entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-47-2073-00"
socCode = "47-2073.00"
title = "Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators"
summary = "Operate one or several types of power construction equipment, such as motor graders, bulldozers, scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks, shovels, tractors, or front-end loaders to excavate, move, and grade earth, erect structures, or pour concrete or other hard surface pavement. May repair and maintain equipment in addition to other duties."
aliases = ["Equipment Operator (EO)", "Heavy Equipment Operator (HEO)", "Machine Operator", "Operating Engineer", "Back Hoe Operator", "Engineering Equipment Operator", "Forklift Operator", "Hot Mix Asphalt Operator", "Motor Grader Operator", "Track Hoe Operator", "Angle Dozer Operator", "Asphalt Roller Operator"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 1.39

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 0.55

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 58710
meanWage = 65180
pct10Wage = 40080
pct25Wage = 47780
pct75Wage = 75750
pct90Wage = 100690
employment = 469270
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 36

[[industries.top]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 295700
medianWage = 60950
lq = 11.96

[[industries.top]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 26430
medianWage = 57840
lq = 15.14

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 25950
medianWage = 51080
lq = 0.94

[[industries.top]]
naics = "237130"
slug = "237130"
title = "Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction"
level = "National industry"
employment = 16380
medianWage = 59840
lq = 22.98

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9760
medianWage = 51950
lq = 0.25

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 7780
medianWage = 47260
lq = 0.42

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238110"
slug = "238110"
title = "Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 7770
medianWage = 71520
lq = 9.87

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6090
medianWage = 53930
lq = 0.27

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 5020
medianWage = 44630
lq = 0.62

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561730"
slug = "561730"
title = "Landscaping Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 5020
medianWage = 52650
lq = 1.8

[[industries.top]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4020
medianWage = 81040
lq = 2.28

[[industries.top]]
naics = "238210"
slug = "238210"
title = "Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 3500
medianWage = 65890
lq = 1.07

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "237130"
slug = "237130"
title = "Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction"
level = "National industry"
employment = 16380
lq = 22.98

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "21"
slug = "21"
title = "Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 26430
lq = 15.14

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "23"
slug = "23"
title = "Construction"
level = "Sector"
employment = 295700
lq = 11.96

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238110"
slug = "238110"
title = "Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 7770
lq = 9.87

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "221114"
slug = "221114"
title = "Solar Electric Power Generation"
level = "National industry"
employment = 280
lq = 6.59

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "221112"
slug = "221112"
title = "Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation"
level = "National industry"
employment = 690
lq = 3.18

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "238140"
slug = "238140"
title = "Masonry Contractors"
level = "National industry"
employment = 1180
lq = 2.7

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4020
lq = 2.28

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 20
percentile = 17
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 22
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 9
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 30
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.95
percentile = 89
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.043478260869565216
beta = 0.05434782608695652
gamma = 0.06521739130434782

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 3.6
growthPercentile = 59
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 41.9
annualOpeningsPercentile = 88
employment2024Thousands = 489.3
employment2034Thousands = 507.1

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -0.8815078
percentile = 22
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.06521739130434782
percentile = 9
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.09775787528854832
percentile = 30
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 26
skills = 34
capabilities = 120
tools = 6
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "f56b0cbf26eade91"

[[tasks]]
text = "Learn and follow safety regulations."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Take actions to avoid potential hazards or obstructions, such as utility lines, other equipment, other workers, or falling objects."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[tasks]]
text = "Check fuel supplies at sites to ensure adequate availability."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Start engines, move throttles, switches, or levers, or depress pedals to operate machines, such as bulldozers, trench excavators, road graders, or backhoes."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Coordinate machine actions with other activities, positioning or moving loads in response to hand or audio signals from crew members."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Locate underground services, such as pipes or wires, prior to beginning work."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Align machines, cutterheads, or depth gauge makers with reference stakes and guidelines or ground or position equipment, following hand signals of other workers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[tasks]]
text = "Signal operators to guide movement of tractor-drawn machines."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.1.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Repair and maintain equipment, making emergency adjustments or assisting with major repairs as necessary."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Load and move dirt, rocks, equipment, or other materials, using trucks, crawler tractors, power cranes, shovels, graders, or related equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Drive and maneuver equipment equipped with blades in successive passes over working areas to remove topsoil, vegetation, or rocks or to distribute and level earth or terrain."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Operate tractors or bulldozers to perform such tasks as clearing land, mixing sludge, trimming backfills, or building roadways or parking lots."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Update job related knowledge or skills."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Position construction or extraction equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.v"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate heavy-duty construction or installation equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate equipment or vehicles to clear construction sites or move materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Locate equipment or materials in need of repair or replacement."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor construction operations."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Move construction or extraction materials to locations where they are needed."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain construction tools or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Install equipment attachments or components."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.at"

[[activities]]
name = "Select construction equipment."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Test air quality at work sites."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Compact materials to create level bases."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Communicate with clients about products, procedures, and policies."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Signal equipment operators to indicate proper equipment positioning."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate road-surfacing equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Record operational or environmental data."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Drive trucks or truck-mounted equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate pumps or compressors."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove debris or vegetation from work sites."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Depth Perception"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.56

[[capabilities]]
name = "Rate Control"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reaction Time"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.33

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Response Orientation"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.13

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Troubleshooting"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Sharing"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visual Color Discrimination"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Hearing Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Auditory Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Maintenance record software"
category = "Facilities management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Work record software"
category = "Time accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 4.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 4.69

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.65

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.65

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 4.56

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 4.51

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 4.37

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment"
value = 4.35

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.33

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.04

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 4.01

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.01

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Whole Body Vibration"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.63

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 3.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 3.36

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 2.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 2.74

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 2.41

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.51

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.07

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.88

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.69

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.64

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.93

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.5

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.44

[[personFit]]
name = "Nature/Outdoors"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Stress Tolerance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.8

[[personFit]]
name = "Perseverance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.54

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.47

[[personFit]]
name = "Management/Administration"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.32

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5022.00"
slug = "role-47-5022-00"
title = "Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7041.00"
slug = "role-53-7041-00"
title = "Hoist and Winch Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-3042.00"
slug = "role-49-3042-00"
title = "Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5041.00"
slug = "role-47-5041-00"
title = "Continuous Mining Machine Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7051.00"
slug = "role-53-7051-00"
title = "Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7021.00"
slug = "role-53-7021-00"
title = "Crane and Tower Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2071.00"
slug = "role-47-2071-00"
title = "Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2072.00"
slug = "role-47-2072-00"
title = "Pile Driver Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-2061.00"
slug = "role-47-2061-00"
title = "Construction Laborers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "49-9044.00"
slug = "role-49-9044-00"
title = "Millwrights"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5081.00"
slug = "role-47-5081-00"
title = "Helpers--Extraction Workers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "47-5023.00"
slug = "role-47-5023-00"
title = "Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Construction"
slug = "construction"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Transportation and Materials Moving"
slug = "transportation-and-materials-moving"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.95
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -0.8815078
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.0701881
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.173767
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
