# Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

> Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 43-6012.00
- **Summary:** Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.

## Aliases

- Legal Administrative Assistant (Legal Admin Assistant)
- Legal Office Support Assistant
- Legal Practice Assistant
- Legal Secretary
- Confidential Secretary
- Legal Administrator (Legal Admin)
- Legal Coordinator
- Legal Management Assistant
- Litigation Secretary
- Magistrate Assistant
- Accredited Legal Secretary
- Certified Legal Secretary Specialist

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Organize and maintain law libraries, documents, and case files. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.b |
| Prepare and distribute invoices to bill clients or pay account expenses. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.m |
| Mail, fax, or arrange for delivery of legal correspondence to clients, witnesses, and court officials. | Core | 4.A.4.c.1.e |
| Prepare, proofread, or process legal documents, such as summonses, subpoenas, complaints, appeals, motions, or pretrial agreements. | Core | 4.A.2.a.3.a |
| Make photocopies of correspondence, documents, and other printed matter. | Core | 4.A.3.a.3.a |
| Assist attorneys in collecting information such as employment, medical, and other records. | Core | 4.A.1.a.1.n |
| Complete various forms, such as accident reports, trial and courtroom requests, and applications for clients. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.m |
| Receive and place telephone calls. | Core | 4.A.4.a.3.c |
| Schedule and make appointments. | Core | 4.A.2.b.5.c |
| Submit articles and information from searches to attorneys for review and approval for use. | Supplemental | 4.A.4.a.2.c |
| Make travel arrangements for attorneys. | Supplemental | 4.A.4.a.5.j |
| Draft and type office memos. | Core | 4.A.4.c.1.a |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance. | 4.A.3.b.6.m |
| Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy. | 4.A.2.a.3.a |
| Prepare legal documents. | 4.A.3.b.6.n |
| Make travel, accommodations, or entertainment arrangements for others. | 4.A.4.a.5.j |
| Send information, materials or documentation. | 4.A.4.c.1.e |
| Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information. | 4.A.4.a.3.c |
| Schedule appointments. | 4.A.2.b.5.c |
| Operate office equipment. | 4.A.3.a.3.a |
| Record information about legal matters. | 4.A.3.b.6.b |
| Obtain personal or financial information about customers or applicants. | 4.A.1.a.1.n |
| Record information from meetings or other formal proceedings. | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Prepare business correspondence. | 4.A.4.c.1.a |
| Issue documentation or identification to customers or employees. | 4.A.4.c.1.d |
| Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information. | 4.A.1.a.1.d |
| Provide information to coworkers. | 4.A.4.a.2.c |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Administrative | knowledge | 4.45 |
| English Language | knowledge | 4.37 |
| Law and Government | knowledge | 4.18 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 4 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 4 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Near Vision | ability | 4 |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 3.93 |
| Computers and Electronics | knowledge | 3.9 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 3.88 |
| Written Expression | ability | 3.88 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 3.75 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.75 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3.75 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.16 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.12 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3.12 |
| Public Safety and Security | knowledge | 3.11 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 3 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Service Orientation | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 3 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 3 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 2.88 |
| Communications and Media | knowledge | 2.8 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 2.75 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 2.75 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 2.75 |
| Far Vision | ability | 2.75 |
| Economics and Accounting | knowledge | 2.67 |
| Education and Training | knowledge | 2.63 |
| Originality | ability | 2.62 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | knowledge | 2.59 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Visio | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Adobe Acrobat | Specialized Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| LexisNexis | Specialized Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Email Software | Specialized Skill |
| Database Software | Specialized Skill |
| ADP Workforce Now | Specialized Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Depth Perception | Common Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |
| Project Management Software | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | yes |
| Adobe Acrobat | Document management software | yes | no |
| Intuit QuickBooks | Accounting software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Visio | Process mapping and design software | yes | no |
| A1-Law | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| AbacusNext HotDocs | Document management software | no | no |
| Aderant CompuLaw | Calendar and scheduling software | no | no |
| ADP Workforce Now | Human resources software | no | no |
| Amortization calculation software | Accounting software | no | no |
| Appointment scheduling software | Calendar and scheduling software | no | no |
| Billing software | Billing and invoicing software | no | no |
| Case management software | Project management software | no | no |
| Chrome River Expense | Accounting software | no | no |
