# Billing and Posting Clerks

> Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 43-3021.00
- **Summary:** Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.

## Aliases

- Billing Clerk
- Billing Coordinator
- Pre-Audit Clerk
- Statement Clerk
- Account Services Representative (Accounts Services Rep)
- Biller
- Item Processing Clerk (IP Clerk)
- Medical Biller
- Statement Distribution Clerk
- Statement Services Representative (Statement Services Rep)
- Account Clerk
- Accounting Assistant

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors. | Core | 4.A.2.a.2.a |
| Resolve discrepancies in accounting records. | Core | 4.A.2.a.2.d |
| Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.j |
| Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines. | Core | 4.A.3.a.3.a |
| Review documents, such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records, to compute fees or charges due. | Supplemental | 4.A.2.b.1.a |
| Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks. | Core | 4.A.4.a.2.c |
| Verify signatures and required information on checks. | Core | 4.A.2.a.2.a |
| Keep records of invoices and support documents. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.j |
| Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.j |
| Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Contact customers to obtain or relay account information. | Core | 4.A.4.a.3.c |
| Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment. | Supplemental | 4.A.1.b.3.a |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Provide information to coworkers. | 4.A.4.a.2.c |
| Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data. | 4.A.2.a.2.a |
| Maintain financial or account records. | 4.A.3.b.6.j |
| Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance. | 4.A.3.b.6.m |
| Operate office equipment. | 4.A.3.a.3.a |
| Reconcile records of sales or other financial transactions. | 4.A.2.a.2.d |
| Discuss account status or activity with customers or patrons. | 4.A.4.a.3.c |
| Calculate costs of goods or services. | 4.A.2.b.1.a |
| Route mail to correct destinations. | 4.A.4.c.1.e |
| Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning. | 4.A.1.a.2.a |
| Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition. | 4.A.3.b.5.a |
| Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel. | 4.A.4.a.2.g |
| Weigh parcels to determine shipping costs. | 4.A.1.b.3.a |
| Order materials, supplies, or equipment. | 4.A.4.c.3.e |
| Execute sales or other financial transactions. | 4.A.4.c.1.c |
| Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information. | 4.A.1.a.1.d |
| Maintain operational records. | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Prepare informational or reference materials. | 4.A.3.b.6.l |
| Calculate shipping costs. | 4.A.2.b.1.a |
| Analyze financial information. | 4.A.2.a.4.k |
| Explain regulations, policies, or procedures. | 4.A.4.a.1.b |
| Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets. | 4.A.3.b.6.a |
| Prepare financial documents. | 4.A.3.b.6.a |
| Schedule appointments. | 4.A.2.b.5.c |
| Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information. | 4.A.4.a.3.c |
| Calculate financial data. | 4.A.1.b.3.c |
| Respond to customer problems or complaints. | 4.A.4.a.8.c |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Administrative | knowledge | 4.41 |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 4.24 |
| English Language | knowledge | 3.72 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 3.62 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 3.62 |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.62 |
| Economics and Accounting | knowledge | 3.53 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 3.5 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.5 |
| Mathematics | knowledge | 3.49 |
| Computers and Electronics | knowledge | 3.42 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.41 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 3.38 |
| Written Expression | ability | 3.38 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.38 |
| Mathematics | essential_skill | 3.25 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3.25 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3.25 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 3.12 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 3.12 |
| Number Facility | ability | 3.12 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 3 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 3 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Service Orientation | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Mathematical Reasoning | ability | 2.88 |
| Flexibility of Closure | ability | 2.88 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | knowledge | 2.79 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 2.75 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 2.75 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 2.75 |
| Perceptual Speed | ability | 2.62 |
| Memorization | ability | 2.5 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Windows | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Project | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| QuoteWerks | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Dynamics GP | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Dynamics | Specialized Skill |
| Database Software | Specialized Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Equipment Selection | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Maintenance | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | yes |
| Epic Systems | Medical software | yes | no |
| Intuit QuickBooks | Accounting software | yes | no |
| MEDITECH software | Medical software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Project | Project management software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Windows | Operating system software | yes | no |
| SAP software | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | yes | no |
| Accuity EPICWare | Financial analysis software | no | no |
| Aderant legal software | Expert system software | no | no |
| Allscripts Professional PM | Accounting software | no | no |
| Automated billing software | Billing and invoicing software | no | no |
| CAI Software Seasoft | Accounting software | no | no |
| Check imaging software | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| Check processing software | Document management software | no | no |
| Check sorting control software | Industrial control software | no | no |
| Database software | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| eMDs Medisoft | Medical software | no | no |
| File management systems | Document management software | no | no |
| Fiserv PEP+ reACH | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| GE Healthcare Centricity EMR | Accounting software | no | no |
| Healthcare common procedure coding system HCPCS | Medical software | no | no |
| HelpIT Systems addressIT | Customer relationship management CRM software | no | no |
| IBM Cognos Impromptu | Business intelligence and data analysis software | no | no |
| Image Deposit Exchange Check Station | Access software | no | no |
| Image exchange networks | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| Image replacement document IRD printing software | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| IPS of Boston DoubleCheck | Financial analysis software | no | no |
| Medical billing software | Billing and invoicing software | no | no |
| Medical condition coding software | Medical software | no | no |
| Medical procedure coding software | Medical software | no | no |
| Microsoft Dynamics | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | no | no |
| Microsoft Dynamics GP | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | no | no |
| Mitek Systems ImageNet Payments | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| NetSuite ERP | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | no | no |
| Optical character recognition OCR software | Optical character reader OCR or scanning software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| E-Mail | 4.73 |
| Telephone Conversations | 4.72 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 4.63 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 4.34 |
| Contact With Others | 4.32 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.29 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 4.18 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 4.1 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 4.09 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.03 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 4 |
| Time Pressure | 3.93 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 3.71 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 3.61 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 3.45 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 3.37 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 3.33 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 3.25 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 3.09 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 2.96 |
| Physical Proximity | 2.59 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 2.58 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 2.5 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 2.3 |
| Conflict Situations | 2.26 |
| Degree of Automation | 2.19 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 2.08 |
| Spend Time Standing | 2.07 |
| Level of Competition | 2.02 |
| Consequence of Error | 1.93 |
| In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment | 1.88 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 1.82 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 1.81 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 1.65 |
| Exposed to Disease or Infections | 1.59 |
| Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body | 1.51 |
| Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance | 1.31 |
| Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling | 1.28 |
| Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions | 1.27 |
| Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People | 1.26 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 3
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
- **Experience:** Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
- **Svp Range:** (6.0 to < 7.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| Some College Courses | 51.49 |
| High School Diploma | 20.7 |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 16.61 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 9.24 |
| Bachelor's Degree | 1.96 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 7 |
| Accounting | specific_interest_area | 6.64 |
| Office Work | specific_interest_area | 6.44 |
| Dependability | work_style | 3 |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 2.83 |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 2.76 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 2.74 |
| Finance | specific_interest_area | 2.67 |
| Integrity | work_style | 2.1 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 1.87 |
| Information Technology | specific_interest_area | 1.8 |
| Cautiousness | work_style | 1.79 |
| Health Care Service | specific_interest_area | 1.76 |
| Mathematics/Statistics | specific_interest_area | 1.67 |
| Human Resources | specific_interest_area | 1.6 |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 1.59 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 43-3031.00 | role-43-3031-00 | Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks | Primary-Short |
| 43-4051.00 | role-43-4051-00 | Customer Service Representatives | Primary-Short |
| 43-9041.00 | role-43-9041-00 | Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks | Primary-Short |
| 43-9061.00 | role-43-9061-00 | Office Clerks, General | Primary-Short |
| 43-4041.00 | role-43-4041-00 | Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks | Primary-Short |
| 43-4011.00 | role-43-4011-00 | Brokerage Clerks | Primary-Long |
| 43-3051.00 | role-43-3051-00 | Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks | Primary-Long |
| 43-3011.00 | role-43-3011-00 | Bill and Account Collectors | Primary-Long |
| 43-4071.00 | role-43-4071-00 | File Clerks | Primary-Long |
| 43-4151.00 | role-43-4151-00 | Order Clerks | Primary-Long |
| 43-4021.00 | role-43-4021-00 | Correspondence Clerks | Supplemental |
| 13-2011.00 | role-13-2011-00 | Accountants and Auditors | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Financial Services | financial-services |

