entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-35-9021-00"
socCode = "35-9021.00"
title = "Dishwashers"
summary = "Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils."
aliases = ["Busser", "Dishwasher", "Kitchen Steward", "Steward", "Dish Machine Operator (DMO)", "Dish Room Worker", "Dish Runner", "Dish Technician (Dish Tech)", "Kitchen Helper", "Utility Worker", "Breakdown Person", "Bus Person"]
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 55.87

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Less than a High School Diploma"
percentage = 43.39

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 0.74

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 33670
meanWage = 33220
pct10Wage = 23960
pct25Wage = 28740
pct75Wage = 36750
pct90Wage = 41600
employment = 471670
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 23

[[industries.top]]
naics = "72"
slug = "72"
title = "Accommodation and Food Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 407320
medianWage = 33600
lq = 9.35

[[industries.top]]
naics = "722511"
slug = "722511"
title = "Full-Service Restaurants"
level = "National industry"
employment = 297980
medianWage = 33280
lq = 18.17

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 17470
medianWage = 34140
lq = 0.25

[[industries.top]]
naics = "71"
slug = "71"
title = "Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation"
level = "Sector"
employment = 15350
medianWage = 34020
lq = 1.9

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9720
medianWage = 33300
lq = 0.35

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 7500
medianWage = 32130
lq = 0.92

[[industries.top]]
naics = "44-45"
slug = "44-45"
title = "Retail Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6970
medianWage = 34760
lq = 0.15

[[industries.top]]
naics = "721120"
slug = "721120"
title = "Casino Hotels"
level = "National industry"
employment = 6030
medianWage = 43350
lq = 5.85

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5720
medianWage = 33390
lq = 0.15

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2860
medianWage = 31910
lq = 0.21

[[industries.top]]
naics = "53"
slug = "53"
title = "Real Estate and Rental and Leasing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2270
medianWage = 34650
lq = 0.31

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1920
medianWage = 34040
lq = 0.05

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "722511"
slug = "722511"
title = "Full-Service Restaurants"
level = "National industry"
employment = 297980
lq = 18.17

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "72"
slug = "72"
title = "Accommodation and Food Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 407320
lq = 9.35

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "721120"
slug = "721120"
title = "Casino Hotels"
level = "National industry"
employment = 6030
lq = 5.85

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "71"
slug = "71"
title = "Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation"
level = "Sector"
employment = 15350
lq = 1.9

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 7500
lq = 0.92

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "711110"
slug = "711110"
title = "Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters"
level = "National industry"
employment = 180
lq = 0.81

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9720
lq = 0.35

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "713940"
slug = "713940"
title = "Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 620
lq = 0.32

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 3
percentile = 1
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 3
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.77
percentile = 62
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0
gamma = 0

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 0.2
growthPercentile = 27
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 76.8
annualOpeningsPercentile = 93
employment2024Thousands = 477.7
employment2034Thousands = 478.6

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -1.738612
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.01759048774289797
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 13
skills = 33
capabilities = 120
tools = 2
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "e6a4bdd5c089f9cf"

[[tasks]]
text = "Wash dishes, glassware, flatware, pots, or pans, using dishwashers or by hand."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.h"

[[tasks]]
text = "Maintain kitchen work areas, equipment, or utensils in clean and orderly condition."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Place clean dishes, utensils, or cooking equipment in storage areas."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sweep or scrub floors."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Load or unload trucks that deliver or pick up food or supplies."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Stock supplies, such as food or utensils, in serving stations, cupboards, refrigerators, or salad bars."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[tasks]]
text = "Clean or prepare various foods for cooking or serving."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Sort and remove trash, placing it in designated pickup areas."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Transfer supplies or equipment between storage and work areas, by hand or using hand trucks."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Receive and store supplies."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[tasks]]
text = "Clean garbage cans with water or steam."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Prepare and package individual place settings."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ap"

[[emergingTasks]]
text = "Clean and sanitize the dining area, including tables."

[[activities]]
name = "Clean tableware."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Store supplies or goods in kitchens or storage areas."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean food preparation areas, facilities, or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Stock serving stations or dining areas with food or supplies."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ak"

[[activities]]
name = "Remove trash."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare foods for cooking or serving."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Arrange tables or dining areas."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.o"

[[activities]]
name = "Move equipment, supplies or food to required locations."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Package food or supplies."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.ap"

[[activities]]
name = "Load shipments, belongings, or materials."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.f"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Manual Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.2

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Trunk Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Extent Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operation and Control"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Food Production"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.76

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Static Strength"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Stamina"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Gross Body Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 2.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Far Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.46

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.42

[[capabilities]]
name = "Quality Control Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.31

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Rate Control"
family = "ability"
value = 2.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speed of Limb Movement"
family = "ability"
value = 2.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Facebook"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Facebook"
category = "Web page creation and editing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 4.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.61

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 3.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.35

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 3.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 2.69

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 2.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 2.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 2.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 2.31

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 2.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 2.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 2.22

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 2.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.01

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 1.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 1.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 1.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 1.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 1.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 1.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 1.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 1.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 1.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 1.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 1.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 1.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 1.55

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.62

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.45

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.06

[[personFit]]
name = "Culinary Art"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.83

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1.44

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 1.34

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.1

[[personFit]]
name = "Construction/Woodwork"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.09

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.08

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.06

[[personFit]]
name = "Social Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.05

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 1

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-7061.00"
slug = "role-53-7061-00"
title = "Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-6011.00"
slug = "role-51-6011-00"
title = "Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "35-2021.00"
slug = "role-35-2021-00"
title = "Food Preparation Workers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "35-9011.00"
slug = "role-35-9011-00"
title = "Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "37-2012.00"
slug = "role-37-2012-00"
title = "Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "35-3041.00"
slug = "role-35-3041-00"
title = "Food Servers, Nonrestaurant"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "35-3023.00"
slug = "role-35-3023-00"
title = "Fast Food and Counter Workers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9192.00"
slug = "role-51-9192-00"
title = "Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "37-2011.00"
slug = "role-37-2011-00"
title = "Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "35-2015.00"
slug = "role-35-2015-00"
title = "Cooks, Short Order"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-3091.00"
slug = "role-51-3091-00"
title = "Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-9111.00"
slug = "role-51-9111-00"
title = "Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Hospitality, Events, & Tourism"
slug = "hospitality-events-tourism"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.77
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -1.738612
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -1.787455
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -1.561163
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
