entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-47-2152-00"
socCode = "47-2152.00"
title = "Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters"
summary = "Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinkler fitters."
aliases = ["Pipefitter", "Plumber", "Sprinkler Fitter", "Steamfitter", "Drain Technician", "Fire Sprinkler Service Technician", "Pipe Welder", "Plumbing Installer", "Residential Plumber", "Service Plumber", "Aircraft Hydraulic Equipment Mechanic", "Aircraft Hydraulic Mechanic"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "3"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed"
education = "Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree."
experience = "Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job."
svpRange = "(6.0 to < 7.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 43.26

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 34.84

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 9.34

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 7.94

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 4.63

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 62970
meanWage = 69940
pct10Wage = 40670
pct25Wage = 48860
pct75Wage = 81900
pct90Wage = 105150
employment = 455940
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 35

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 374640
medianWage = 62820
lq = 15.6

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238220"
slug = "238220"
title = "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 326460
medianWage = 62670
lq = 87.17

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 16330
medianWage = 61620
lq = 0.43

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 14610
medianWage = 55560
lq = 0.55

[[industries.top]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9140
medianWage = 79090
lq = 5.33

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6750
medianWage = 64050
lq = 0.17

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238210"
slug = "238210"
title = "Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 6560
medianWage = 65780
lq = 2.07

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 5220
medianWage = 56250
lq = 0.67

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 3290
medianWage = 63300
lq = 0.1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 3220
medianWage = 48270
lq = 0.18

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2760
medianWage = 74990
lq = 0.04

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238290"
slug = "238290"
title = "Other Building Equipment Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 2030
medianWage = 70990
lq = 4.47

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238220"
slug = "238220"
title = "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 326460
lq = 87.17

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 374640
lq = 15.6

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9140
lq = 5.33

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238290"
slug = "238290"
title = "Other Building Equipment Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 2030
lq = 4.47

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238210"
slug = "238210"
title = "Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 6560
lq = 2.07

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "237130"
slug = "237130"
title = "Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction"
level = "National industry"
employment = 1210
lq = 1.75

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "221112"
slug = "221112"
title = "Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation"
level = "National industry"
employment = 270
lq = 1.28

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1180
lq = 0.7

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 18
percentile = 15
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 13
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 21
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 20
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.35
percentile = 41
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.037037037037037035
beta = 0.10185185185185185
gamma = 0.16666666666666666

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 4.5
growthPercentile = 70
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 44
annualOpeningsPercentile = 88
employment2024Thousands = 504.5
employment2034Thousands = 527.2

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.121219
percentile = 13
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.16666666666666666
percentile = 21
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.07431707751346756
percentile = 20
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications."
usagePercent = 0.006265175075695639
importance = 4.07

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures."
usagePercent = 0.0030812336437847413
importance = 4.05

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains."
usagePercent = 0.0026704024912801087
importance = 3.62

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 30
skills = 37
capabilities = 120
tools = 41
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "d837b85fd020d14d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aq"

[[tasks]]
text = "Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ai"

[[tasks]]
text = "Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[tasks]]
text = "Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.o"

[[tasks]]
text = "Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.6.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.i"

[[tasks]]
text = "Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Cut metal components for installation."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Fabricate parts or components."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aa"

[[activities]]
name = "Create construction or installation diagrams."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.o"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect plumbing systems or fixtures."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Plan layout of construction, installation, or repairs."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.6.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Weld metal components."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ai"

[[activities]]
name = "Install plumbing or piping."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aq"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean equipment or facilities."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Select construction materials."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Install gauges or controls."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Record operational or environmental data."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Direct construction or extraction personnel."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Mark reference points on construction materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ao"

[[activities]]
name = "Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Estimate construction project costs."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Estimate construction project labor requirements."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect work sites to determine condition or necessary repairs."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Install green plumbing or water handling systems."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.aq"

[[activities]]
name = "Cut openings in existing structures."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect work sites to identify potential environmental or safety hazards."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate pumps or compressors."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Repair worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove parts or components from equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.s"

[[activities]]
name = "Replace worn, damaged, or defective mechanical parts."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.4.c"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Building and Construction"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.35

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.33

[[capabilities]]
name = "Design"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.76

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.6

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.31

[[capabilities]]
name = "Troubleshooting"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Repairing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Engineering and Technology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.24

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.24

[[capabilities]]
name = "Physics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.23

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Email Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Database Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Project Management Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Accounting Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Intuit QuickBooks"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "AEC Design Group CADPIPE"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Atlas Construction Business Forms"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Autodesk Building Systems"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Bentley Systems AutoPIPE"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Bookkeeping software"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "COADE CAESAR II"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Database software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Drawing and drafting software"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Elite Software DPIPE"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Elite Software FIRE"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Elite Software HSYM"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Elite Software Plumbing CAD"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Elite Software Spipe"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Elite Software Sprinkler CAD"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Email software"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Estimating software"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "FastEST FastPipe"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "FastEST software"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Heat loss calculation software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Horizon Engineering Sigma Plumbing Calculator"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Insight Direct ServiceCEO"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Job costing software"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Klear Estimator"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "KRS Enterprises Service First!"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Maintenance management software"
category = "Facilities management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Pipepro Pipefitting"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Piping construction costs estimation software"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PipingOffice"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PricePoint"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Quicken"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Quote Software QuoteExpress"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Vision InfoSoft Plumbing Bid Manager"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ViziFlow"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Watter Hammer Software Hytran"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Wilhelm Publishing Threshold"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.69

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.54

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 4.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 4.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.11

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.11

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 4.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 3.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 3.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 3.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles"
value = 3.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 3.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 3.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 3.48

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 3.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 3.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 3.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 3.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.11

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 3.04

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.11

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.69

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.05

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.72

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.57

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.19

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.03

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.83

[[personFit]]
name = "Perseverance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.77

[[personFit]]
name = "Management/Administration"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.65

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.62

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.51

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.42

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3015.00"
slug = "role-47-3015-00"
title = "Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2011.00"
slug = "role-47-2011-00"
title = "Boilermakers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2151.00"
slug = "role-47-2151-00"
title = "Pipelayers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9071.00"
slug = "role-49-9071-00"
title = "Maintenance and Repair Workers, General"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-4071.00"
slug = "role-47-4071-00"
title = "Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9012.00"
slug = "role-49-9012-00"
title = "Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9021.00"
slug = "role-49-9021-00"
title = "Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-8021.00"
slug = "role-51-8021-00"
title = "Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2061.00"
slug = "role-47-2061-00"
title = "Construction Laborers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2152.04"
slug = "role-47-2152-04"
title = "Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2111.00"
slug = "role-47-2111-00"
title = "Electricians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3013.00"
slug = "role-47-3013-00"
title = "Helpers--Electricians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Construction"
slug = "construction"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Construction Trades"
slug = "construction-trades"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.35
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.121219
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.7583691
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.119614
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
