entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-47-3016-00"
socCode = "47-3016.00"
title = "Helpers--Roofers"
summary = "Help roofers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment."
aliases = ["Roofer Helper", "Commercial Roofing Helper", "Commercial Roofing Laborer", "Hot Tar Roofer Helper", "Industrial Roofer Helper", "Residential Roofer Helper", "Roofer Apprentice", "Roofer Assistant", "Roofing Helper", "Rooftop Loader", "Shingles Roofer Helper", "Slate Roofer Helper"]
emergingTasks = []
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 32.7

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Doctoral Training"
percentage = 16.01

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 7.91

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 40590
meanWage = 42070
pct10Wage = 27780
pct25Wage = 34800
pct75Wage = 47570
pct90Wage = 55310
employment = 5170
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 3

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5080
medianWage = 40590
lq = 18.65

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238160"
slug = "238160"
title = "Roofing Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 4890
medianWage = 40590
lq = 586.84

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 42670

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238160"
slug = "238160"
title = "Roofing Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 4890
lq = 586.84

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5080
lq = 18.65

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 2
percentile = 0
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 1
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 2
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.72
percentile = 59
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0
gamma = 0

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 5.7
growthPercentile = 79
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.6
annualOpeningsPercentile = 9
employment2024Thousands = 5.2
employment2034Thousands = 5.5

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.89822
percentile = 1
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.010366999563014354
percentile = 2
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 18
skills = 32
capabilities = 120
tools = 12
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "fadabb90e5f3d5bb"

[[tasks]]
text = "Check to ensure that completed roofs are watertight."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sweep and clean roofs to prepare them for the application of new roofing materials."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Locate worn or torn areas in roofs."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Clean work areas and equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Maintain tools and equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Cover roofs with layers of roofing felt or asphalt strips before installing tile, slate, or composition materials."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove old roofing materials."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Unload materials and tools from work trucks, and unroll roofing as directed."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Set ladders, scaffolds, and hoists in place for taking supplies to roofs."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Place tiles, nail them to roof boards, and cover nailheads with roofing cement."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide assistance to skilled roofers installing and repairing roofs, flashings, and surfaces."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Attach roofing paper and composition shingles, using nails."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect completed work to ensure proper installation."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean surfaces in preparation for work activities."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Locate equipment or materials in need of repair or replacement."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean work sites."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean equipment or facilities."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain construction tools or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Install roofing materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Assemble temporary equipment or structures."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply sealants or other protective coatings."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ag"

[[activities]]
name = "Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Move construction or extraction materials to locations where they are needed."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Spread sand, dirt or other loose materials onto surfaces."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.a"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Building and Construction"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.85

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Equilibrium"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.39

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Transportation"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.29

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.28

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Depth Perception"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.01

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Stamina"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Quality Control Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speed of Limb Movement"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Project Management Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "AppliCad Roof Wizard"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "DigiTools Roof CAD"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Energy cost evaluation software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Exele TopView"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Humidity and vapor drive calculation software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Insight Direct ServiceCEO"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Maintenance record software"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Roof Pro Estimate Software Roof Pro"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Roofing Calculator"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "RoofLogic"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Wintac Pro"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Ziatek RoofDraw"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 4.51

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 4.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.35

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.33

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 3.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 3.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.66

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 3.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 3.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.17

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Radiation"
value = 3.02

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 3.02

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 3.01

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 2.97

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 2.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 2.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 2.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 2.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 2.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles"
value = 2.7

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.95

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.53

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.67

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.18

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.11

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.96

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.57

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.5

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.41

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.41

[[personFit]]
name = "Cooperation"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.26

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Nature/Outdoors"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.15

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2181.00"
slug = "role-47-2181-00"
title = "Roofers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3014.00"
slug = "role-47-3014-00"
title = "Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3015.00"
slug = "role-47-3015-00"
title = "Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3011.00"
slug = "role-47-3011-00"
title = "Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3012.00"
slug = "role-47-3012-00"
title = "Helpers--Carpenters"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2161.00"
slug = "role-47-2161-00"
title = "Plasterers and Stucco Masons"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2131.00"
slug = "role-47-2131-00"
title = "Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3013.00"
slug = "role-47-3013-00"
title = "Helpers--Electricians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2081.00"
slug = "role-47-2081-00"
title = "Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2031.00"
slug = "role-47-2031-00"
title = "Carpenters"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2141.00"
slug = "role-47-2141-00"
title = "Painters, Construction and Maintenance"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9098.00"
slug = "role-49-9098-00"
title = "Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Construction"
slug = "construction"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.72
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.89822
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.963525
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.667881
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
