entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-47-5044-00"
socCode = "47-5044.00"
title = "Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining"
summary = "Operate underground loading or moving machine to load or move coal, ore, or rock using shuttle or mine car or conveyors. Equipment may include power shovels, hoisting engines equipped with cable-drawn scraper or scoop, or machines equipped with gathering arms and conveyor."
aliases = ["Load Haul Dump Operator (LHD Operator)", "Loader Operator", "Loading Machine Operator", "Shuttle Car Operator", "Coal Hauler Operator", "Equipment Operator", "Miner Operator", "Production Miner", "Ram Car Operator", "Underground Miner", "Buggy Driver", "Buggy Man"]
emergingTasks = []
studyPrograms = []
aiSignals = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 52.59

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 39.96

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 6.15

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 1.3

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 68860
meanWage = 68470
pct10Wage = 48310
pct25Wage = 59130
pct75Wage = 76820
pct90Wage = 82900
employment = 6130
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 5

[[industries.top]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5650
medianWage = 70800
lq = 247.81

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 150
medianWage = 47760
lq = 0.46

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 100
medianWage = 46840
lq = 0.2

[[industries.top]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 94010

[[industries.top]]
naics = "221112"
slug = "221112"
title = "Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation"
level = "National industry"
medianWage = 94010

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5650
lq = 247.81

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 150
lq = 0.46

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 100
lq = 0.2

[aiOutlook]
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 8
percentile = 4
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 2

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 5
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 10
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.023255813953488372
beta = 0.023255813953488372
gamma = 0.023255813953488372

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -22.3
growthPercentile = 1
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.5
annualOpeningsPercentile = 7
employment2024Thousands = 6.4
employment2034Thousands = 5

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.023255813953488372
percentile = 5
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.04800691750435342
percentile = 10
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 25
skills = 37
capabilities = 120
tools = 9
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "020a258fee97361e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Handle high voltage sources and hang electrical cables."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.t"

[[tasks]]
text = "Drive loaded shuttle cars to ramps and move controls to discharge loads into mine cars or onto conveyors."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Pry off loose material from roofs and move it into the paths of machines, using crowbars."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Move trailing electrical cables clear of obstructions, using rubber safety gloves."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[tasks]]
text = "Stop gathering arms when cars are full."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Control conveyors that run the entire length of shuttle cars to distribute loads as loading progresses."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Examine roadway and clear obstructions from the path of travel."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Observe hand signals, grade stakes, or other markings when operating machines."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.1.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Drive machines into piles of material blasted from working faces."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Operate levers to move conveyor booms or shovels so that mine contents such as coal, rock, and ore can be placed into cars or onto conveyors."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Move mine cars into position for loading and unloading, using pinchbars inserted under car wheels to position cars under loading spouts."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[tasks]]
text = "Advance machines to gather material and convey it into cars."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove debris or damaged materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Move materials, equipment, or supplies."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Position material handling equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate excavation equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate conveyors or other industrial material moving equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean machinery or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain material moving equipment in good working condition."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Signal others to coordinate vehicle movement."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Record operational or production data."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect equipment or facilities to determine condition or maintenance needs."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean equipment or supplies."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Perform manual service or maintenance tasks."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Direct material handling or moving activities."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate vehicles or material-moving equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove debris from work sites."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate locomotives or other rail vehicles."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Install electrical components, equipment, or systems."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.t"

[[activities]]
name = "Connect cables or electrical lines."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ah"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure product or material dimensions."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Weigh materials to ensure compliance with specifications."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Verify information or specifications."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor loading processes to ensure they are performed properly."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Review work orders or schedules to determine operations or procedures."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Communicate with others to coordinate material handling or movement."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.c"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.28

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Rate Control"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Troubleshooting"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Sharing"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Depth Perception"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.04

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Auditory Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visual Color Discrimination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Industrial Control Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Automated systems software"
category = "Industrial control software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Inventory management systems"
category = "Inventory management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Maintenance management software"
category = "Facilities management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Mine maintenance software"
category = "Facilities management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Work time accounting software"
category = "Time accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 4.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 4.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 4.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Whole Body Vibration"
value = 4.33

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment"
value = 4.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 4.11

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 4.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.58

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.46

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.4

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.35

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 3.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 3.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.65

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 2.53

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 2.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.22

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.14

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.3

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.7

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.54

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.28

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.1

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.86

[[personFit]]
name = "Perseverance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.49

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.37

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.22

[[personFit]]
name = "Self-Control"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.19

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.1

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7051.00"
slug = "role-53-7051-00"
title = "Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5022.00"
slug = "role-47-5022-00"
title = "Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5041.00"
slug = "role-47-5041-00"
title = "Continuous Mining Machine Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7041.00"
slug = "role-53-7041-00"
title = "Hoist and Winch Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7121.00"
slug = "role-53-7121-00"
title = "Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2073.00"
slug = "role-47-2073-00"
title = "Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7021.00"
slug = "role-53-7021-00"
title = "Crane and Tower Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2072.00"
slug = "role-47-2072-00"
title = "Pile Driver Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9043.00"
slug = "role-49-9043-00"
title = "Maintenance Workers, Machinery"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7062.00"
slug = "role-53-7062-00"
title = "Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-3031.00"
slug = "role-49-3031-00"
title = "Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7011.00"
slug = "role-53-7011-00"
title = "Conveyor Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Energy & Natural Resources"
slug = "energy-natural-resources"
