# Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons

> Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 49-9045.00
- **Summary:** Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.

## Aliases

- Cupola Repairer
- Ladle Liner
- Refractory Bricklayer
- Refractory Technician
- Cell Reliner
- Furnace Repairer
- Hot Repairman
- Ladle Repairman
- Refractory Worker
- Bondactor Machine Operator
- Clay Structure Builder
- Clay Structure Servicer

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Measure furnace walls to determine dimensions and cut required number of sheets from plastic block, using saws. | Supplemental | 4.A.1.b.3.a |
| Reline or repair ladles and pouring spouts with refractory clay, using trowels. | Core | 4.A.3.b.4.c |
| Dry and bake new linings by placing inverted linings over burners, building fires in ladles, or by using blowtorches. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.a.2.aa |
| Remove worn or damaged plastic block refractory linings of furnaces, using hand tools. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.b.4.a |
| Chip slag from linings of ladles or remove linings when beyond repair, using hammers and chisels. | Core | 4.A.3.a.1.c |
| Climb scaffolding, carrying hoses, and spray surfaces of cupolas with refractory mixtures, using spray equipment. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.a.1.n |
| Mix specified amounts of sand, clay, mortar powder, and water to form refractory clay or mortar, using shovels or mixing machines. | Core | 4.A.3.a.1.a |
| Spread mortar on stopper heads and rods, using trowels, and slide brick sleeves over rods to form refractory jackets. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.a.2.am |
| Dump and tamp clay in molds, using tamping tools. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.a.1.f |
| Transfer clay structures to curing ovens, melting tanks, and drawing kilns, using forklifts. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.a.1.j |

