entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-53-4041-00"
socCode = "53-4041.00"
title = "Subway and Streetcar Operators"
summary = "Operate subway or elevated suburban trains with no separate locomotive, or electric-powered streetcar, to transport passengers. May handle fares."
aliases = ["Light Rail Operator", "Rail Operator", "Rapid Transit Operator (RTO)", "Train Operator", "Combined Rail Operator", "Light Rail Train Operator", "Light Rail Vehicle Operator (LRV Operator)", "Streetcar Operator", "Transit Operator", "Trolley Operator", "Electric Motorman", "Elevated Motorman"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 86.52

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 8.9

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 4.58

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 84830
meanWage = 75620
pct10Wage = 52260
pct25Wage = 59500
pct75Wage = 87940
pct90Wage = 87940
employment = 9200
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 440
medianWage = 54250
lq = 1

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 440
lq = 1

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 37
percentile = 35
band = "Moderate"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 31
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 38
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 41
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.86
percentile = 72
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.4090909090909091
beta = 0.4090909090909091
gamma = 0.4090909090909091

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 3.4
growthPercentile = 57
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.9
annualOpeningsPercentile = 14
employment2024Thousands = 9.6
employment2034Thousands = 9.9

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -0.6155429
percentile = 31
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.4090909090909091
percentile = 38
band = "Moderate"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.12597964796557265
percentile = 41
band = "Moderate"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Greet passengers, provide information, and answer questions concerning fares, schedules, transfers, and routings."
usagePercent = 0.0035947725844155307
importance = 4.21

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 1
taskCount = 1
totalSample = 129
autonomyMedian = 3
dominantCollaboration = "directive"
automationShare = 37.21
augmentationShare = 51.93
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "directive"
percent = 37.21

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "learning"
percent = 36.43

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "task iteration"
percent = 15.5

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 93.02

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Greet passengers, provide information, and answer questions concerning fares, schedules, transfers, and routings."
usagePercent = 0.012901612701587697
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 129

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Greet passengers, provide information, and answer questions concerning fares, schedules, transfers, and routings."
humanNeededPercent = 99.2248062015504
sampleCount = 129

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: greet passengers, provide information, and answer questions concerning fares, schedules, transfers, and routings. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[counts]
tasks = 10
skills = 31
capabilities = 120
tools = 1
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "f7aecb865f822ac4"

[[tasks]]
text = "Monitor lights indicating obstructions or other trains ahead and watch for car and truck traffic at crossings to stay alert to potential hazards."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Operate controls to open and close transit vehicle doors."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Drive and control rail-guided public transportation, such as subways, elevated trains, and electric-powered streetcars, trams, or trolleys, to transport passengers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Report delays, mechanical problems, and emergencies to supervisors or dispatchers, using radios."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Regulate vehicle speed and the time spent at each stop to maintain schedules."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Make announcements to passengers, such as notifications of upcoming stops or schedule delays."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Direct emergency evacuation procedures."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.k"

[[tasks]]
text = "Complete reports, including shift summaries and incident or accident reports."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[tasks]]
text = "Greet passengers, provide information, and answer questions concerning fares, schedules, transfers, and routings."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Attend meetings on driver and passenger safety to learn ways in which job performance might be affected."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Drive passenger vehicles."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor vehicle movement or location."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor traffic signals."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor surroundings to detect potential hazards."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Direct emergency management activities."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Report vehicle or equipment malfunctions."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Notify others of emergencies, problems, or hazards."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Provide transportation information to passengers or customers."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Record operational details of travel."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare accident or incident reports."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.o"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain professional knowledge or certifications."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Transportation"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.91

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Rate Control"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Auditory Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.66

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Response Orientation"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Depth Perception"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Sharing"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.19

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 4.36

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.33

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 4.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 4.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 4.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 4.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 4.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 4

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 3.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 3.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 3.46

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People"
value = 3.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.02

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 2.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 2.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 2.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 2.88

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 2.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 2.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 2.46

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 2.44

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.63

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.91

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.26

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.8

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.52

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.31

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.28

[[personFit]]
name = "Self-Control"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.14

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.13

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.87

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.86

[[personFit]]
name = "Protective Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.79

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.69

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-4011.00"
slug = "role-53-4011-00"
title = "Locomotive Engineers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-4031.00"
slug = "role-53-4031-00"
title = "Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-3052.00"
slug = "role-53-3052-00"
title = "Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-4022.00"
slug = "role-53-4022-00"
title = "Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators and Locomotive Firers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-3054.00"
slug = "role-53-3054-00"
title = "Taxi Drivers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-4013.00"
slug = "role-53-4013-00"
title = "Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-3053.00"
slug = "role-53-3053-00"
title = "Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-2021.00"
slug = "role-53-2021-00"
title = "Air Traffic Controllers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-3032.00"
slug = "role-53-3032-00"
title = "Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-3033.00"
slug = "role-53-3033-00"
title = "Light Truck Drivers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "33-3052.00"
slug = "role-33-3052-00"
title = "Transit and Railroad Police"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "33-9091.00"
slug = "role-33-9091-00"
title = "Crossing Guards and Flaggers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Supply Chain & Transportation"
slug = "supply-chain-transportation"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Transportation and Materials Moving"
slug = "transportation-and-materials-moving"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.86
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -0.6155429
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.1670065
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -0.9125129
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
