entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-53-3011-00"
socCode = "53-3011.00"
title = "Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians"
summary = "Drive ambulance or assist ambulance driver in transporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons. Assist in lifting patients."
aliases = ["Ambulance Driver", "Driver", "EMS Driver (Emergency Medical Services Driver)", "First Responder", "Ambulance Attendant", "CPR Ambulance Driver (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Ambulance Driver)", "Chair Car Driver", "Driver Medic", "Emergency Care Attendant (ECA)", "Medical Van Driver (Medi-Van Driver)", "Care Attendant", "Certified Emergency Vehicle Technician (CEV Technician)"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 56.27

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 23.13

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 19.58

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 1.01

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 34330
meanWage = 35550
pct10Wage = 25460
pct25Wage = 29580
pct75Wage = 38000
pct90Wage = 46630
employment = 12080
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 5

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9140
medianWage = 34100
lq = 5.05

[[industries.top]]
naics = "621910"
slug = "621910"
title = "Ambulance Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 7620
medianWage = 33430
lq = 591.82

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 610
medianWage = 36030
lq = 1.05

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 150
medianWage = 30540
lq = 0.21

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 60
medianWage = 36690

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "621910"
slug = "621910"
title = "Ambulance Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 7620
lq = 591.82

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9140
lq = 5.05

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 610
lq = 1.05

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 150
lq = 0.21

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 16
percentile = 13
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 25
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 13
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 9
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.25
percentile = 37
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.09090909090909091
beta = 0.09090909090909091
gamma = 0.09090909090909091

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -1.3
growthPercentile = 21
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 1.4
annualOpeningsPercentile = 21
employment2024Thousands = 12.3
employment2034Thousands = 12.1

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -0.8298703
percentile = 25
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.09090909090909091
percentile = 13
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.04733102629254131
percentile = 9
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 11
skills = 35
capabilities = 120
tools = 6
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "fd34d557781c100a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove and replace soiled linens or equipment to maintain sanitary conditions."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Drive ambulances or assist ambulance drivers in transporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Report facts concerning accidents or emergencies to hospital personnel or law enforcement officials."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Place patients on stretchers, and load stretchers into ambulances, usually with assistance from other attendants."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Accompany and assist emergency medical technicians on calls."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Replace supplies and disposable items on ambulances."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[tasks]]
text = "Perform minor maintenance on emergency medical services vehicles, such as ambulances."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Clean and wash rigs, ambulances, or equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Earn and maintain appropriate certifications."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Administer first aid, such as bandaging, splinting, or administering oxygen."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Restrain or shackle violent patients."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain vehicles in good working condition."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean vehicles or vehicle components."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Drive passenger vehicles."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Provide first aid or rescue assistance in emergencies."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain professional knowledge or certifications."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Stock medical or patient care supplies."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[activities]]
name = "Notify others of emergencies, problems, or hazards."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Hold patients to ensure proper positioning or safety."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.k"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.95

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.87

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.72

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.35

[[capabilities]]
name = "Law and Government"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.29

[[capabilities]]
name = "Transportation"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.24

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Spatial Orientation"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Sharing"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Response Orientation"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Medicine and Dentistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.08

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Instructing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mapping Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Computer aided dispatch software"
category = "Helpdesk or call center software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Mapping software"
category = "Map creation software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.66

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 4.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.4

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 4.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.31

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 4.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.17

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.11

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 4.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 4.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 3.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 3.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 3.56

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 3.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.22

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 3.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 2.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 2.69

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.45

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.06

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 6

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.29

[[personFit]]
name = "Cooperation"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.73

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.6

[[personFit]]
name = "Self-Control"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.57

[[personFit]]
name = "Social Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.33

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Protective Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.6

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.45

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.21

[[personFit]]
name = "Adaptability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.09

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2042.00"
slug = "role-29-2042-00"
title = "Emergency Medical Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2043.00"
slug = "role-29-2043-00"
title = "Paramedics"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "31-1132.00"
slug = "role-31-1132-00"
title = "Orderlies"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "31-1131.00"
slug = "role-31-1131-00"
title = "Nursing Assistants"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "31-1121.00"
slug = "role-31-1121-00"
title = "Home Health Aides"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-9093.00"
slug = "role-29-9093-00"
title = "Surgical Assistants"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "31-9092.00"
slug = "role-31-9092-00"
title = "Medical Assistants"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5031.00"
slug = "role-43-5031-00"
title = "Public Safety Telecommunicators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "33-9092.00"
slug = "role-33-9092-00"
title = "Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "31-1122.00"
slug = "role-31-1122-00"
title = "Personal Care Aides"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-9161.00"
slug = "role-11-9161-00"
title = "Emergency Management Directors"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1214.00"
slug = "role-29-1214-00"
title = "Emergency Medicine Physicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Supply Chain & Transportation"
slug = "supply-chain-transportation"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Health Professions and Related Programs"
slug = "health-professions-and-related-programs"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.25
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -0.8298703
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.6057287
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -0.8443602
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
