{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-35-9021-00",
  "socCode": "35-9021.00",
  "title": "Dishwashers",
  "summary": "Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils.",
  "aliases": [
    "Busser",
    "Dishwasher",
    "Kitchen Steward",
    "Steward",
    "Dish Machine Operator (DMO)",
    "Dish Room Worker",
    "Dish Runner",
    "Dish Technician (Dish Tech)",
    "Kitchen Helper",
    "Utility Worker",
    "Breakdown Person",
    "Bus Person"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Wash dishes, glassware, flatware, pots, or pans, using dishwashers or by hand.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.h"
    },
    {
      "text": "Maintain kitchen work areas, equipment, or utensils in clean and orderly condition.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Place clean dishes, utensils, or cooking equipment in storage areas.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ak"
    },
    {
      "text": "Sweep or scrub floors.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Load or unload trucks that deliver or pick up food or supplies.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Stock supplies, such as food or utensils, in serving stations, cupboards, refrigerators, or salad bars.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ak"
    },
    {
      "text": "Clean or prepare various foods for cooking or serving.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Sort and remove trash, placing it in designated pickup areas.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.e"
    },
    {
      "text": "Transfer supplies or equipment between storage and work areas, by hand or using hand trucks.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.j"
    },
    {
      "text": "Receive and store supplies.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ak"
    },
    {
      "text": "Clean garbage cans with water or steam.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Prepare and package individual place settings.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ap"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [
    {
      "text": "Clean and sanitize the dining area, including tables."
    }
  ],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Clean tableware.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.h"
    },
    {
      "name": "Store supplies or goods in kitchens or storage areas.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ak"
    },
    {
      "name": "Clean food preparation areas, facilities, or equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stock serving stations or dining areas with food or supplies.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ak"
    },
    {
      "name": "Remove trash.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prepare foods for cooking or serving.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Arrange tables or dining areas.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.o"
    },
    {
      "name": "Move equipment, supplies or food to required locations.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Package food or supplies.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ap"
    },
    {
      "name": "Load shipments, belongings, or materials.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.1.f"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Manual Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.2
    },
    {
      "name": "Arm-Hand Steadiness",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Trunk Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Extent Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Operation and Control",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Multilimb Coordination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Food Production",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 2.76
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Control Precision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Static Strength",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Stamina",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Category Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Selective Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Gross Body Coordination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Clarity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitoring",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Operations Monitoring",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Far Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Education and Training",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 2.46
    },
    {
      "name": "Customer and Personal Service",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 2.42
    },
    {
      "name": "Quality Control Analysis",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Safety and Security",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 2.31
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Rate Control",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Speed of Limb Movement",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 2.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Service Orientation",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 2.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 2
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Windows",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Facebook",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geography",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Installation",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Facebook",
      "category": "Web page creation and editing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Windows",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 4.64
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 4.2
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 4.08
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 3.85
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 3.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 3.61
    },
    {
      "name": "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets",
      "value": 3.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 3.35
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 3.24
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 3.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 2.69
    },
    {
      "name": "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment",
      "value": 2.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 2.49
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings",
      "value": 2.48
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 2.34
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 2.31
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 2.3
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body",
      "value": 2.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 2.22
    },
    {
      "name": "E-Mail",
      "value": 2.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 2.09
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 2.01
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions",
      "value": 1.98
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Speaking",
      "value": 1.96
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions",
      "value": 1.93
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 1.89
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Sitting",
      "value": 1.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Under Cover",
      "value": 1.84
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 1.84
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 1.81
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 1.79
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures",
      "value": 1.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 1.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Degree of Automation",
      "value": 1.6
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling",
      "value": 1.55
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "2",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.",
    "experience": "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.",
