entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-43-5052-00"
socCode = "43-5052.00"
title = "Postal Service Mail Carriers"
summary = "Sort and deliver mail for the United States Postal Service (USPS). Deliver mail on established route by vehicle or on foot. Includes postal service mail carriers employed by USPS contractors."
aliases = ["City Letter Carrier", "Letter Carrier", "Mail Carrier", "Rural Carrier Associate (RCA)", "City Carrier", "City Carrier Assistant (CCA)", "City Mail Carrier", "Rural Carrier", "Rural Mail Carrier", "Rural Route Carrier", "Carrier", "Carrier Associate"]
emergingTasks = []
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 78.21

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 14.57

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 7.22

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 57490
meanWage = 59880
pct10Wage = 42390
pct25Wage = 46030
pct75Wage = 75300
pct90Wage = 76880
employment = 336040
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 336040
medianWage = 57490
lq = 20.86

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 336040
lq = 20.86

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 28
percentile = 26
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 15
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 29
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 40
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.68
percentile = 57
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.20512820512820512
beta = 0.23076923076923075
gamma = 0.2564102564102564

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -3.5
growthPercentile = 15
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 20.6
annualOpeningsPercentile = 78
employment2024Thousands = 319.4
employment2034Thousands = 308.1

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.064715
percentile = 15
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.2564102564102564
percentile = 29
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.12278876934436556
percentile = 40
band = "Moderate"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 1
taskCount = 1
totalSample = 36
autonomyMedian = 3
collaboration = []
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 91.67

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Answer customers' questions about postal services and regulations."
usagePercent = 0.003600450056257032
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 36

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Answer customers' questions about postal services and regulations."
humanNeededPercent = 100
sampleCount = 36

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Help me with this part of my job: answer customers' questions about postal services and regulations"

[counts]
tasks = 21
skills = 33
capabilities = 120
tools = 10
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "f9934fe6c3e5284b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Scan labels on letters or parcels to confirm receipt."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Obtain signed receipts for registered, certified, and insured mail, collect associated charges, and complete any necessary paperwork."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.q"

[[tasks]]
text = "Return to the post office with mail collected from homes, businesses, and public mailboxes."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sort mail for delivery, arranging it in delivery sequence."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Deliver mail to residences and business establishments along specified routes by walking or driving, using a combination of satchels, carts, cars, and small trucks."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Meet schedules for the collection and return of mail."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Register, certify, and insure parcels and letters."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sign for cash-on-delivery and registered mail before leaving the post office."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Hold mail for customers who are away from delivery locations."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Turn in money and receipts collected along mail routes."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Leave notices telling patrons where to collect mail that could not be delivered."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Maintain accurate records of deliveries."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Obtain written authorization to perform activities."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.q"

[[activities]]
name = "Collect deposits, payments or fees."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Sort mail."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Deliver items."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Route mail to correct destinations."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Perform administrative or clerical tasks."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain financial or account records."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Package objects for shipping."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ap"

[[activities]]
name = "Provide notifications to customers or patrons."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Record shipping information."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Explain regulations, policies, or procedures."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Arrange insurance coverage."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare outgoing mail."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate vehicles or material-moving equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.m"

[[activities]]
name = "Sell products or services."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.6.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Enter information into databases or software programs."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.f"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.21

[[capabilities]]
name = "Sales and Marketing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.15

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Transportation"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.96

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.86

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Stamina"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.73

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.65

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.62

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Address Management System AMS"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Automated Data Collection System ADCS"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Delivery operations information system DOIS"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Delivery Routing System DRS"
category = "Map creation software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Electronic Time Clock ETC"
category = "Time accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "End of Run Report EOR"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Time and Attendance Collection System TACS"
category = "Human resources software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 4.91

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 4.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 4.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 4.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 4.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 4.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 3.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.36

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 3.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.01

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 2.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 2.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 2.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 2.69

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 2.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 2.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 2.47

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 2.31

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.24

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment"
value = 2.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 2.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 1.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance"
value = 1.85

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.27

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.71

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.31

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.91

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.69

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.16

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.06

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.04

[[personFit]]
name = "Office Work"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.95

[[personFit]]
name = "Protective Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.59

[[personFit]]
name = "Perseverance"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.58

[[personFit]]
name = "Cooperation"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.53

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.51

[[personFit]]
name = "Sales"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.45

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5051.00"
slug = "role-43-5051-00"
title = "Postal Service Clerks"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5021.00"
slug = "role-43-5021-00"
title = "Couriers and Messengers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-9051.00"
slug = "role-43-9051-00"
title = "Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5071.00"
slug = "role-43-5071-00"
title = "Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5011.00"
slug = "role-43-5011-00"
title = "Cargo and Freight Agents"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5053.00"
slug = "role-43-5053-00"
title = "Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-9131.00"
slug = "role-11-9131-00"
title = "Postmasters and Mail Superintendents"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-3033.00"
slug = "role-53-3033-00"
title = "Light Truck Drivers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5011.01"
slug = "role-43-5011-01"
title = "Freight Forwarders"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5032.00"
slug = "role-43-5032-00"
title = "Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-3031.00"
slug = "role-53-3031-00"
title = "Driver/Sales Workers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-4181.00"
slug = "role-43-4181-00"
title = "Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Public Service & Safety"
slug = "public-service-safety"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.68
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.064715
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.133507
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -0.9672173
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