| Database software | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Dropbox | Cloud-based data access and sharing software | no | no |
| Electronic adjudication management systems EAM | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Electronic diary software | Word processing software | no | no |
| Email software | Electronic mail software | no | no |
| Filing system software | Document management software | no | no |
| IBM Lotus Notes | Electronic mail software | no | no |
| Legal research software | Information retrieval or search software | no | no |
| Legal software | Expert system software | no | no |
| LexisNexis | Information retrieval or search software | no | no |
| LexisNexis Time Matters | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Litigation management software | Analytical or scientific software | no | no |
| Microsoft SharePoint Server | Document management software | no | no |
| Public access to electronic court records PACER | Information retrieval or search software | no | no |
| Quicken | Accounting software | no | no |
| Sage 50 Accounting | Accounting software | no | no |
| Thomson Reuters Elite Billing Manager | Billing and invoicing software | no | no |
| Thomson Reuters Westlaw | Information retrieval or search software | no | no |
| Transcription software | Word processing software | no | no |
| Vertican Technologies Collection Master | Accounting software | no | no |
| Web browser software | Internet browser software | no | no |
| Web conferencing software | Video conferencing software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| E-Mail | 5 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.43 |
| Contact With Others | 4.38 |
| Telephone Conversations | 4.25 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 4.19 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 4.14 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 4.06 |
| Time Pressure | 4.01 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 3.94 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 3.82 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 3.8 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 3.71 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 3.61 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 3.56 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 3.39 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 3.38 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 3.3 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 3.06 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 3.06 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 2.9 |
| Conflict Situations | 2.74 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 2.56 |
| Physical Proximity | 2.48 |
| Consequence of Error | 2.44 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 2.42 |
| Spend Time Standing | 2.41 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 2.26 |
| Degree of Automation | 1.94 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 1.92 |
| Level of Competition | 1.92 |
| In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment | 1.75 |
| Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body | 1.55 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 1.53 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 1.48 |
| Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling | 1.42 |
| Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People | 1.41 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 1.39 |
| Public Speaking | 1.33 |
| Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures | 1.22 |
| Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions | 1.17 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 3
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
- **Experience:** Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
- **Svp Range:** (6.0 to < 7.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 48.14 |
| High School Diploma | 17.31 |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 14.32 |
| Some College Courses | 13.23 |
| Bachelor's Degree | 7 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 6.69 |
| Office Work | specific_interest_area | 6.44 |
| Law | specific_interest_area | 5.05 |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 4.42 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 3.17 |
| Dependability | work_style | 3 |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 2.91 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 2.77 |
| Accounting | specific_interest_area | 2.74 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 2.45 |
| Integrity | work_style | 2.4 |
| Personal Service | specific_interest_area | 1.97 |
| Cooperation | work_style | 1.92 |
| Cautiousness | work_style | 1.86 |
| Finance | specific_interest_area | 1.82 |
| Human Resources | specific_interest_area | 1.78 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 23-2011.00 | role-23-2011-00 | Paralegals and Legal Assistants | Primary-Short |
| 43-6014.00 | role-43-6014-00 | Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive | Primary-Short |
| 43-4031.00 | role-43-4031-00 | Court, Municipal, and License Clerks | Primary-Short |
| 43-6011.00 | role-43-6011-00 | Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants | Primary-Short |
| 27-3092.00 | role-27-3092-00 | Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners | Primary-Short |
| 43-4021.00 | role-43-4021-00 | Correspondence Clerks | Primary-Long |
| 43-9061.00 | role-43-9061-00 | Office Clerks, General | Primary-Long |
| 43-4061.00 | role-43-4061-00 | Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs | Primary-Long |
| 43-4171.00 | role-43-4171-00 | Receptionists and Information Clerks | Primary-Long |
| 29-2072.00 | role-29-2072-00 | Medical Records Specialists | Primary-Long |
| 23-1011.00 | role-23-1011-00 | Lawyers | Supplemental |
| 23-1012.00 | role-23-1012-00 | Judicial Law Clerks | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Public Service & Safety | public-service-safety |

