{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-47-2151-00",
  "socCode": "47-2151.00",
  "title": "Pipelayers",
  "summary": "Lay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, and water mains. Perform any combination of the following tasks: grade trenches or culverts, position pipe, or seal joints.",
  "aliases": [
    "Pipelayer",
    "Tailman",
    "Cast Iron Drain Pipe Layer",
    "Drain Layer",
    "Drain Tiler",
    "Pipe Assembly Worker",
    "Pipe Caulker",
    "Pipe Connector",
    "Pipe Cutter",
    "Pipe Fitter",
    "Pipe Installer",
    "Pipe Layer"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Grade or level trench bases, using tamping machines or hand tools.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "text": "Dig trenches to desired or required depths, by hand or using trenching tools.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "text": "Cut pipes to required lengths.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.l"
    },
    {
      "text": "Install or use instruments such as lasers, grade rods, or transit levels.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.v"
    },
    {
      "text": "Cover pipes with earth or other materials.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "text": "Connect pipe pieces and seal joints, using welding equipment, cement, or glue.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "text": "Check slopes for conformance to requirements, using levels or lasers.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Install or repair sanitary or stormwater sewer structures or pipe systems.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.aq"
    },
    {
      "text": "Align and position pipes to prepare them for welding or sealing.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.aq"
    },
    {
      "text": "Lay out pipe routes, following written instructions or blueprints and coordinating layouts with supervisors.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ao"
    },
    {
      "text": "Tap and drill holes into pipes to introduce auxiliary lines or devices.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ad"
    },
    {
      "text": "Operate mechanized equipment, such as pickup trucks, rollers, tandem dump trucks, front-end loaders, or backhoes.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.c"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Evaluate projects to determine compliance with technical specifications.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Spread sand, dirt or other loose materials onto surfaces.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apply adhesives to construction materials.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weld metal components.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cut metal components for installation.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.l"
    },
    {
      "name": "Install plumbing or piping.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.aq"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.4.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Position hand tools.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.v"
    },
    {
      "name": "Compact materials to create level bases.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mark reference points on construction materials.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Communicate with other construction or extraction personnel to discuss project details.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.2.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dig holes or trenches.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Operate equipment or vehicles to clear construction sites or move materials.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Drive trucks or truck-mounted equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.4.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Train construction or extraction personnel.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.3.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Direct construction or extraction personnel.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.i"
    },
    {
      "name": "Drill holes in construction materials.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ad"
    },
    {
      "name": "Locate equipment or materials in need of repair or replacement.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.g"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Building and Construction",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.7
    },
    {
      "name": "Arm-Hand Steadiness",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Control Precision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Static Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Operation and Control",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Safety and Security",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.01
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Operations Monitoring",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Quality Control Analysis",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Selective Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Manual Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Multilimb Coordination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Rate Control",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Reaction Time",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Trunk Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Stamina",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Extent Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Clarity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Engineering and Technology",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 2.98
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanical",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 2.98
    },
    {
      "name": "Administration and Management",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 2.92
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Category Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Far Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.88
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Excel",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Installation",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geography",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Excel",
      "category": "Spreadsheet software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Office software",
      "category": "Office suite software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.94
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions",
      "value": 4.9
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 4.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 4.51
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 4.37
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 4.37
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 4.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 4.19
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures",
      "value": 4.17
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 4.11
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 4.06
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 4.03
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 4.03
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body",
      "value": 3.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 3.72
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 3.69
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 3.67
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 3.67
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 3.65
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 3.48
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions",
      "value": 3.42
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Contaminants",
      "value": 3.33
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 3.31
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 3.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment",
      "value": 3.18
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 3.15
    },
    {
      "name": "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment",
      "value": 3.04
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment",
      "value": 3.02
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling",
      "value": 2.89
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Whole Body Vibration",
      "value": 2.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection",
      "value": 2.6
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles",
      "value": 2.57
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment",
      "value": 2.49
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 2.34
    },
    {
      "name": "E-Mail",
      "value": 2.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 2.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 2.26
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "2",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.",
    "experience": "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.",
    "svpRange": "(Below 6.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "Less than a High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 65.4
      },
      {
        "label": "High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 32.88
      },
      {
        "label": "Post-Secondary Certificate",
        "percentage": 1.72
      }
    ]
  },
  "personFit": [
    {
      "name": "Realistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 7
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical/Manual Labor",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 6.63
    },
    {
      "name": "Transportation/Machine Operation",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 4.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Conventional",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 3.54
    },
    {
      "name": "Investigative",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 2.43
    },
    {
      "name": "Engineering",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.3
    },
    {
      "name": "Construction/Woodwork",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Dependability",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Attention to Detail",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanics/Electronics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.84
    },
    {
      "name": "Nature/Outdoors",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Cautiousness",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Perseverance",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.43
    },
    {
      "name": "Social",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1.3
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics/Statistics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.28
    },
    {
      "name": "Management/Administration",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.26
    }
  ],
  "relatedRoles": [
    {
      "socCode": "47-2152.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2152-00",
      "title": "Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-3015.00",
      "slug": "role-47-3015-00",
      "title": "Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2061.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2061-00",
      "title": "Construction Laborers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-4071.00",
      "slug": "role-47-4071-00",
      "title": "Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2131.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2131-00",
      "title": "Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2132.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2132-00",
      "title": "Insulation Workers, Mechanical",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2211.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2211-00",
      "title": "Sheet Metal Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2071.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2071-00",
      "title": "Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2221.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2221-00",
      "title": "Structural Iron and Steel Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2011.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2011-00",
      "title": "Boilermakers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "49-9051.00",
      "slug": "role-49-9051-00",
      "title": "Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "47-2051.00",
      "slug": "role-47-2051-00",
      "title": "Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    }
  ],
  "careerClusters": [
    {
      "cluster": "Construction",
      "slug": "construction"
    }
  ],
  "educationLevel": {
    "category": "No formal educational credential",
    "slug": "no-formal-educational-credential"
  },
  "studyPrograms": [],
  "market": {
    "medianWage": 48710,
    "meanWage": 54270,
    "pct10Wage": 36840,
    "pct25Wage": 42320,
    "pct75Wage": 60980,
    "pct90Wage": 80710,
    "employment": 33580,
    "areaTitle": "U.S."
  },
  "industries": {
    "top": [
      {
        "naics": "23",
        "slug": "23",
        "title": "Construction",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 26610,
        "medianWage": 48620,
        "lq": 15.04
      },
      {
        "naics": "238220",
        "slug": "238220",
        "title": "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 2720,
        "medianWage": 52360,
        "lq": 9.86
      },
      {
        "naics": "22",
        "slug": "22",
        "title": "Utilities",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 580,
        "medianWage": 51710,
        "lq": 4.6
      },
      {
        "naics": "237130",
        "slug": "237130",
        "title": "Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 280,
        "medianWage": 49640,
        "lq": 5.49
      },
      {
        "naics": "42",
        "slug": "42",
        "title": "Wholesale Trade",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 150,
        "medianWage": 61030,
        "lq": 0.11
      },
      {
        "naics": "238290",
        "slug": "238290",
        "title": "Other Building Equipment Contractors",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 130,
        "medianWage": 65340,
        "lq": 3.89
      },
      {
        "naics": "56",
        "slug": "56",
        "title": "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services",
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}
