{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-51-3091-00",
  "socCode": "51-3091.00",
  "title": "Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders",
  "summary": "Operate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying equipment, including hearth ovens, kiln driers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum drying equipment.",
  "aliases": [
    "Coffee Roaster",
    "Machine Operator",
    "Roaster",
    "Roasterman",
    "Bean Roaster",
    "Line Operator",
    "Oven Operator",
    "Oven Technician",
    "Roast Master",
    "Roaster Operator",
    "Automatic Oven Operator",
    "Bakery Production Associate"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Observe, feel, taste, or otherwise examine products during and after processing to ensure conformance to standards.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Take product samples during or after processing for laboratory analyses.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Set temperature and time controls, light ovens, burners, driers, or roasters, and start equipment, such as conveyors, cylinders, blowers, driers, or pumps.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.i"
    },
    {
      "text": "Observe temperature, humidity, pressure gauges, and product samples and adjust controls, such as thermostats and valves, to maintain prescribed operating conditions for specific stages.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Observe flow of materials and listen for machine malfunctions, such as jamming or spillage, and notify supervisors if corrective actions fail.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Test products for moisture content, using moisture meters.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Record production data, such as weight and amount of product processed, type of product, and time and temperature of processing.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.h"
    },
    {
      "text": "Weigh or measure products, using scale hoppers or scale conveyors.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Clear or dislodge blockages in bins, screens, or other equipment, using poles, brushes, or mallets.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.5.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Operate or tend equipment that roasts, bakes, dries, or cures food items such as cocoa and coffee beans, grains, nuts, and bakery products.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Signal coworkers to synchronize flow of materials.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Start conveyors to move roasted grain to cooling pans and agitate grain with rakes as blowers force air through perforated bottoms of pans.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.f"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Inspect food products.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Evaluate quality of food ingredients or prepared foods.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.1.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitor instruments to ensure proper production conditions.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Operate cooking, baking, or other food preparation equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adjust temperature controls of ovens or other heating equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.i"
    },
    {
      "name": "Operate pumping systems or equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Watch operating equipment to detect malfunctions.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Notify others of equipment repair or maintenance needs.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.2.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Record operational or production data.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.h"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weigh finished products.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Measure dimensions of completed products or workpieces to verify conformance to specifications.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Read work orders or other instructions to determine product specifications or materials requirements.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Collect samples of materials or products for testing.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Remove products or workpieces from production equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.an"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adjust equipment controls to regulate flow of production materials or products.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.i"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sterilize food cooking or processing equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Clear equipment jams.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.5.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Move products, materials, or equipment between work areas.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Feed materials or products into or through equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Position raw materials on processing or production equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mount attachments or tools onto production equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Signal others to coordinate work activities.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.b"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Operations Monitoring",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Production and Processing",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitoring",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Operation and Control",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Quality Control Analysis",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Category Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Perceptual Speed",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Selective Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Arm-Hand Steadiness",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Control Precision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Safety and Security",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.05
    },
    {
      "name": "Food Production",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.04
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Flexibility of Closure",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Manual Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Multilimb Coordination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Rate Control",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Trunk Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Visual Color Discrimination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Hearing Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Auditory Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Clarity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.88
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Excel",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Email Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Installation",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geography",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Excel",
      "category": "Spreadsheet software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Email software",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets",
      "value": 4.82
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 4.78
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 4.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 4.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 4.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 4.2
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 4.03
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures",
      "value": 3.98
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 3.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment",
      "value": 3.83
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 3.72
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 3.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 3.54
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 3.49
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 3.41
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 3.4
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 3.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 3.35
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Contaminants",
      "value": 3.26
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 3.22
    },
    {
      "name": "Degree of Automation",
      "value": 3.22
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 3.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 2.93
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People",
      "value": 2.8
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings",
      "value": 2.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 2.72
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions",
      "value": 2.61
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 2.52
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 2.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection",
      "value": 2.33
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 2.33
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 2.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 2.16
    },
    {
      "name": "E-Mail",
      "value": 2.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions",
      "value": 2.13
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment",
      "value": 2.12
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "2",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.",
    "experience": "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.",
    "svpRange": "(Below 6.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 60.77
      },
      {
        "label": "Less than a High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 22.77
      },
      {
        "label": "Some College Courses",
        "percentage": 10.81
      },
      {
        "label": "Post-Secondary Certificate",
        "percentage": 5.65
      }
    ]
  },
  "personFit": [
    {
      "name": "Realistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 6.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Conventional",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 4.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical/Manual Labor",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 3.76
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanics/Electronics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.35
    },
    {
      "name": "Culinary Art",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Attention to Detail",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Dependability",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Cautiousness",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.96
    },
    {
      "name": "Transportation/Machine Operation",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.87
    },
    {
      "name": "Enterprising",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1.83
    },
    {
      "name": "Agriculture",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.76
    },
    {
      "name": "Engineering",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.63
    },
    {
      "name": "Investigative",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1.6
    },
    {
      "name": "Accounting",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.51
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Science",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.42
    },
    {
      "name": "Social",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1.26
    }
  ],
  "relatedRoles": [
    {
      "socCode": "51-3092.00",
      "slug": "role-51-3092-00",
      "title": "Food Batchmakers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-3093.00",
      "slug": "role-51-3093-00",
      "title": "Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9012.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9012-00",
      "title": "Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9051.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9051-00",
      "title": "Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "45-2041.00",
      "slug": "role-45-2041-00",
      "title": "Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9193.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9193-00",
      "title": "Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9192.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9192-00",
      "title": "Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9023.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9023-00",
      "title": "Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9041.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9041-00",
      "title": "Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9021.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9021-00",
      "title": "Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-3011.00",
      "slug": "role-51-3011-00",
      "title": "Bakers",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9111.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9111-00",
      "title": "Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    }
  ],
  "careerClusters": [
    {
      "cluster": "Advanced Manufacturing",
      "slug": "advanced-manufacturing"
    }
  ],
  "educationLevel": {
    "category": "No formal educational credential",
    "slug": "no-formal-educational-credential"
  },
  "studyPrograms": [],
  "market": {
    "medianWage": 42730,
    "meanWage": 44140,
    "pct10Wage": 32390,
    "pct25Wage": 36610,
    "pct75Wage": 48680,
    "pct90Wage": 60070,
    "employment": 19500,
    "areaTitle": "U.S."
  },
  "industries": {
    "top": [
      {
        "naics": "31-33",
        "slug": "31-33",
        "title": "Manufacturing",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 14880,
        "medianWage": 43110,
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        "note": "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."
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      "note": "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."
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    "generatedAt": "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00",
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}