## Education Level

- **Category:** High school diploma or equivalent

## Study Programs


## Market

- **Median Wage:** 47170
- **Mean Wage:** 49490
- **Pct10Wage:** 35760
- **Pct25Wage:** 40260
- **Pct75Wage:** 56350
- **Pct90Wage:** 64990
- **Employment:** 417500
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 180730 | 46880 | 2.89 |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 55820 | 47740 | 1.91 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 29410 | 48730 | 3.87 |
| 56 | 56 | Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | Sector | 28910 | 46740 | 1.18 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 19540 | 47910 | 1.16 |
| 42 | 42 | Wholesale Trade | Sector | 17630 | 47860 | 1.08 |
| 44-45 | 44-45 | Retail Trade | Sector | 14750 | 43990 | 0.35 |
| 48-49 | 48-49 | Transportation and Warehousing | Sector | 13850 | 42480 | 0.69 |
| 23 | 23 | Construction | Sector | 10410 | 50090 | 0.47 |
| 51 | 51 | Information | Sector | 8450 | 50350 | 1.07 |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 8340 | 49080 | 0.24 |
| 621340 | 621340 | Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists | National industry | 6620 | 45130 | 5.13 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 621320 | 621320 | Offices of Optometrists | National industry | 4750 | 11.5 |
| 621310 | 621310 | Offices of Chiropractors | National industry | 4310 | 10.91 |
| 621910 | 621910 | Ambulance Services | National industry | 2500 | 5.62 |
| 621340 | 621340 | Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists | National industry | 6620 | 5.13 |
| 621330 | 621330 | Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians) | National industry | 3240 | 4.95 |
| 621420 | 621420 | Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers | National industry | 4150 | 4.95 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 29410 | 3.87 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 180730 | 2.89 |
- **Count:** 58

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.96 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | 1.333455 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | 1.02969 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | 1.135705 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 78
- **Percentile:** 80
- **Band:** High
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 89 | felten_aioe |
| 72 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 74 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | 1.333455 | 89 | High | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.8571428571428571 | 72 | High | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.222905543026863 | 74 | High | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.96
- **Percentile:** 91
- **Band:** High
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** yes

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.6904761904761905
- **Beta:** 0.7738095238095237
- **Gamma:** 0.8571428571428571

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines. | 0.007086837380704904 | 4.48 |
| Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered. | 0.005340804982560217 | 4.62 |
| Resolve discrepancies in accounting records. | 0.005135389406307902 | 4.63 |
| Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors. | 0.002567694703153951 | 4.86 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** -0.4
- **Growth Percentile:** 25
- **Direction:** Declining
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 42.2
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 88
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 429.8
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 427.9

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 28
- **Skills:** 48
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 54
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 3a2b4d71822978af