{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-47-5022-00",
  "socCode": "47-5022.00",
  "title": "Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining",
  "summary": "Operate or tend machinery at surface mining site, equipped with scoops, shovels, or buckets to excavate and load loose materials.",
  "aliases": [
    "Dragline Oiler",
    "Dragline Operator",
    "Heavy Equipment Operator",
    "Loader Operator",
    "Backhoe Operator",
    "Equipment Operator",
    "Excavator Operator",
    "Pit Operator",
    "Track Hoe Operator",
    "Aerial Tram Operator",
    "Air Shovel Operator",
    "Back Digger Operator"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Move levers, depress foot pedals, and turn dials to operate power machinery, such as power shovels, stripping shovels, scraper loaders, or backhoes.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Set up or inspect equipment prior to operation.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.g"
    },
    {
      "text": "Become familiar with digging plans, machine capabilities and limitations, and efficient and safe digging procedures in a given application.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Observe hand signals, grade stakes, or other markings when operating machines so that work can be performed to specifications.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Operate machinery to perform activities such as backfilling excavations, vibrating or breaking rock or concrete, or making winter roads.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Receive written or oral instructions regarding material movement or excavation.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.2.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Direct workers engaged in placing blocks or outriggers to prevent capsizing of machines when lifting heavy loads.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    },
    {
      "text": "Move materials over short distances, such as around a construction site, factory, or warehouse.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.j"
    },
    {
      "text": "Measure and verify levels of rock or gravel, bases, or other excavated material.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Create or maintain inclines or ramps.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Lubricate, adjust, or repair machinery and replace parts, such as gears, bearings, or bucket teeth.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.4.e"
    },
    {
      "text": "Direct ground workers engaged in activities such as moving stakes or markers, or changing positions of towers.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Operate excavation equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inspect material-moving equipment to detect problems.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Signal others to coordinate vehicle movement.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain professional knowledge or certifications.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain material moving equipment in good working condition.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.4.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Move materials, equipment, or supplies.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Measure product or material dimensions.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Verify information or specifications.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Receive information or instructions for performing work assignments.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.2.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shovel materials.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Direct material handling or moving activities.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Assemble temporary equipment or structures.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain work equipment or machinery.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.5.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Clean facilities or work areas.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.c"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Operation and Control",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 4.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Control Precision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Multilimb Coordination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Manual Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Reaction Time",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Arm-Hand Steadiness",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Response Orientation",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Rate Control",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Far Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Operations Monitoring",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Spatial Orientation",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Auditory Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Peripheral Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Hearing Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanical",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.24
    },
    {
      "name": "Building and Construction",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.17
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitoring",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Persuasion",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Troubleshooting",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Repairing",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Word",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Windows",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft PowerPoint",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Excel",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Email Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Installation",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geography",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Presentation Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Industrial Control Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Excel",
      "category": "Spreadsheet software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Office software",
      "category": "Office suite software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft PowerPoint",
      "category": "Presentation software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Windows",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Word",
      "category": "Word processing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Email software",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Google Gmail",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Machine control systems",
      "category": "Industrial control software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Machine monitoring software",
      "category": "Industrial control software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets",
      "value": 4.94
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 4.72
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.51
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 4.47
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 4.4
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Whole Body Vibration",
      "value": 4.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Contaminants",
      "value": 4.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 4.13
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions",
      "value": 4.1
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 4.1
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment",
      "value": 4.07
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 4.06
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment",
      "value": 4.04
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 4.04
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Sitting",
      "value": 4.04
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 4.01
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 3.9
    },
    {
      "name": "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment",
      "value": 3.9
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 3.8
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 3.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures",
      "value": 3.71
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment",
      "value": 3.66
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 3.63
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 3.6
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 3.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 3.4
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 3.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 3.26
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings",
      "value": 3.06
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions",
      "value": 2.93
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 2.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions",
      "value": 2.56
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body",
      "value": 2.49
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to High Places",
      "value": 2.47
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People",
      "value": 2.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 2.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 2.35
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 2.31
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "2",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.",
    "experience": "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.",
    "svpRange": "(Below 6.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 71.12
      },
      {
        "label": "Less than a High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 23.17
      },
      {
        "label": "Post-Secondary Certificate",
        "percentage": 5.71
      }
    ]
  },
  "personFit": [
    {
      "name": "Realistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 7
    },
    {
      "name": "Transportation/Machine Operation",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 6.18
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical/Manual Labor",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 4.93
    },
    {
      "name": "Conventional",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 3.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanics/Electronics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 3.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Engineering",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.81
    },
    {
      "name": "Dependability",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.44
    },
    {
      "name": "Investigative",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 2.4
    },
    {
      "name": "Cautiousness",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Construction/Woodwork",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.02
    },
    {
      "name": "Nature/Outdoors",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.81
    },
    {
      "name": "Attention to Detail",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.57
    },
    {
      "name": "Stress Tolerance",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Management/Administration",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Agriculture",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.13
    },
    {
      "name": "Accounting",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.13
    }
  ],
  "relatedRoles": [
    {
      "socCode": "47-2073.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2073-00",
      "title": "Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2061.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2061-00",
      "title": "Construction Laborers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "53-7041.00",
      "slug": "role-53-7041-00",
      "title": "Hoist and Winch Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-5041.00",
      "slug": "role-47-5041-00",
      "title": "Continuous Mining Machine Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "49-3042.00",
      "slug": "role-49-3042-00",
      "title": "Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "53-7021.00",
      "slug": "role-53-7021-00",
      "title": "Crane and Tower Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "53-7051.00",
      "slug": "role-53-7051-00",
      "title": "Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-5044.00",
      "slug": "role-47-5044-00",
      "title": "Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2072.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2072-00",
      "title": "Pile Driver Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-5023.00",
      "slug": "role-47-5023-00",
      "title": "Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-5081.00",
      "slug": "role-47-5081-00",
      "title": "Helpers--Extraction Workers",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2071.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2071-00",
      "title": "Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    }
  ],
  "careerClusters": [
    {
      "cluster": "Construction",
      "slug": "construction"
    },
    {
      "cluster": "Energy & Natural Resources",
      "slug": "energy-natural-resources"
    }
  ],
  "educationLevel": {
    "category": "High school diploma or equivalent",
    "slug": "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"
  },
  "studyPrograms": [
    {
      "title": "Transportation and Materials Moving",
      "slug": "transportation-and-materials-moving"
    }
  ],
  "market": {
    "medianWage": 52550,
    "meanWage": 57860,
    "pct10Wage": 39650,
    "pct25Wage": 46290,
    "pct75Wage": 63630,
    "pct90Wage": 80970,
    "employment": 34210,
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        "note": "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."
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    "usageRelease": "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2",
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      "annualOpeningsThousands": 3.1,
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      "employment2034Thousands": 35.6
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    "sources": [
      {
        "source": "bls_employment_projections",
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      {
        "source": "microsoft_working_with_ai",
        "version": "working-with-ai"
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      {
        "source": "openai_gpts_are_gpts",
        "version": "gpts-are-gpts"
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    "skills": 39,
    "capabilities": 120,
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    "relatedRoles": 20
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  "source": {
    "dataset": "gold.onet_role_starter_surface",
    "version": "30.3",
    "generatedAt": "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00",
    "contentHash": "b12b55e7027ab2b6"
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}
