entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-51-6042-00"
socCode = "51-6042.00"
title = "Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders"
summary = "Operate or tend a variety of machines to join, decorate, reinforce, or finish shoes and shoe parts."
aliases = ["Boot Maker", "Inseamer", "Side Laster", "Stitcher", "Cobbler", "Insole Department Worker", "Shoe Cementer", "Shoe Maker", "Toe Trimmer", "Anchor Operator", "Anchorer", "Ankle Patch Molder"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 38

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 15.31

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 0.29

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 38160
meanWage = 37230
pct10Wage = 24160
pct25Wage = 30450
pct75Wage = 43390
pct90Wage = 47860
employment = 3270
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 3230
medianWage = 38160
lq = 11.93

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 3230
lq = 11.93

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 13
percentile = 9
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 17
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 13
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 10
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.97
percentile = 94
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.08695652173913043
beta = 0.08695652173913043
gamma = 0.08695652173913043

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -3.7
growthPercentile = 15
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.4
annualOpeningsPercentile = 6
employment2024Thousands = 4.1
employment2034Thousands = 3.9

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.029855
percentile = 17
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.08695652173913043
percentile = 13
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.04956968925269976
percentile = 10
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 19
skills = 38
capabilities = 120
tools = 8
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "5cf720db831fa766"

[[tasks]]
text = "Inspect finished products to ensure that shoes have been completed according to specifications."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.k"

[[tasks]]
text = "Align parts to be stitched, following seams, edges, or markings, before positioning them under needles."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ao"

[[tasks]]
text = "Operate or tend machines to join, decorate, reinforce, or finish shoes and shoe parts."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove and examine shoes, shoe parts, and designs to verify conformance to specifications such as proper embedding of stitches in channels."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.an"

[[tasks]]
text = "Switch on machines, lower pressure feet or rollers to secure parts, and start machine stitching, using hand, foot, or knee controls."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Fill shuttle spools with thread from a machine's bobbin winder by pressing a foot treadle."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Staple sides of shoes, pressing a foot treadle to position and hold each shoe under the feeder of the machine."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aj"

[[tasks]]
text = "Draw thread through machine guide slots, needles, and presser feet in preparation for stitching, or load rolls of wire through machine axles."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Study work orders or shoe part tags to obtain information about workloads, specifications, and the types of materials to be used."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Perform routine equipment maintenance such as cleaning and lubricating machines or replacing broken needles."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Position dies on material in a manner that will obtain the maximum number of parts from each portion of material."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Test machinery to ensure proper functioning before beginning production."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Read work orders or other instructions to determine product specifications or materials requirements."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove products or workpieces from production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.an"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Replace worn equipment components."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain production or processing equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Trim excess material from workpieces."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate sewing equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Align parts or workpieces to ensure proper assembly."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ao"

[[activities]]
name = "Mount materials or workpieces onto production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Mount attachments or tools onto production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Conduct test runs of production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Load materials into production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Feed materials or products into or through equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Assemble garments or textile products."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aj"

[[activities]]
name = "Select production input materials."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect products or operations to ensure that standards are met."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect finishes of workpieces or finished products."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.f"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.28

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.01

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Quality Control Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Rate Control"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Troubleshooting"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visual Color Discrimination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.66

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.62

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Acrobat"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Industrial Control Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Acrobat"
category = "Document management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Inventory tracking software"
category = "Inventory management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Production control software"
category = "Industrial control software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.63

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.46

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.28

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 3.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 2.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 2.31

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 2.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 2.13

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 2.02

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People"
value = 1.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 1.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance"
value = 1.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 1.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 1.74

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.71

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.88

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.23

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.34

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.29

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.06

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.77

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.67

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.54

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.53

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.48

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.47

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.3

[[personFit]]
name = "Applied Arts and Design"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.27

[[personFit]]
name = "Management/Administration"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.2

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6031.00"
slug = "role-51-6031-00"
title = "Sewing Machine Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9032.00"
slug = "role-51-9032-00"
title = "Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6041.00"
slug = "role-51-6041-00"
title = "Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9022.00"
slug = "role-51-9022-00"
title = "Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9031.00"
slug = "role-51-9031-00"
title = "Cutters and Trimmers, Hand"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4033.00"
slug = "role-51-4033-00"
title = "Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-7042.00"
slug = "role-51-7042-00"
title = "Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6062.00"
slug = "role-51-6062-00"
title = "Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9191.00"
slug = "role-51-9191-00"
title = "Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-7041.00"
slug = "role-51-7041-00"
title = "Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6051.00"
slug = "role-51-6051-00"
title = "Sewers, Hand"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6021.00"
slug = "role-51-6021-00"
title = "Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Advanced Manufacturing"
slug = "advanced-manufacturing"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Precision Production"
slug = "precision-production"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.97
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.029855
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.8825489
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.052404
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
