entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-49-9045-00"
socCode = "49-9045.00"
title = "Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons"
summary = "Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials."
aliases = ["Cupola Repairer", "Ladle Liner", "Refractory Bricklayer", "Refractory Technician", "Cell Reliner", "Furnace Repairer", "Hot Repairman", "Ladle Repairman", "Refractory Worker", "Bondactor Machine Operator", "Clay Structure Builder", "Clay Structure Servicer"]

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 74.85

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 17.27

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 7.08

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 0.8

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 58540
meanWage = 61480
pct10Wage = 37050
pct25Wage = 48380
pct75Wage = 73940
pct90Wage = 81440
employment = 1100
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 4

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 630
medianWage = 52630
lq = 6.92

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 280
medianWage = 62170
lq = 4.83

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238140"
slug = "238140"
title = "Masonry Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 140
medianWage = 65060
lq = 136.66

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 76880

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238140"
slug = "238140"
title = "Masonry Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 140
lq = 136.66

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 630
lq = 6.92

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 280
lq = 4.83

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 13
percentile = 9
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 9
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 27
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.82
percentile = 66
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0
gamma = 0

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -16.9
growthPercentile = 2
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.1
annualOpeningsPercentile = 1
employment2024Thousands = 1.1
employment2034Thousands = 0.9

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.237463
percentile = 9
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.09234153871351017
percentile = 27
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 10
skills = 38
capabilities = 120
tools = 7
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "75510e1014ab9705"

[[tasks]]
text = "Measure furnace walls to determine dimensions and cut required number of sheets from plastic block, using saws."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Reline or repair ladles and pouring spouts with refractory clay, using trowels."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Dry and bake new linings by placing inverted linings over burners, building fires in ladles, or by using blowtorches."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aa"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove worn or damaged plastic block refractory linings of furnaces, using hand tools."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Chip slag from linings of ladles or remove linings when beyond repair, using hammers and chisels."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Climb scaffolding, carrying hoses, and spray surfaces of cupolas with refractory mixtures, using spray equipment."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.n"

[[tasks]]
text = "Mix specified amounts of sand, clay, mortar powder, and water to form refractory clay or mortar, using shovels or mixing machines."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Spread mortar on stopper heads and rods, using trowels, and slide brick sleeves over rods to form refractory jackets."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.am"

[[tasks]]
text = "Dump and tamp clay in molds, using tamping tools."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Transfer clay structures to curing ovens, melting tanks, and drawing kilns, using forklifts."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[emergingTasks]]
text = "Reline furnaces using ramming material."

[[activities]]
name = "Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean equipment, parts, or tools to repair or maintain them in good working order."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare compounds or solutions to be used for repairs."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure distances or dimensions."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Cut materials according to specifications or needs."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Fabricate parts or components."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aa"

[[activities]]
name = "Repair structural components."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Climb equipment or structures to access work areas."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.n"

[[activities]]
name = "Seal gaps or cracks to prevent leakage or moisture intrusion."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.am"

[[activities]]
name = "Place materials into molds."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Move large objects using heavy equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.63

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.53

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Equilibrium"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.13

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.13

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.13

[[capabilities]]
name = "Repairing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.98

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Troubleshooting"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Auditory Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Tracking Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Maintenance management software"
category = "Facilities management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Time tracking software"
category = "Time accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 4.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 4.74

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 4.58

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 4.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 4.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 4.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 4.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 4.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 4.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.83

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 3.69

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.66

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Whole Body Vibration"
value = 3.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.22

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 2.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 2.88

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 2.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles"
value = 2.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.76

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.55

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.66

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.6

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.53

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.3

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.03

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.92

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.44

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.31

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.24

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.15

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2021.00"
slug = "role-47-2021-00"
title = "Brickmasons and Blockmasons"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9195.00"
slug = "role-51-9195-00"
title = "Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3011.00"
slug = "role-47-3011-00"
title = "Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4071.00"
slug = "role-51-4071-00"
title = "Foundry Mold and Coremakers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2053.00"
slug = "role-47-2053-00"
title = "Terrazzo Workers and Finishers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4191.00"
slug = "role-51-4191-00"
title = "Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2051.00"
slug = "role-47-2051-00"
title = "Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4051.00"
slug = "role-51-4051-00"
title = "Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-2041.00"
slug = "role-51-2041-00"
title = "Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2011.00"
slug = "role-47-2011-00"
title = "Boilermakers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-4052.00"
slug = "role-51-4052-00"
title = "Pourers and Casters, Metal"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2131.00"
slug = "role-47-2131-00"
title = "Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Construction"
slug = "construction"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians"
slug = "mechanic-and-repair-technologies-technicians"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.82
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.237463
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.133563
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.208758
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
