entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-43-9051-00"
socCode = "43-9051.00"
title = "Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service"
summary = "Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution. Time-stamp, open, read, sort, and route incoming mail; and address, seal, stamp, fold, stuff, and affix postage to outgoing mail or packages. Duties may also include keeping necessary records and completed forms."
aliases = ["Mail Clerk", "Mail Handler", "Mail Machine Operator", "Postal Clerk", "Insert Operator", "Inserter Operator", "Mail Processor", "Mail Reader", "Mail Sorter", "Addressing Machine Operator", "Addressograph Operator", "Advertising Inserter"]
emergingTasks = []
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 6.17

[educationLevel]
category = "High school diploma or equivalent"
slug = "high-school-diploma-or-equivalent"

[market]
medianWage = 38150
meanWage = 40200
pct10Wage = 29460
pct25Wage = 34440
pct75Wage = 44940
pct90Wage = 52150
employment = 62730
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 26

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 19790
medianWage = 36680
lq = 5.39

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 8440
medianWage = 37210
lq = 1.93

[[industries.top]]
naics = "52"
slug = "52"
title = "Finance and Insurance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6160
medianWage = 41640
lq = 2.43

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5020
medianWage = 39700
lq = 0.9

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4850
medianWage = 40990
lq = 0.93

[[industries.top]]
naics = "51"
slug = "51"
title = "Information"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4420
medianWage = 35370
lq = 3.74

[[industries.top]]
naics = "513110"
slug = "513110"
title = "Newspaper Publishers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 3080
medianWage = 33650
lq = 83.53

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 3070
medianWage = 38240
lq = 2.85

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2410
medianWage = 37780
lq = 0.8

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1930
medianWage = 39430
lq = 0.21

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1760
medianWage = 44990
lq = 1.54

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 820
medianWage = 39570
lq = 0.33

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "513110"
slug = "513110"
title = "Newspaper Publishers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 3080
lq = 83.53

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 19790
lq = 5.39

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "524114"
slug = "524114"
title = "Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 810
lq = 4.43

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "51"
slug = "51"
title = "Information"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4420
lq = 3.74

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 3070
lq = 2.85

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "52"
slug = "52"
title = "Finance and Insurance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6160
lq = 2.43

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 8440
lq = 1.93

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1760
lq = 1.54

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = true
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 28
percentile = 26
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 25
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 34
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 24
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.94
percentile = 86
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.10810810810810811
beta = 0.21621621621621623
gamma = 0.32432432432432434

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -6.6
growthPercentile = 9
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 6.9
annualOpeningsPercentile = 55
employment2024Thousands = 67.4
employment2034Thousands = 62.9

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -0.8184676
percentile = 25
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.32432432432432434
percentile = 34
band = "Moderate"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.08334545293035636
percentile = 24
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 26
skills = 41
capabilities = 120
tools = 13
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "7db4a084e61e1366"

[[tasks]]
text = "Wrap packages or bundles by hand, or by using tying machines."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ap"

[[tasks]]
text = "Weigh packages or letters to determine postage needed, using weighing scales and rate charts."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Verify that items are addressed correctly, marked with the proper postage, and in suitable condition for processing."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Inspect mail machine output for defects and determine how to eliminate causes of any defects."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove containers of sorted mail or parcels and transfer them to designated areas according to established procedures."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sort and route incoming mail, and collect outgoing mail, using carts as necessary."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Remove from machines printed materials, such as labeled articles, postmarked envelopes or tape, and folded sheets."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Affix postage to packages or letters by hand, or stamp materials, using postage meters."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Determine manner in which mail is to be sent, and prepare it for delivery to mailing facilities."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Release packages or letters to customers upon presentation of written notices or other identification."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.q"

[[tasks]]
text = "Operate computer-controlled keyboards or voice recognition equipment to direct items according to established routing schemes."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Accept and check containers of mail or parcels from large volume mailers, couriers, and contractors."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare outgoing mail."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Verify shipping documentation."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Attach identification information to products, items or containers."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.1.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Sort mail."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Route mail to correct destinations."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Weigh parcels to determine shipping costs."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Unload materials or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Package objects for shipping."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ap"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Read work orders to determine material or setup requirements."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Send information, materials or documentation."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect items for damage or defects."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Coordinate shipping activities with external parties."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate computers or computerized equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Adjust office equipment to ensure proper operation."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Receive shipments."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Obtain written authorization to perform activities."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.q"

[[activities]]
name = "Explain regulations, policies, or procedures."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Sell products or services."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.6.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Collect deposits, payments or fees."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.d"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.85

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.36

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.97

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Law and Government"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.55

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.54

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Acrobat"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Email Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Acrobat"
category = "Document management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Email software"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Financial accounting software"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Postal Explorer"
category = "Mailing and shipping software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Recordkeeping software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Web browser software"
category = "Internet browser software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.97

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.86

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 4.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.63

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 4.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.11

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 4.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 3.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.66

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 3.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.46

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 3.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 2.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 2.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 2.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 1.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 1.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 1.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 1.74

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance"
value = 1.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Office Work"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.33

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.01

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.45

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.14

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.11

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.01

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.32

[[personFit]]
name = "Human Resources"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.32

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.3

[[personFit]]
name = "Management/Administration"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.26

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Sales"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.12

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5051.00"
slug = "role-43-5051-00"
title = "Postal Service Clerks"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5053.00"
slug = "role-43-5053-00"
title = "Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5071.00"
slug = "role-43-5071-00"
title = "Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5052.00"
slug = "role-43-5052-00"
title = "Postal Service Mail Carriers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5021.00"
slug = "role-43-5021-00"
title = "Couriers and Messengers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-9021.00"
slug = "role-43-9021-00"
title = "Data Entry Keyers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7065.00"
slug = "role-53-7065-00"
title = "Stockers and Order Fillers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-9071.00"
slug = "role-43-9071-00"
title = "Office Machine Operators, Except Computer"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7062.00"
slug = "role-53-7062-00"
title = "Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-4151.00"
slug = "role-43-4151-00"
title = "Order Clerks"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-9061.00"
slug = "role-43-9061-00"
title = "Office Clerks, General"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-4071.00"
slug = "role-43-4071-00"
title = "File Clerks"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Management & Entrepreneurship"
slug = "management-entrepreneurship"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.94
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -0.8184676
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.03093
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -0.7109466
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
