{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-47-2221-00",
  "socCode": "47-2221.00",
  "title": "Structural Iron and Steel Workers",
  "summary": "Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings.",
  "aliases": [
    "Fitter",
    "Iron Worker",
    "Ironworker",
    "Steel Worker",
    "Steel Fabricator",
    "Structural Steel Erector",
    "Tower Hand",
    "Assembler",
    "Awnings Mechanic",
    "Billboard Erector",
    "Billboard Installer",
    "Billboard Mechanic"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Read specifications or blueprints to determine the locations, quantities, or sizes of materials required.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Connect columns, beams, and girders with bolts, following blueprints and instructions from supervisors.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Bolt aligned structural steel members in position for permanent riveting, bolting, or welding into place.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Fasten structural steel members to hoist cables, using chains, cables, or rope.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.h"
    },
    {
      "text": "Verify vertical and horizontal alignment of structural steel members, using plumb bobs, laser equipment, transits, or levels.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Hoist steel beams, girders, or columns into place, using cranes or signaling hoisting equipment operators to lift and position structural steel members.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.h"
    },
    {
      "text": "Cut, bend, or weld steel pieces, using metal shears, torches, or welding equipment.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.l"
    },
    {
      "text": "Erect metal or precast concrete components for structures, such as buildings, bridges, dams, towers, storage tanks, fences, or highway guard rails.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Force structural steel members into final positions, using turnbuckles, crowbars, jacks, or hand tools.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Pull, push, or pry structural steel members into approximate positions for bolting into place.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ao"
    },
    {
      "text": "Unload and position prefabricated steel units for hoisting, as needed.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Drive drift pins through rivet holes to align rivet holes in structural steel members with corresponding holes in previously placed members.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [
    {
      "text": "Assemble or inspect hoisting equipment or rigging, such as cables, pulleys, or hooks, to move heavy equipment or materials."
    },
    {
      "text": "Lift steel beams, girders, or columns using cranes or forklifts, or by signaling hoisting equipment operators to lift or position structural steel members."
    }
  ],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Verify alignment of structures or equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Install metal structural components.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Position structural components.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fabricate parts or components.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.aa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cut metal components for installation.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.l"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weld metal components.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.h"
    },
    {
      "name": "Assemble temporary equipment or structures.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dismantle equipment or temporary structures.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.s"
    },
    {
      "name": "Install insulation in equipment or structures.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Install gauges or controls.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Install electrical components, equipment, or systems.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.t"
    },
    {
      "name": "Position safety or support equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.v"
    },
    {
      "name": "Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Signal equipment operators to indicate proper equipment positioning.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.b"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Building and Construction",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Multilimb Coordination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Static Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Arm-Hand Steadiness",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Manual Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Control Precision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Trunk Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Selective Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Extent Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Gross Body Equilibrium",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanical",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.67
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Operations Monitoring",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Operation and Control",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Dynamic Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Far Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Rate Control",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Reaction Time",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Stamina",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.48
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Auditory Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Safety and Security",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.31
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Hearing Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Response Orientation",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Gross Body Coordination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Clarity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Administration and Management",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.01
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Installation",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geography",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Project Management Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Accounting Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Cost estimating software",
      "category": "Project management software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Inventory tracking software",
      "category": "Inventory management software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Project scheduling software",
      "category": "Project management software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal",
      "category": "Accounting software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets",
      "value": 5
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 4.82
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions",
      "value": 4.8
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 4.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to High Places",
      "value": 4.66
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 4.61
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures",
      "value": 4.53
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 4.47
    },
    {
      "name": "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection",
      "value": 4.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 4.4
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 4.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Contaminants",
      "value": 4.35
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 4.33
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.31
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment",
      "value": 4.3
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 4.24
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings",
      "value": 4.19
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 4.13
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions",
      "value": 4.07
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 4.03
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment",
      "value": 3.92
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions",
      "value": 3.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 3.85
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 3.83
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 3.79
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body",
      "value": 3.72
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 3.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 3.64
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 3.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 3.57
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 3.57
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 3.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions",
      "value": 3.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 3.44
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 3.44
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance",
      "value": 3.4
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 3.37
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Under Cover",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 3.03
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "2",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.",
    "experience": "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.",
    "svpRange": "(Below 6.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 42.11
      },
      {
        "label": "Less than a High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 33.66
      },
      {
        "label": "Post-Secondary Certificate",
        "percentage": 19.21
      },
      {
        "label": "Post-Baccalaureate Certificate",
        "percentage": 5.03
      }
    ]
  },
  "personFit": [
    {
      "name": "Realistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 7
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical/Manual Labor",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 6.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Engineering",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 4.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Conventional",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 3.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Dependability",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Transportation/Machine Operation",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Investigative",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 2.79
    },
    {
      "name": "Cautiousness",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.21
    },
    {
      "name": "Construction/Woodwork",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Attention to Detail",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.11
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanics/Electronics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.96
    },
    {
      "name": "Stress Tolerance",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Perseverance",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics/Statistics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Artistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1.41
    },
    {
      "name": "Achievement Orientation",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.25
    }
  ],
  "relatedRoles": [
    {
      "socCode": "47-2171.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2171-00",
      "title": "Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-2041.00",
      "slug": "role-51-2041-00",
      "title": "Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2211.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2211-00",
      "title": "Sheet Metal Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2031.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2031-00",
      "title": "Carpenters",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "49-9044.00",
      "slug": "role-49-9044-00",
      "title": "Millwrights",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-2011.00",
      "slug": "role-51-2011-00",
      "title": "Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2081.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2081-00",
      "title": "Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-4192.00",
      "slug": "role-51-4192-00",
      "title": "Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2011.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2011-00",
      "title": "Boilermakers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2061.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2061-00",
      "title": "Construction Laborers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2021.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2021-00",
      "title": "Brickmasons and Blockmasons",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2152.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2152-00",
      "title": "Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    }
  ],
  "careerClusters": [
    {
      "cluster": "Construction",
      "slug": "construction"
    }
  ],
  "educationLevel": {
    "category": "High school diploma or equivalent",
    "slug": "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"
  },
  "studyPrograms": [
    {
      "title": "Construction Trades",
      "slug": "construction-trades"
    }
  ],
  "market": {
    "medianWage": 62700,
    "meanWage": 69270,
    "pct10Wage": 42000,
    "pct25Wage": 49090,
    "pct75Wage": 82780,
    "pct90Wage": 107520,
    "employment": 64720,
    "areaTitle": "U.S."
  },
  "industries": {
    "top": [
      {
        "naics": "23",
        "slug": "23",
        "title": "Construction",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 54840,
        "medianWage": 62870,
        "lq": 16.09
      },
      {
        "naics": "31-33",
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