    "svpRange": "(Below 6.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 55.87
      },
      {
        "label": "Less than a High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 43.39
      },
      {
        "label": "Some College Courses",
        "percentage": 0.74
      }
    ]
  },
  "personFit": [
    {
      "name": "Realistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 7
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical/Manual Labor",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 5.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Conventional",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 4.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Dependability",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.06
    },
    {
      "name": "Culinary Art",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2
    },
    {
      "name": "Social",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1.83
    },
    {
      "name": "Enterprising",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1.44
    },
    {
      "name": "Attention to Detail",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 1.34
    },
    {
      "name": "Personal Service",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.15
    },
    {
      "name": "Transportation/Machine Operation",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.1
    },
    {
      "name": "Construction/Woodwork",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.09
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanics/Electronics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.08
    },
    {
      "name": "Health Care Service",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.06
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Service",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 1.05
    },
    {
      "name": "Investigative",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "Artistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 1
    }
  ],
  "relatedRoles": [
    {
      "socCode": "53-7061.00",
      "slug": "role-53-7061-00",
      "title": "Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-6011.00",
      "slug": "role-51-6011-00",
      "title": "Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "35-2021.00",
      "slug": "role-35-2021-00",
      "title": "Food Preparation Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "35-9011.00",
      "slug": "role-35-9011-00",
      "title": "Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "37-2012.00",
      "slug": "role-37-2012-00",
      "title": "Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "35-3041.00",
      "slug": "role-35-3041-00",
      "title": "Food Servers, Nonrestaurant",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "35-3023.00",
      "slug": "role-35-3023-00",
      "title": "Fast Food and Counter Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9192.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9192-00",
      "title": "Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "37-2011.00",
      "slug": "role-37-2011-00",
      "title": "Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "35-2015.00",
      "slug": "role-35-2015-00",
      "title": "Cooks, Short Order",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-3091.00",
      "slug": "role-51-3091-00",
      "title": "Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-9111.00",
      "slug": "role-51-9111-00",
      "title": "Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    }
  ],
  "careerClusters": [
    {
      "cluster": "Hospitality, Events, & Tourism",
      "slug": "hospitality-events-tourism"
    }
  ],
  "educationLevel": {
    "category": "No formal educational credential",
    "slug": "no-formal-educational-credential"
  },
  "studyPrograms": [],
  "market": {
    "medianWage": 33670,
    "meanWage": 33220,
    "pct10Wage": 23960,
    "pct25Wage": 28740,
    "pct75Wage": 36750,
    "pct90Wage": 41600,
    "employment": 471670,
    "areaTitle": "U.S."
  },
  "industries": {
    "top": [
      {
        "naics": "72",
        "slug": "72",
        "title": "Accommodation and Food Services",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 407320,
        "medianWage": 33600,
        "lq": 9.35
      },
      {
        "naics": "722511",
        "slug": "722511",
        "title": "Full-Service Restaurants",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 297980,
        "medianWage": 33280,
        "lq": 18.17
      },
      {
        "naics": "62",
        "slug": "62",
        "title": "Health Care and Social Assistance",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 17470,
        "medianWage": 34140,
        "lq": 0.25
      },
      {
        "naics": "71",
        "slug": "71",
        "title": "Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 15350,
        "medianWage": 34020,
        "lq": 1.9
      },
      {
        "naics": "56",
        "slug": "56",
        "title": "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 9720,
        "medianWage": 33300,
        "lq": 0.35
      },
      {
        "naics": "561320",
        "slug": "561320",
        "title": "Temporary Help Services",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 7500,
        "medianWage": 32130,
        "lq": 0.92
      },
      {
        "naics": "44-45",
        "slug": "44-45",
        "title": "Retail Trade",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 6970,
        "medianWage": 34760,
        "lq": 0.15
      },
      {
        "naics": "721120",
        "slug": "721120",
        "title": "Casino Hotels",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 6030,
        "medianWage": 43350,
        "lq": 5.85
      },
      {
        "naics": "31-33",
        "slug": "31-33",
        "title": "Manufacturing",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 5720,
        "medianWage": 33390,
        "lq": 0.15
      },
      {
        "naics": "81",
        "slug": "81",
        "title": "Other Services (except Public Administration)",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 2860,
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        "employment": 297980,
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      "source": "frey_osborne",
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      "source": "felten_aioe",
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      "scale": "relative exposure score",
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    {
      "source": "felten_image_generation_aioe",
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    {
      "source": "felten_language_modeling_aioe",
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        {
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        "source": "felten_aioe",
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        "note": "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."
      },
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        "source": "eloundou_gamma",
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        "note": "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."
      },
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        "source": "microsoft_applicability",
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        "note": "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."
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      "source": "frey",
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      "note": "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."
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      {
        "source": "dingel_neiman",
        "version": "dingel-neiman-workathome"
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      {
        "source": "felten_aioe",
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      {
        "source": "frey_osborne",
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        "source": "microsoft_working_with_ai",
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        "source": "openai_gpts_are_gpts",
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    "version": "30.3",
    "generatedAt": "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00",
    "contentHash": "e6a4bdd5c089f9cf"
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}