entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-47-2132-00"
socCode = "47-2132.00"
title = "Insulation Workers, Mechanical"
summary = "Apply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, or other mechanical systems in order to help control and maintain temperature."
aliases = ["Industrial Insulator", "Insulation Mechanic", "Insulator", "Mechanical Insulator", "Commercial Insulator", "Heat and Frost Insulator", "Insulation Installer", "Insulation Worker", "Insulator Journeyman", "Mechanic Insulator", "AC Insulation Installer (Air Conditioning Insulation Installer)", "Blanket Maker"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 71.69

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 20.8

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 7.52

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 57250
meanWage = 63540
pct10Wage = 39450
pct25Wage = 47480
pct75Wage = 75300
pct90Wage = 94110
employment = 25640
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 11

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 23060
medianWage = 56110
lq = 17.07

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238290"
slug = "238290"
title = "Other Building Equipment Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 14240
medianWage = 56600
lq = 557.65

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238310"
slug = "238310"
title = "Drywall and Insulation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 4340
medianWage = 57720
lq = 106.23

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238220"
slug = "238220"
title = "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 2310
medianWage = 52820
lq = 10.97

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 370
medianWage = 77360
lq = 0.25

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238210"
slug = "238210"
title = "Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 210
medianWage = 44960
lq = 1.18

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 90
medianWage = 36700

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 70
medianWage = 67060

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238320"
slug = "238320"
title = "Painting and Wall Covering Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 40
medianWage = 49760

[[industries.top]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 50100

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 57420

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238290"
slug = "238290"
title = "Other Building Equipment Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 14240
lq = 557.65

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238310"
slug = "238310"
title = "Drywall and Insulation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 4340
lq = 106.23

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 23060
lq = 17.07

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238220"
slug = "238220"
title = "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 2310
lq = 10.97

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238210"
slug = "238210"
title = "Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 210
lq = 1.18

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 370
lq = 0.25

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 23
percentile = 21
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 9
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 13
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 46
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.64
percentile = 54
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0.045454545454545456
gamma = 0.09090909090909091

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 4.7
growthPercentile = 72
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 2.3
annualOpeningsPercentile = 31
employment2024Thousands = 27.2
employment2034Thousands = 28.5

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.268615
percentile = 9
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.09090909090909091
percentile = 13
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.13957335923518568
percentile = 46
band = "Moderate"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 9
skills = 32
capabilities = 120
tools = 5
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "1bee955362d1eb43"

[[tasks]]
text = "Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measures, handsaws, knives, and scissors."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Apply, remove, and repair insulation on industrial equipment, pipes, ductwork, or other mechanical systems such as heat exchangers, tanks, and vessels, to help control noise and maintain temperatures."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Select appropriate insulation, such as fiberglass, Styrofoam, or cork, based on the heat retaining or excluding characteristics of the material."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Fit insulation around obstructions, and shape insulating materials and protective coverings as required."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Determine the amounts and types of insulation needed, and methods of installation, based on factors such as location, surface shape, and equipment use."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Cover, seal, or finish insulated surfaces or access holes with plastic covers, canvas strips, sealants, tape, cement, or asphalt mastic."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Install sheet metal around insulated pipes with screws to protect the insulation from weather conditions or physical damage."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Read blueprints and specifications to determine job requirements."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Prepare surfaces for insulation application by brushing or spreading on adhesives, cement, or asphalt, or by attaching metal pins to surfaces."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Cut carpet, vinyl or other flexible materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Install insulation in equipment or structures."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Select construction materials."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Install metal structural components."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply sealants or other protective coatings."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ag"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare surfaces for finishing."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply adhesives to construction materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Building and Construction"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.32

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.09

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.07

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.02

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.87

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.83

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.66

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.66

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Design"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.55

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Sales and Marketing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.34

[[capabilities]]
name = "Personnel and Human Resources"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.32

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Equilibrium"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Transportation"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.08

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Project Management Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "CMSN FieldPAK"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Comput-Ability Mechanical Insulation Key Estimator"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IBM Maximo Asset Management"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "North American Insulation Manufacturers Association NAIMA 3E Plus"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.56

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles"
value = 4.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 3.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 3.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.65

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 3.31

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 3.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 3.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.17

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 3.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.88

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 2.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.85

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 2.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 2.67

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.92

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.11

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.25

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.54

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.88

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.64

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.42

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.14

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.97

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.5

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.48

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.28

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.24

[[personFit]]
name = "Management/Administration"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Human Resources"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.18

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2131.00"
slug = "role-47-2131-00"
title = "Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2081.00"
slug = "role-47-2081-00"
title = "Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2211.00"
slug = "role-47-2211-00"
title = "Sheet Metal Workers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2042.00"
slug = "role-47-2042-00"
title = "Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2151.00"
slug = "role-47-2151-00"
title = "Pipelayers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2181.00"
slug = "role-47-2181-00"
title = "Roofers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2152.04"
slug = "role-47-2152-04"
title = "Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-2041.00"
slug = "role-51-2041-00"
title = "Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2021.00"
slug = "role-47-2021-00"
title = "Brickmasons and Blockmasons"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2152.00"
slug = "role-47-2152-00"
title = "Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-2011.00"
slug = "role-51-2011-00"
title = "Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2161.00"
slug = "role-47-2161-00"
title = "Plasterers and Stucco Masons"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Construction"
slug = "construction"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Construction Trades"
slug = "construction-trades"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.64
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.268615
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.419383
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.079884
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
