# Cooks, Restaurant

> Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 35-2014.00
- **Summary:** Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu.

## Aliases

- Cook
- Grill Cook
- Line Cook
- Prep Cook (Preparation Cook)
- Back Line Cook
- Banquet Cook
- Breakfast Cook
- Fry Cook
- Prep Person (Preparation Person)
- Saucier
- Back of House Team Member (BOH Team Member)
- Broiler Cook

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters. | Core | 4.A.1.a.2.a |
| Inspect and clean food preparation areas, such as equipment, work surfaces, and serving areas, to ensure safe and sanitary food-handling practices. | Core | 4.A.1.b.2.e |
| Portion, arrange, and garnish food, and serve food to waiters or patrons. | Core | 4.A.3.a.1.o |
| Ensure freshness of food and ingredients by checking for quality, keeping track of old and new items, and rotating stock. | Core | 4.A.1.b.2.f |
| Season and cook food according to recipes or personal judgment and experience. | Core | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Coordinate and supervise work of kitchen staff. | Core | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. | Core | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment. | Core | 4.A.1.b.3.a |
| Turn or stir foods to ensure even cooking. | Core | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Observe and test foods to determine if they have been cooked sufficiently, using methods such as tasting, smelling, or piercing them with utensils. | Core | 4.A.1.b.2.f |
| Substitute for or assist other cooks during emergencies or rush periods. | Core | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Wash, peel, cut, and seed fruits and vegetables to prepare them for consumption. | Core | 4.A.3.a.2.c |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Inspect facilities, equipment or supplies to ensure conformance to standards. | 4.A.1.b.2.e |
| Clean food preparation areas, facilities, or equipment. | 4.A.3.a.1.c |
| Assess equipment functioning. | 4.A.1.a.2.a |
| Check quality of foods or supplies. | 4.A.1.b.2.f |
| Maintain food, beverage, or equipment inventories. | 4.A.4.c.3.a |
| Cook foods. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Measure ingredients. | 4.A.1.b.3.a |
| Mix ingredients. | 4.A.3.a.1.a |
| Serve food or beverages. | 4.A.3.a.1.o |
| Arrange food for serving. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Assist chefs or caterers with food or drink preparation. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Prepare foods for cooking or serving. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Estimate supplies, ingredients, or staff requirements for food preparation activities. | 4.A.2.b.1.h |
| Order materials, supplies, or equipment. | 4.A.4.c.3.e |
| Cut cooked or raw foods. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Coordinate activities of food service staff. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Plan menu options. | 4.A.2.b.2.d |
| Prepare breads or doughs. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Record operational or production data. | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Determine prices for menu items. | 4.A.2.b.1.a |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.5 |
| Food Production | knowledge | 3.39 |
| Manual Dexterity | ability | 3.38 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3.12 |
| English Language | knowledge | 3.08 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 3 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 3 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 3 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 3 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3 |
| Perceptual Speed | ability | 3 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3 |
| Time Sharing | ability | 3 |
| Arm-Hand Steadiness | ability | 3 |
| Finger Dexterity | ability | 3 |
| Control Precision | ability | 3 |
| Trunk Strength | ability | 3 |
| Visual Color Discrimination | ability | 3 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 2.88 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 2.88 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 2.88 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 2.75 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 2.75 |
| Visualization | ability | 2.75 |
| Multilimb Coordination | ability | 2.75 |
| Far Vision | ability | 2.75 |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 2.65 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 2.62 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 2.62 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 2.62 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 2.62 |
| Stamina | ability | 2.62 |
| Extent Flexibility | ability | 2.62 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 2.5 |
| Operations Monitoring | transferable_skill | 2.5 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 2.5 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Facebook | Specialized Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Selection | Specialized Skill |
| Depth Perception | Common Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Installation | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Maintenance | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Facebook | Web page creation and editing software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | no |
| Food safety labeling systems | Compliance software | no | no |
| Menu planning software | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Point of sale POS restaurant software | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| Recipe cost control software | Materials requirements planning logistics and supply chain software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 4.81 |
| Spend Time Standing | 4.76 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 4.71 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 4.55 |
| Contact With Others | 4.11 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.1 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.08 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 4.06 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 4.01 |
| Physical Proximity | 3.97 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 3.96 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 3.87 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 3.81 |
| Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings | 3.8 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 3.78 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 3.67 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 3.63 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 3.49 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 3.42 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 3.26 |
| Time Pressure | 3.03 |
| Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures | 3.01 |
| Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body | 2.72 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 2.67 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 2.59 |
| Consequence of Error | 2.59 |
| Level of Competition | 2.59 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 2.53 |
| Conflict Situations | 2.48 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 2.42 |
| Degree of Automation | 2.3 |
| Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance | 2.2 |
| Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions | 2.07 |
| Telephone Conversations | 2.05 |
| Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling | 1.94 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 1.86 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | 1.84 |
| Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions | 1.81 |
| E-Mail | 1.73 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 1.59 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 2
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- **Experience:** Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- **Svp Range:** (Below 6.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| High School Diploma | 47.33 |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 34.43 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 11.79 |
| Some College Courses | 6.37 |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 0.07 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Culinary Art | specific_interest_area | 6.5 |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 5.63 |
| Physical/Manual Labor | specific_interest_area | 4.12 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 3.8 |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 3.69 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 2.88 |
| Artistic | career_interest_type | 2.71 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 2.52 |
| Dependability | work_style | 2.41 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 2.02 |
| Personal Service | specific_interest_area | 1.94 |
| Accounting | specific_interest_area | 1.79 |
| Applied Arts and Design | specific_interest_area | 1.67 |
| Cooperation | work_style | 1.63 |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 1.56 |
| Stress Tolerance | work_style | 1.55 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 35-2015.00 | role-35-2015-00 | Cooks, Short Order | Primary-Short |
| 35-2012.00 | role-35-2012-00 | Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria | Primary-Short |
| 35-2021.00 | role-35-2021-00 | Food Preparation Workers | Primary-Short |
| 51-3011.00 | role-51-3011-00 | Bakers | Primary-Short |
| 35-2011.00 | role-35-2011-00 | Cooks, Fast Food | Primary-Short |
| 51-3021.00 | role-51-3021-00 | Butchers and Meat Cutters | Primary-Long |
| 35-2013.00 | role-35-2013-00 | Cooks, Private Household | Primary-Long |
| 35-1011.00 | role-35-1011-00 | Chefs and Head Cooks | Primary-Long |
| 51-3093.00 | role-51-3093-00 | Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders | Primary-Long |
| 51-3092.00 | role-51-3092-00 | Food Batchmakers | Primary-Long |
| 35-3023.00 | role-35-3023-00 | Fast Food and Counter Workers | Supplemental |
| 35-3041.00 | role-35-3041-00 | Food Servers, Nonrestaurant | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Hospitality, Events, & Tourism | hospitality-events-tourism |

