entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-51-6051-00"
socCode = "51-6051.00"
title = "Sewers, Hand"
summary = "Sew, join, reinforce, or finish, usually with needle and thread, a variety of manufactured items. Includes weavers and stitchers."
aliases = ["Alteration Specialist", "Couturier", "Custom Clothier", "Seamstress", "Custom Designer", "Custom Seamstress", "Stitcher", "Apparel Specialist", "Bale Sewer", "Baseball Hand Sewer", "Beadworker", "Casing Sewer"]
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 82.18

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 10.83

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 4.06

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 2.03

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "First Professional Degree"
percentage = 0.52

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 0.38

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 33760
meanWage = 34810
pct10Wage = 25530
pct25Wage = 29210
pct75Wage = 38180
pct90Wage = 46320
employment = 2240
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 7

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1210
medianWage = 33280
lq = 6.53

[[industries.top]]
naics = "44-45"
slug = "44-45"
title = "Retail Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 440
medianWage = 33420
lq = 1.94

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 160
medianWage = 34820
lq = 2.49

[[industries.top]]
naics = "71"
slug = "71"
title = "Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation"
level = "Sector"
employment = 50
medianWage = 36650

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 30
medianWage = 31230

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 35770

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 35360

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1210
lq = 6.53

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 160
lq = 2.49

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "44-45"
slug = "44-45"
title = "Retail Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 440
lq = 1.94

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 21
percentile = 18
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 31
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 12
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 19
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.99
percentile = 99
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0.041666666666666664
gamma = 0.08333333333333333

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -7
growthPercentile = 8
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.7
annualOpeningsPercentile = 11
employment2024Thousands = 5.4
employment2034Thousands = 5

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -0.5987218
percentile = 31
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.08333333333333333
percentile = 12
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.07369399630672933
percentile = 19
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 11
skills = 36
capabilities = 120
tools = 11
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "9ade8c215fc13f58"

[[tasks]]
text = "Fit garments on clients, altering as needed."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Select thread, twine, cord, or yarn to be used, and thread needles."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Measure and align parts, fasteners, or trimmings, following seams, edges, or markings on parts."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Trim excess threads or edges of parts, using scissors or knives."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[tasks]]
text = "Smooth seams with heated irons, flat bones, or rubbing sticks."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.o"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sew, join, reinforce, or finish parts of articles, such as garments, books, mattresses, toys, and wigs, using needles and thread or other materials."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Use different sewing techniques such as felling, tacking, basting, embroidery, and fagoting."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Draw and cut patterns according to specifications."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.k"

[[tasks]]
text = "Fold, twist, stretch, or drape material, and secure articles in preparation for sewing."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sew buttonholes, or add lace or other trimming."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Tie, knit, weave or knot ribbon, yarn, or decorative materials."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aj"

[[emergingTasks]]
text = "Patch materials, such as cotton or leather."

[[activities]]
name = "Sew clothing or other articles."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Trim excess material from workpieces."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Select production input materials."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Design templates or patterns."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Cut industrial materials in preparation for fabrication or processing."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Adjust fabrics or other materials during garment production."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Smooth surfaces of objects or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.o"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure dimensions of completed products or workpieces to verify conformance to specifications."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Align parts or workpieces to ensure proper assembly."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ao"

[[activities]]
name = "Assemble garments or textile products."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aj"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure materials to mark reference points, cutting lines, or other indicators."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure clients to ensure proper product fit."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Cut materials according to specifications or needs."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.03

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visual Color Discrimination"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.93

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Depth Perception"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Wrist-Finger Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.42

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Originality"
family = "ability"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.29

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Photoshop"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Illustrator"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Illustrator"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Photoshop"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe FreeHand MX"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Corel CorelDraw Graphics Suite"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Drawing software"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Embroidery design software"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Graphics digitizing software"
category = "Optical character reader OCR or scanning software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Template design software"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 3.74

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.51

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.36

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 3.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 2.88

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 2.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 2.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 2.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 2.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 2.65

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 2.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 2.49

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 2.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 2.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 2.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 1.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 1.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 1.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 1.59

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 1.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 1.53

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.48

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.25

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.67

[[personFit]]
name = "Applied Arts and Design"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Visual Arts"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.5

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.39

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.38

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.11

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.97

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.41

[[personFit]]
name = "Performing Arts"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.19

[[personFit]]
name = "Teaching/Education"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Marketing/Advertising"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.15

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6031.00"
slug = "role-51-6031-00"
title = "Sewing Machine Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6052.00"
slug = "role-51-6052-00"
title = "Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6041.00"
slug = "role-51-6041-00"
title = "Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6042.00"
slug = "role-51-6042-00"
title = "Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6092.00"
slug = "role-51-6092-00"
title = "Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6021.00"
slug = "role-51-6021-00"
title = "Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6093.00"
slug = "role-51-6093-00"
title = "Upholsterers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9031.00"
slug = "role-51-9031-00"
title = "Cutters and Trimmers, Hand"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6063.00"
slug = "role-51-6063-00"
title = "Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4062.00"
slug = "role-51-4062-00"
title = "Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9195.00"
slug = "role-51-9195-00"
title = "Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6011.00"
slug = "role-51-6011-00"
title = "Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Arts, Entertainment, & Design"
slug = "arts-entertainment-design"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.99
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -0.5987218
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 0.5866556
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.019362
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