## Education Level

- **Category:** High school diploma or equivalent

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Legal Professions and Studies | legal-professions-and-studies |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 54140
- **Mean Wage:** 60320
- **Pct10Wage:** 35530
- **Pct25Wage:** 42720
- **Pct75Wage:** 72090
- **Pct90Wage:** 87660
- **Employment:** 154540
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 125840 | 53690 | 11.66 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 2420 | 59990 | 0.39 |
| 56 | 56 | Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | Sector | 1730 | 43470 | 0.19 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 1140 | 65690 | 0.4 |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector | 950 | 55910 | 0.21 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 750 | 37370 | 0.03 |
| 561320 | 561320 | Temporary Help Services | National industry | 600 | 43680 | 0.23 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 520 | 61270 | 0.04 |
| 524210 | 524210 | Insurance Agencies and Brokerages | National industry | 410 | 58210 | 0.41 |
| 51 | 51 | Information | Sector | 350 | 74260 | 0.12 |
| 53 | 53 | Real Estate and Rental and Leasing | Sector | 300 | 56640 | 0.13 |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 210 |  | 0.02 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 125840 | 11.66 |
| 524210 | 524210 | Insurance Agencies and Brokerages | National industry | 410 | 0.41 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 1140 | 0.4 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 2420 | 0.39 |
| 561320 | 561320 | Temporary Help Services | National industry | 600 | 0.23 |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector | 950 | 0.21 |
| 56 | 56 | Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | Sector | 1730 | 0.19 |
| 53 | 53 | Real Estate and Rental and Leasing | Sector | 300 | 0.13 |
- **Count:** 18

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.98 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | 1.014541 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | 0.4807182 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | 1.149438 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 80
- **Percentile:** 83
- **Band:** High
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 75 | felten_aioe |
| 95 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 70 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | 1.014541 | 75 | High | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 1 | 95 | High | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.20681684789327787 | 70 | High | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.98
- **Percentile:** 97
- **Band:** High
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** yes

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.3913043478260869
- **Beta:** 0.6956521739130435
- **Gamma:** 1

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prepare and distribute invoices to bill clients or pay account expenses. | 0.005443512770686376 | 4.3 |
| Review legal publications and perform database searches to identify laws and court decisions relevant to pending cases. | 0.004519142677550953 | 3.31 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** -5.8
- **Growth Percentile:** 11
- **Direction:** Declining
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 19.6
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 77
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 156.3
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 147.3

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Ai Playbook

- **Trusted Task Count:** 2
- **Task Count:** 4
- **Total Sample:** 229
- **Autonomy Median:** 3
- **Dominant Collaboration:** directive
- **Automation Share:** 64.41
- **Augmentation Share:** 19.21
- **Work Use Percent:** 63.28

### Collaboration

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| directive | 64.41 |
| task iteration | 19.21 |

### Use Case

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| work | 63.28 |
| personal | 35.03 |

### Delegated Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Collaboration | Autonomy Median | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Prepare and process legal documents and papers, such as summonses, subpoenas, complaints, appeals, motions, and pretrial agreements. | 0.010701337667208401 | directive | 3 | 107 |
| Schedule and make appointments. | 0.007000875109388674 | directive | 3 | 70 |

### Boundary Tasks

| Task | Human Needed Percent | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Schedule and make appointments. | 100 | 70 |
| Prepare and process legal documents and papers, such as summonses, subpoenas, complaints, appeals, motions, and pretrial agreements. | 88.78504672897196 | 107 |

### Seed Prompts

| Prompt | Collaboration |
| --- | --- |
| Do this for me: prepare and process legal documents and papers, such as summonses, subpoenas, complaints, appeals, motions, and pretrial agreements. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
| Do this for me: schedule and make appointments. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
- **Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 14
- **Skills:** 45
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 42
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** fd381ffa34905997