## Education Level

- **Category:** No formal educational credential

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Culinary, Entertainment, and Personal Services | culinary-entertainment-and-personal-services |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 36830
- **Mean Wage:** 37730
- **Pct10Wage:** 28010
- **Pct25Wage:** 31310
- **Pct75Wage:** 43610
- **Pct90Wage:** 47340
- **Employment:** 1452130
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 72 | 72 | Accommodation and Food Services | Sector | 1356300 | 36750 | 10.12 |
| 722511 | 722511 | Full-Service Restaurants | National industry | 1078250 | 36770 | 21.36 |
| 71 | 71 | Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation | Sector | 49840 | 39320 | 2 |
| 721120 | 721120 | Casino Hotels | National industry | 15900 | 46160 | 5.01 |
| 44-45 | 44-45 | Retail Trade | Sector | 13000 | 37470 | 0.09 |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 9490 | 36960 | 0.08 |
| 56 | 56 | Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | Sector | 9260 | 38600 | 0.11 |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector | 7250 | 36900 | 0.17 |
| 561320 | 561320 | Temporary Help Services | National industry | 5900 | 38340 | 0.24 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 2000 | 37520 | 0.01 |
| 713940 | 713940 | Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers | National industry | 1890 | 39320 | 0.32 |
| 53 | 53 | Real Estate and Rental and Leasing | Sector | 1520 | 38680 | 0.07 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 722511 | 722511 | Full-Service Restaurants | National industry | 1078250 | 21.36 |
| 72 | 72 | Accommodation and Food Services | Sector | 1356300 | 10.12 |
| 721120 | 721120 | Casino Hotels | National industry | 15900 | 5.01 |
| 71 | 71 | Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation | Sector | 49840 | 2 |
| 711110 | 711110 | Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters | National industry | 790 | 1.16 |
| 713940 | 713940 | Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers | National industry | 1890 | 0.32 |
| 561320 | 561320 | Temporary Help Services | National industry | 5900 | 0.24 |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector | 7250 | 0.17 |
- **Count:** 21

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.96 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | -0.7418264 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | -0.5278708 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | -0.7585588 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 36
- **Percentile:** 34
- **Band:** Moderate
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 27 | felten_aioe |
| 20 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 60 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | -0.7418264 | 27 | Low | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.16216216216216217 | 20 | Low | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.17249634309828463 | 60 | Moderate | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.96
- **Percentile:** 91
- **Band:** High
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** no

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.02702702702702703
- **Beta:** 0.0945945945945946
- **Gamma:** 0.16216216216216217

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment. | 0.03738563487792153 | 4.47 |
| Plan and price menu items. | 0.023622791269016348 | 3.46 |
| Bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. | 0.01571429158330218 | 4.53 |
| Turn or stir foods to ensure even cooking. | 0.007908499685714167 | 4.39 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** 14.9
- **Growth Percentile:** 97
- **Direction:** Growing fast
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 250.7
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 99
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 1460.2
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 1677.2

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Ai Playbook

- **Trusted Task Count:** 4
- **Task Count:** 4
- **Total Sample:** 572
- **Autonomy Median:** 4
- **Dominant Collaboration:** directive
- **Automation Share:** 49.82
- **Augmentation Share:** 36.71
- **Work Use Percent:** 10.31

### Collaboration

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| directive | 46.5 |
| task iteration | 30.24 |
| learning | 6.47 |
| feedback loop | 3.32 |

### Use Case

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| personal | 87.24 |
| work | 10.31 |

### Delegated Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Collaboration | Autonomy Median | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Plan and price menu items. | 0.029403675459432427 | directive | 4 | 294 |
| Weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment. | 0.015801975246905863 | directive | 4 | 158 |
| Bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. | 0.00840105013126641 | directive | 4 | 84 |
| Ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters. | 0.003600450056257032 | directive | 3 | 36 |

### Boundary Tasks

| Task | Human Needed Percent | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment. | 100 | 158 |
| Bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. | 100 | 84 |
| Plan and price menu items. | 97.95918367346938 | 294 |
| Ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters. | 97.22222222222221 | 36 |

### Seed Prompts

| Prompt | Collaboration |
| --- | --- |
| Do this for me: plan and price menu items. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
| Do this for me: weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
| Do this for me: bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
| Do this for me: ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
- **Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 20
- **Skills:** 35
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 9
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** be8904f538e8bd57