entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-47-5041-00"
socCode = "47-5041.00"
title = "Continuous Mining Machine Operators"
summary = "Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors, shuttle cars, or trucks in a continuous operation."
aliases = ["Continuous Miner Operator (CMO)", "Continuous Mining Machine Operator", "Continuous Mining Operator (CMO)", "Miner Operator", "Bore Miner Operator", "Continuous Miner", "Heavy Equipment Operator", "Loader Operator", "Mine Technician", "Mine Utility Operator", "Bulldozer Operator", "Concrete Crusher Loader Operator"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 81.27

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 9.64

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 5.13

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 3.96

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 63380
meanWage = 63920
pct10Wage = 41450
pct25Wage = 50850
pct75Wage = 76850
pct90Wage = 84420
employment = 14340
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 4

[[industries.top]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 13530
medianWage = 64690
lq = 253.67

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 400
medianWage = 37150
lq = 0.58

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 53590

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 62720

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 13530
lq = 253.67

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 400
lq = 0.58

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 8
percentile = 4
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 12
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 8
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.54
percentile = 48
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0
gamma = 0

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 0.6
growthPercentile = 29
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 1.6
annualOpeningsPercentile = 23
employment2024Thousands = 14.9
employment2034Thousands = 15

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.165492
percentile = 12
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.04397853787716935
percentile = 8
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 15
skills = 36
capabilities = 120
tools = 8
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "d2d9d5c8f349e8a1"

[[tasks]]
text = "Hang ventilation tubing and ventilation curtains to ensure that the mining face area is kept properly ventilated."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[tasks]]
text = "Conduct methane gas checks to ensure breathing quality of air."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.k"

[[tasks]]
text = "Check the stability of roof and rib support systems before mining face areas."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Operate mining machines to gather coal and convey it to floors or shuttle cars."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Drive machines into position at working faces."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Move controls to start and regulate movement of conveyors and to start and position drill cutters or torches."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Reposition machines to make additional holes or cuts."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[tasks]]
text = "Determine locations, boundaries, and depths of holes or channels to be cut."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Install casings to prevent cave-ins."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Observe and listen to equipment operation to detect binding or stoppage of tools or other equipment malfunctions."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Scrape or wash conveyors, using belt scrapers or belt washers, to minimize dust production."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Move levers to raise and lower hydraulic safety bars supporting roofs above machines until other workers complete framing."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate mining equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Determine appropriate locations for operations or installations."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Position construction or extraction equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor extraction operations."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain extraction or excavation equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Install safety or support equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Direct construction or extraction personnel."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply new technologies to improve work processes."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean equipment or facilities."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Position safety or support equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[activities]]
name = "Test air quality at work sites."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect completed work to ensure proper installation."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.f"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.94

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.71

[[capabilities]]
name = "Rate Control"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Depth Perception"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Hearing Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Law and Government"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.37

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Troubleshooting"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Repairing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Response Orientation"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Sharing"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Minitab"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Fleet monitoring system software"
category = "Mobile location based services software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Hitachi ZXLink"
category = "Mobile location based services software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Leica Geosystems FMS"
category = "Mobile location based services software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Minitab"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 4.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 4.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 4.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.11

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.02

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 3.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Whole Body Vibration"
value = 3.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 3.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.4

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.37

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.37

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.35

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 3.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.11

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.94

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 2.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 2.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 2.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance"
value = 2.44

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.97

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.22

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.82

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.05

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.07

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.5

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.5

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.06

[[personFit]]
name = "Perseverance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.9

[[personFit]]
name = "Self-Control"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.6

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.54

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.34

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.28

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2073.00"
slug = "role-47-2073-00"
title = "Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5022.00"
slug = "role-47-5022-00"
title = "Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5081.00"
slug = "role-47-5081-00"
title = "Helpers--Extraction Workers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5023.00"
slug = "role-47-5023-00"
title = "Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5044.00"
slug = "role-47-5044-00"
title = "Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5012.00"
slug = "role-47-5012-00"
title = "Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-3042.00"
slug = "role-49-3042-00"
title = "Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9043.00"
slug = "role-49-9043-00"
title = "Maintenance Workers, Machinery"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7021.00"
slug = "role-53-7021-00"
title = "Crane and Tower Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9041.00"
slug = "role-49-9041-00"
title = "Industrial Machinery Mechanics"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2072.00"
slug = "role-47-2072-00"
title = "Pile Driver Operators"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7041.00"
slug = "role-53-7041-00"
title = "Hoist and Winch Operators"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Construction"
slug = "construction"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Energy & Natural Resources"
slug = "energy-natural-resources"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Transportation and Materials Moving"
slug = "transportation-and-materials-moving"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.54
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.165492
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.600429
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.355229
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
