entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-47-2082-00"
socCode = "47-2082.00"
title = "Tapers"
summary = "Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering."
aliases = ["Drywall Finisher", "Drywall Taper", "Finisher", "Taper", "Drywall Mechanic", "Sheet Rock Taper", "Spackler", "Wall Taper"]
emergingTasks = []
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 45.73

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 28.99

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 25.28

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 64700
meanWage = 70390
pct10Wage = 43450
pct25Wage = 50780
pct75Wage = 82990
pct90Wage = 106160
employment = 12500
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 5

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 12390
medianWage = 64840
lq = 18.82

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238310"
slug = "238310"
title = "Drywall and Insulation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 9780
medianWage = 63940
lq = 491.03

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238320"
slug = "238320"
title = "Painting and Wall Covering Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 620
medianWage = 46400
lq = 37

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 70
medianWage = 46300

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238140"
slug = "238140"
title = "Masonry Contractors"
level = "National industry"
medianWage = 63060

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238310"
slug = "238310"
title = "Drywall and Insulation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 9780
lq = 491.03

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238320"
slug = "238320"
title = "Painting and Wall Covering Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 620
lq = 37

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 12390
lq = 18.82

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 6
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 5
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 10
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.62
percentile = 53
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0
gamma = 0

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 0.1
growthPercentile = 27
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 1.1
annualOpeningsPercentile = 17
employment2024Thousands = 15.6
employment2034Thousands = 15.6

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.540774
percentile = 5
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.05015068682058871
percentile = 10
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 16
skills = 34
capabilities = 120
tools = 8
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "a1fd8730c4e7c458"

[[tasks]]
text = "Spread sealing compound between boards or panels or over cracks, holes, nail heads, or screw heads, using trowels, broadknives, or spatulas."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ag"

[[tasks]]
text = "Press paper tape over joints to embed tape into sealing compound and to seal joints."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ag"

[[tasks]]
text = "Apply additional coats to fill in holes and make surfaces smooth."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.am"

[[tasks]]
text = "Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surfaces for painting or papering."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.am"

[[tasks]]
text = "Spread and smooth cementing material over tape, using trowels or floating machines to blend joints with wall surfaces."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sand or patch nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.o"

[[tasks]]
text = "Mix sealing compounds by hand or with portable electric mixers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Work on high ceilings, using scaffolding or other tools, such as stilts."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.n"

[[tasks]]
text = "Select the correct sealing compound or tape."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Countersink nails or screws below surfaces of walls before applying sealing compounds, using hammers or screwdrivers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ad"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove extra compound after surfaces have been covered sufficiently."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Install metal molding at wall corners to secure wallboard."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove excess materials from finished construction projects."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply sealants or other protective coatings."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ag"

[[activities]]
name = "Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply adhesives to construction materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.am"

[[activities]]
name = "Smooth surfaces with abrasive materials or tools."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.o"

[[activities]]
name = "Install metal structural components."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Drill holes in construction materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ad"

[[activities]]
name = "Select construction materials."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare surfaces for finishing."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Evaluate quality of materials or products."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Climb equipment or structures to access work areas."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.n"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Building and Construction"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.03

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Stamina"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.64

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Equilibrium"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.53

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.48

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visual Color Discrimination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.35

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Dynamics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Project Management Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Accounting Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Intuit QuickBooks"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Applied Computer Systems JOBPOWER"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Construction Software Center EasyEst"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "DevWave Estimate Works"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Dynamics"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "On Center Quick Bid"
category = "Project management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 4.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to High Places"
value = 3.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 3.66

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.63

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 3.33

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 3.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles"
value = 3.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 2.87

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 2.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 2.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 2.54

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance"
value = 2.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 2.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 2.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 2.3

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.49

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.87

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.44

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.99

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.25

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.98

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.73

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.64

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.45

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.41

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.41

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.23

[[personFit]]
name = "Applied Arts and Design"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Visual Arts"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.13

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.1

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.08

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2081.00"
slug = "role-47-2081-00"
title = "Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2131.00"
slug = "role-47-2131-00"
title = "Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2051.00"
slug = "role-47-2051-00"
title = "Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2161.00"
slug = "role-47-2161-00"
title = "Plasterers and Stucco Masons"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2132.00"
slug = "role-47-2132-00"
title = "Insulation Workers, Mechanical"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2181.00"
slug = "role-47-2181-00"
title = "Roofers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2061.00"
slug = "role-47-2061-00"
title = "Construction Laborers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2021.00"
slug = "role-47-2021-00"
title = "Brickmasons and Blockmasons"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2042.00"
slug = "role-47-2042-00"
title = "Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2044.00"
slug = "role-47-2044-00"
title = "Tile and Stone Setters"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2171.00"
slug = "role-47-2171-00"
title = "Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-3011.00"
slug = "role-47-3011-00"
title = "Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Construction"
slug = "construction"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.62
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.540774
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.505167
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.344603
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