## Emerging Tasks

| Text |
| --- |
| Reline furnaces using ramming material. |

## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts. | 4.A.3.b.4.c |
| Clean equipment, parts, or tools to repair or maintain them in good working order. | 4.A.3.a.1.c |
| Prepare compounds or solutions to be used for repairs. | 4.A.3.a.1.a |
| Measure distances or dimensions. | 4.A.1.b.3.a |
| Cut materials according to specifications or needs. | 4.A.3.a.2.l |
| Fabricate parts or components. | 4.A.3.a.2.aa |
| Repair structural components. | 4.A.3.b.4.a |
| Climb equipment or structures to access work areas. | 4.A.3.a.1.n |
| Seal gaps or cracks to prevent leakage or moisture intrusion. | 4.A.3.a.2.am |
| Place materials into molds. | 4.A.3.a.1.f |
| Move large objects using heavy equipment. | 4.A.3.a.1.j |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | ability | 3.63 |
| Mechanical | knowledge | 3.53 |
| Extent Flexibility | ability | 3.5 |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.5 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 3.38 |
| Manual Dexterity | ability | 3.38 |
| Control Precision | ability | 3.38 |
| Multilimb Coordination | ability | 3.38 |
| Operations Monitoring | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Trunk Strength | ability | 3.25 |
| Gross Body Equilibrium | ability | 3.25 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 3.13 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3.13 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3.13 |
| Repairing | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 3 |
| Operation and Control | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Equipment Maintenance | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 3 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 3 |
| Finger Dexterity | ability | 3 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3 |
| Production and Processing | knowledge | 2.98 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 2.88 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 2.88 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Troubleshooting | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 2.88 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 2.88 |
| Perceptual Speed | ability | 2.88 |
| Visualization | ability | 2.88 |
| Reaction Time | ability | 2.88 |
| Far Vision | ability | 2.88 |
| Auditory Attention | ability | 2.88 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 2.88 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 2.75 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 2.75 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 2.75 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 2.75 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Equipment Maintenance | Specialized Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Depth Perception | Common Skill |
| Equipment Selection | Specialized Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Time Tracking Software | Specialized Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Installation | Specialized Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Presentation Software | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | no |
| Maintenance management software | Facilities management software | no | no |
| Time tracking software | Time accounting software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 5 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 5 |
| Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled | 4.94 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 4.81 |
| Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures | 4.74 |
| Time Pressure | 4.67 |
| Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body | 4.58 |
| Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection | 4.53 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Equipment | 4.48 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 4.47 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 4.45 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | 4.41 |
| Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings | 4.38 |
| Spend Time Standing | 4.38 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 4.34 |
| Contact With Others | 4.23 |
| Physical Proximity | 4.18 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.16 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 3.98 |
| Exposed to High Places | 3.93 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 3.83 |
| In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment | 3.8 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 3.79 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 3.73 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 3.69 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 3.66 |
| Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions | 3.62 |
| Exposed to Whole Body Vibration | 3.49 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 3.47 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 3.47 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 3.29 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 3.22 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 3.1 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 3.06 |
| Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions | 2.98 |
| Consequence of Error | 2.89 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 2.88 |
| Telephone Conversations | 2.86 |
| Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles | 2.78 |
| Level of Competition | 2.76 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 2
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- **Experience:** Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- **Svp Range:** (Below 6.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| High School Diploma | 74.85 |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 17.27 |
| Some College Courses | 7.08 |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 0.8 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 7 |
| Physical/Manual Labor | specific_interest_area | 6.16 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 3.55 |
| Mechanics/Electronics | specific_interest_area | 2.66 |
| Engineering | specific_interest_area | 2.6 |
| Construction/Woodwork | specific_interest_area | 2.53 |
| Dependability | work_style | 2.3 |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 2.2 |
| Cautiousness | work_style | 2.03 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 1.92 |
| Transportation/Machine Operation | specific_interest_area | 1.56 |
| Physical Science | specific_interest_area | 1.44 |
| Artistic | career_interest_type | 1.31 |
| Stress Tolerance | work_style | 1.24 |
| Accounting | specific_interest_area | 1.2 |
| Mathematics/Statistics | specific_interest_area | 1.15 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 47-2021.00 | role-47-2021-00 | Brickmasons and Blockmasons | Primary-Short |
| 51-9195.00 | role-51-9195-00 | Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic | Primary-Short |
| 47-3011.00 | role-47-3011-00 | Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters | Primary-Short |
| 51-4071.00 | role-51-4071-00 | Foundry Mold and Coremakers | Primary-Short |
| 47-2053.00 | role-47-2053-00 | Terrazzo Workers and Finishers | Primary-Short |
| 51-4191.00 | role-51-4191-00 | Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic | Primary-Long |
| 47-2051.00 | role-47-2051-00 | Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers | Primary-Long |
| 51-4051.00 | role-51-4051-00 | Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders | Primary-Long |
| 51-2041.00 | role-51-2041-00 | Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters | Primary-Long |
| 47-2011.00 | role-47-2011-00 | Boilermakers | Primary-Long |
| 51-4052.00 | role-51-4052-00 | Pourers and Casters, Metal | Supplemental |
| 47-2131.00 | role-47-2131-00 | Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Construction | construction |

## Education Level

- **Category:** High school diploma or equivalent

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians | mechanic-and-repair-technologies-technicians |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 58540
- **Mean Wage:** 61480
- **Pct10Wage:** 37050
- **Pct25Wage:** 48380
- **Pct75Wage:** 73940
- **Pct90Wage:** 81440
- **Employment:** 1100
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 630 | 52630 | 6.92 |
| 23 | 23 | Construction | Sector | 280 | 62170 | 4.83 |
| 238140 | 238140 | Masonry Contractors | National industry | 140 | 65060 | 136.66 |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector |  | 76880 |  |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 238140 | 238140 | Masonry Contractors | National industry | 140 | 136.66 |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 630 | 6.92 |
| 23 | 23 | Construction | Sector | 280 | 4.83 |
- **Count:** 4

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.82 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | -1.237463 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | -1.133563 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | -1.208758 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 13
- **Percentile:** 9
- **Band:** Low
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 9 | felten_aioe |
| 3 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 27 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | -1.237463 | 9 | Low | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0 | 3 | Low | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.09234153871351017 | 27 | Low | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.82
- **Percentile:** 66
- **Band:** Moderate
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** no

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0
- **Beta:** 0
- **Gamma:** 0

### Usage Tasks


### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** -16.9
- **Growth Percentile:** 2
- **Direction:** Declining
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 0.1
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 1
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 1.1
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 0.9

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 10
- **Skills:** 38
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 7
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 75510e1014ab9705