entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-53-7073-00"
socCode = "53-7073.00"
title = "Wellhead Pumpers"
summary = "Operate power pumps and auxiliary equipment to produce flow of oil or gas from wells in oil field."
aliases = ["Field Operator", "Lease Operator", "Pumper", "Well Tender", "Lease Attendant", "Oilfield Plant Operator", "Well Field Technician", "Well Head Pumper", "Wellhead Pumper", "Gas Lease Pumper", "Gas Well Pumper", "Oil Field Operator"]
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 80.46

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 10.9

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 7.38

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 1.26

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 70010
meanWage = 70070
pct10Wage = 39110
pct25Wage = 54450
pct75Wage = 80720
pct90Wage = 97470
employment = 17350
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 4

[[industries.top]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 16730
medianWage = 70010
lq = 259.25

[[industries.top]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 130
medianWage = 64440
lq = 1.99

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 80
medianWage = 98920

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 60850

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 16730
lq = 259.25

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 130
lq = 1.99

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 13
percentile = 9
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 14
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 23
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.84
percentile = 69
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0
gamma = 0

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -4.7
growthPercentile = 13
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 2
annualOpeningsPercentile = 27
employment2024Thousands = 18.8
employment2034Thousands = 17.9

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.091197
percentile = 14
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.0825313626565368
percentile = 23
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 14
skills = 36
capabilities = 120
tools = 8
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "1c4a750bcb3ef713"

[[tasks]]
text = "Monitor pumps and flow lines for gas and fluid leaks."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Gauge oil and gas production."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.l"

[[tasks]]
text = "Start compressor engines and divert oil from storage tanks into compressor units and auxiliary equipment to recover natural gas from oil."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Monitor control panels during pumping operations to ensure that materials are being pumped at the correct pressure, density, rate, and concentration."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Operate engines and pumps to shut off wells according to production schedules, and to switch flow of oil into storage tanks."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Open valves to return compressed gas to bottoms of specified wells to repressurize them and force oil to surface."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Change water filters."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Repair gas and oil meters and gauges."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Prepare trucks and equipment necessary for the type of pumping service required."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.at"

[[tasks]]
text = "Perform routine maintenance on vehicles and equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Attach pumps and hoses to wellheads."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ah"

[[tasks]]
text = "Mix acids, chemicals, or dry cement as required for a specific job."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.a"

[[emergingTasks]]
text = "Conduct regular inspections of equipment using drones or other advanced technology."

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect gas systems or components to identify leaks or other potential hazards."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure equipment outputs."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Calculate weights, volumes or other characteristics of materials."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Install parts, assemblies, or attachments in transportation or material handling equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Install machine or equipment replacement parts."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor equipment gauges or displays to ensure proper operation."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Control pumps or pumping equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain vehicles in good working condition."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Repair precision devices or workpieces."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Connect hoses to equipment or machinery."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ah"

[[activities]]
name = "Direct material handling or moving activities."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Set up laboratory or field equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.at"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare chemicals for work application."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.a"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.69

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Troubleshooting"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Repairing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.02

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Response Orientation"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administrative"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.85

[[capabilities]]
name = "Chemistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.82

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.79

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Operational Databases"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Industrial Control Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SAP software"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Moxa software"
category = "Industrial control software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Operational databases"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software"
category = "Industrial control software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 4.97

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 4.97

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 4.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 4.51

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.51

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.37

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 4.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 4.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.97

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 3.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 3.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.74

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 3.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 3.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.22

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 3.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 2.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 2.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 2.48

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.92

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.93

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.54

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.29

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.97

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.62

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.26

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.77

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.74

[[personFit]]
name = "Nature/Outdoors"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.6

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.49

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Perseverance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.46

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-8093.00"
slug = "role-51-8093-00"
title = "Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7072.00"
slug = "role-53-7072-00"
title = "Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-8092.00"
slug = "role-51-8092-00"
title = "Gas Plant Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5012.00"
slug = "role-47-5012-00"
title = "Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5071.00"
slug = "role-47-5071-00"
title = "Roustabouts, Oil and Gas"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7071.00"
slug = "role-53-7071-00"
title = "Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5013.00"
slug = "role-47-5013-00"
title = "Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-8013.00"
slug = "role-51-8013-00"
title = "Power Plant Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-8013.04"
slug = "role-51-8013-04"
title = "Hydroelectric Plant Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-8021.00"
slug = "role-51-8021-00"
title = "Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-8013.03"
slug = "role-51-8013-03"
title = "Biomass Plant Technicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9099.01"
slug = "role-49-9099-01"
title = "Geothermal Technicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Energy & Natural Resources"
slug = "energy-natural-resources"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.84
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.091197
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.9525345
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.099431
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
