entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-51-4052-00"
socCode = "51-4052.00"
title = "Pourers and Casters, Metal"
summary = "Operate hand-controlled mechanisms to pour and regulate the flow of molten metal into molds to produce castings or ingots."
aliases = ["Caster", "Melter", "Metal Handler", "Pourer", "Casting Machine Operator", "Casting Operator", "DC Caster (Direct Chill Caster)", "Die Cast Machine Operator", "Die Casting Machine Operator", "Iron Pourer", "Aluminum Pourer", "Billet Header"]
emergingTasks = []
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 79.96

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 20.04

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 48940
meanWage = 51320
pct10Wage = 37250
pct25Wage = 41410
pct75Wage = 59850
pct90Wage = 68030
employment = 5830
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 4

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5720
medianWage = 48990
lq = 11.85

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 70
medianWage = 37300

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 40
medianWage = 35740

[[industries.top]]
naics = "44-45"
slug = "44-45"
title = "Retail Trade"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 37630

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5720
lq = 11.85

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 12
percentile = 8
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 17
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 16
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.87
percentile = 74
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0
gamma = 0

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -4.7
growthPercentile = 13
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.6
annualOpeningsPercentile = 9
employment2024Thousands = 5.9
employment2034Thousands = 5.7

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.00914
percentile = 17
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.06351850226168242
percentile = 16
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 16
skills = 37
capabilities = 120
tools = 5
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "cc946f61d27818f4"

[[tasks]]
text = "Pour and regulate the flow of molten metal into molds and forms to produce ingots or other castings, using ladles or hand-controlled mechanisms."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Read temperature gauges and observe color changes, adjusting furnace flames, torches, or electrical heating units as necessary to melt metal to specifications."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove solidified steel or slag from pouring nozzles, using long bars or oxygen burners."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Assemble and embed cores in casting frames, using hand tools and equipment."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Examine molds to ensure they are clean, smooth, and properly coated."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Collect samples, or signal workers to sample metal for analysis."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Turn valves to circulate water through cores, or spray water on filled molds to cool and solidify metal."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.i"

[[tasks]]
text = "Load specified amounts of metal and flux into furnaces or clay crucibles."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Pull levers to lift ladle stoppers and to allow molten steel to flow into ingot molds to specified heights."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.i"

[[tasks]]
text = "Position equipment such as ladles, grinding wheels, pouring nozzles, or crucibles, or signal other workers to position equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Skim slag or remove excess metal from ingots or equipment, using hand tools, strainers, rakes, or burners, collecting scrap for recycling."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove metal ingots or cores from molds, using hand tools, cranes, and chain hoists."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.an"

[[activities]]
name = "Collect samples of materials or products for testing."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Signal others to coordinate work activities."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Place materials into molds."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Adjust equipment controls to regulate flow of production materials or products."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor instruments to ensure proper production conditions."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Adjust temperature controls of ovens or other heating equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Mount attachments or tools onto production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Trim excess material from workpieces."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Skim impurities from molten metal."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.m"

[[activities]]
name = "Adjust equipment controls to regulate coolant flow."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply parting agents or other solutions to molds."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.an"

[[activities]]
name = "Load materials into production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean production equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Assemble mechanical components or machine parts."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove workpieces from molds."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.an"

[[activities]]
name = "Move products, materials, or equipment between work areas."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate forklifts or other loaders."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Engrave designs, text, or other markings onto materials, workpieces, or products."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.y"

[[activities]]
name = "Repair templates, patterns, or molds."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain production or processing equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.11

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Quality Control Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visual Color Discrimination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Rate Control"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Industrial Control Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Husky Injection Molding Systems Shotscope NX"
category = "Industrial control software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.56

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 4.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.51

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 3.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.03

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 2.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 2.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 2.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 2.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 2.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 2.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 2.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.22

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 2.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 2

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 1.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance"
value = 1.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 1.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 1.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 1.83

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 1.73

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.97

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.76

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.45

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.43

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.3

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.87

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.86

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.75

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.51

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Self-Control"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.4

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.19

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.17

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.15

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9195.00"
slug = "role-51-9195-00"
title = "Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4023.00"
slug = "role-51-4023-00"
title = "Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4022.00"
slug = "role-51-4022-00"
title = "Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9022.00"
slug = "role-51-9022-00"
title = "Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4072.00"
slug = "role-51-4072-00"
title = "Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4051.00"
slug = "role-51-4051-00"
title = "Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4193.00"
slug = "role-51-4193-00"
title = "Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4191.00"
slug = "role-51-4191-00"
title = "Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7063.00"
slug = "role-53-7063-00"
title = "Machine Feeders and Offbearers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4071.00"
slug = "role-51-4071-00"
title = "Foundry Mold and Coremakers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4194.00"
slug = "role-51-4194-00"
title = "Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9045.00"
slug = "role-49-9045-00"
title = "Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Advanced Manufacturing"
slug = "advanced-manufacturing"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.87
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.00914
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.5392559
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.143326
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
