entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-43-5051-00"
socCode = "43-5051.00"
title = "Postal Service Clerks"
summary = "Perform any combination of tasks in a United States Postal Service (USPS) post office, such as receive letters and parcels; sell postage and revenue stamps, postal cards, and stamped envelopes; fill out and sell money orders; place mail in pigeon holes of mail rack or in bags; and examine mail for correct postage. Includes postal service clerks employed by USPS contractors."
aliases = ["Clerk", "Postal Clerk", "Sales and Service Associate (SSA)", "Window Clerk", "Bulk Mail Technician", "Distribution Clerk", "Part Time Flexible Clerk (PTF Clerk)", "Sales and Distribution Clerk", "Annuitant HCA (Annuitant Holiday Clerk Assistant)", "Bulk Clerk", "Bulk Mail Clerk", "Business Mail Entry Clerk"]
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 67.56

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 17.88

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 7.76

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Secondary Certificate"
percentage = 6.8

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 61630
meanWage = 61070
pct10Wage = 42600
pct25Wage = 55410
pct75Wage = 74050
pct90Wage = 74050
employment = 78060
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 78060
medianWage = 61630
lq = 20.86

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "48-49"
slug = "48-49"
title = "Transportation and Warehousing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 78060
lq = 20.86

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 50
percentile = 50
band = "Moderate"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 34
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 43
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 74
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.95
percentile = 89
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.14814814814814814
beta = 0.31481481481481477
gamma = 0.48148148148148145

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -3.5
growthPercentile = 15
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 6.1
annualOpeningsPercentile = 53
employment2024Thousands = 74.2
employment2034Thousands = 71.6

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -0.5186997
percentile = 34
band = "Moderate"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.48148148148148145
percentile = 43
band = "Moderate"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.21884113333305993
percentile = 74
band = "High"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Answer questions regarding mail regulations and procedures, postage rates, and post office boxes."
usagePercent = 0.0020541557625231607
importance = 4.28

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 19
skills = 33
capabilities = 120
tools = 7
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "7f33907613108e5d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sell and collect payment for products such as stamps, prepaid mail envelopes, and money orders."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.6.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Weigh letters and parcels, compute mailing costs based on type, weight, and destination, and affix correct postage."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Keep money drawers in order, and record and balance daily transactions."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Check mail to ensure correct postage and that packages and letters are in proper condition for mailing."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Register, certify, and insure letters and parcels."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Complete forms regarding changes of address, or theft or loss of mail, or for special services such as registered or priority mail."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.m"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sort incoming and outgoing mail, according to type and destination, by hand or by operating electronic mail-sorting and scanning devices."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Put undelivered parcels away, retrieve them when customers come to claim them, and complete any related documentation."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[tasks]]
text = "Receive letters and parcels, and place mail into bags."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Obtain signatures from recipients of registered or special delivery mail."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.q"

[[tasks]]
text = "Respond to complaints regarding mail theft, delivery problems, and lost or damaged mail, filling out forms and making appropriate referrals for investigation."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Answer questions regarding mail regulations and procedures, postage rates, and post office boxes."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.1.b"

[[emergingTasks]]
text = "Stock lobby with retail merchandise."

[[activities]]
name = "Maintain financial or account records."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Weigh parcels to determine shipping costs."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Calculate shipping costs."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Obtain written authorization to perform activities."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.q"

[[activities]]
name = "Arrange insurance coverage."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare outgoing mail."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Sell products or services."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.6.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Collect deposits, payments or fees."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Verify shipping documentation."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Explain regulations, policies, or procedures."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.m"

[[activities]]
name = "Assist individuals with paperwork."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Sort mail."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Execute sales or other financial transactions."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Store items."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[activities]]
name = "Refer customers to appropriate personnel."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Respond to customer problems or complaints."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.8.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Receive shipments."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Load materials or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Deliver items."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Order materials, supplies, or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.e"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.96

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.35

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Sales and Marketing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.03

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administrative"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.02

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Computers and Electronics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Transportation"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematical Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Number Facility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.94

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.92

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Accounting Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Budgeting software"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Delivery operations information system DOIS"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Electronic Time Clock ETC"
category = "Time accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Inventory tracking software"
category = "Inventory management software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "NCR Advanced Store"
category = "Point of sale POS software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Time and Attendance Collection System TACS"
category = "Human resources software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 4.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 4.28

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.28

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.97

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 3.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 3.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.58

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 3.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 3.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 2.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 2.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 2.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 2.71

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 2.69

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 2.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.28

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.17

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 2.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People"
value = 2.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 2.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 2.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 1.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 1.84

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.55

[[personFit]]
name = "Office Work"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.32

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.21

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.71

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.57

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.41

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.35

[[personFit]]
name = "Sales"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.34

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.17

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.07

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.99

[[personFit]]
name = "Cooperation"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.57

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.56

[[personFit]]
name = "Information Technology"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.53

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5052.00"
slug = "role-43-5052-00"
title = "Postal Service Mail Carriers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-9051.00"
slug = "role-43-9051-00"
title = "Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5071.00"
slug = "role-43-5071-00"
title = "Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5053.00"
slug = "role-43-5053-00"
title = "Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-9131.00"
slug = "role-11-9131-00"
title = "Postmasters and Mail Superintendents"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5021.00"
slug = "role-43-5021-00"
title = "Couriers and Messengers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-4151.00"
slug = "role-43-4151-00"
title = "Order Clerks"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5011.00"
slug = "role-43-5011-00"
title = "Cargo and Freight Agents"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7065.00"
slug = "role-53-7065-00"
title = "Stockers and Order Fillers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-9061.00"
slug = "role-43-9061-00"
title = "Office Clerks, General"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-5011.01"
slug = "role-43-5011-01"
title = "Freight Forwarders"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-3021.00"
slug = "role-43-3021-00"
title = "Billing and Posting Clerks"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Public Service & Safety"
slug = "public-service-safety"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.95
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -0.5186997
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.295399
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -0.283523
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
