# First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

> Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in preparing and serving food.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 35-1012.00
- **Summary:** Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in preparing and serving food.

## Aliases

- Dietary Supervisor
- Food Service Supervisor
- Kitchen Manager
- Restaurant Manager
- Cafeteria Manager
- Dining Services Director
- Food Production Supervisor
- Food and Beverage Director
- Food and Nutrition Services Supervisor
- Kitchen Supervisor
- Banquet Captain
- Banquet Supervisor

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Compile and balance cash receipts at the end of the day or shift. | Supplemental | 4.A.2.a.2.d |
| Forecast staff, equipment, and supply requirements, based on a master menu. | Supplemental | 4.A.2.b.1.h |
| Assess nutritional needs of patients, plan special menus, supervise the assembly of regular and special diet trays, and oversee the delivery of food trolleys to hospital patients. | Supplemental | 4.A.2.b.2.d |
| Perform personnel actions, such as hiring and firing staff, providing employee orientation and training, and conducting supervisory activities, such as creating work schedules or organizing employee time sheets. | Supplemental | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Record production, operational, and personnel data on specified forms. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Resolve customer complaints regarding food service. | Core | 4.A.4.a.8.c |
| Estimate ingredients and supplies required to prepare a recipe. | Supplemental | 4.A.2.b.1.h |
| Train workers in food preparation, and in service, sanitation, and safety procedures. | Core | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Assign duties, responsibilities, and work stations to employees in accordance with work requirements. | Core | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Present bills and accept payments. | Core | 4.A.4.c.1.c |
| Perform food preparation and serving duties, such as carving meat, preparing flambe dishes, or serving wine and liquor. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Purchase or requisition supplies and equipment needed to ensure quality and timely delivery of services. | Supplemental | 4.A.4.c.3.e |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Manage food service operations or parts of operations. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Clean food preparation areas, facilities, or equipment. | 4.A.3.a.1.c |
| Monitor food services operations to ensure procedures are followed. | 4.A.1.a.2.b |
| Perform human resources activities. | 4.A.4.c.2.b |
| Train food preparation or food service personnel. | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Cut cooked or raw foods. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Prepare foods for cooking or serving. | 4.A.3.a.2.c |
| Record operational or production data. | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Plan menu options. | 4.A.2.b.2.d |
| Balance receipts. | 4.A.2.a.2.d |
| Communicate with customers to resolve complaints or ensure satisfaction. | 4.A.4.a.8.c |
| Inspect facilities, equipment or supplies to ensure conformance to standards. | 4.A.1.b.2.e |
| Maintain food, beverage, or equipment inventories. | 4.A.4.c.3.a |
| Coordinate activities of food service staff. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Estimate supplies, ingredients, or staff requirements for food preparation activities. | 4.A.2.b.1.h |
| Coordinate timing of food production activities. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Present food or beverage information or menus to customers. | 4.A.4.a.3.c |
| Assist customers with seating arrangements. | 4.A.4.a.5.j |
| Process customer bills or payments. | 4.A.4.c.1.c |
| Order materials, supplies, or equipment. | 4.A.4.c.3.e |
| Schedule dining reservations. | 4.A.2.b.5.a |
| Schedule equipment maintenance. | 4.A.2.b.5.b |
| Evaluate quality of materials or products. | 4.A.2.a.1.e |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 4.14 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | transferable_skill | 4 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 4 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 3.88 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3.88 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 3.75 |
| Instructing | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 3.75 |
| Service Orientation | transferable_skill | 3.62 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3.62 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.58 |
| Food Production | knowledge | 3.51 |
| English Language | knowledge | 3.5 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.5 |
| Production and Processing | knowledge | 3.34 |
| Sales and Marketing | knowledge | 3.31 |
| Education and Training | knowledge | 3.29 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 3.25 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | knowledge | 3.13 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Learning Strategies | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Negotiation | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 3.12 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 3 |
| Mathematics | essential_skill | 3 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 3 |
| Persuasion | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Systems Analysis | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Systems Evaluation | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Management of Material Resources | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Written Expression | ability | 3 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 3 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 3 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Project | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Publisher | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Dynamics | Specialized Skill |
| Evernote | Specialized Skill |
| Depth Perception | Common Skill |
| ADP Workforce Now | Specialized Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Maintenance | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Selection | Specialized Skill |
| Project Management Software | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Project | Project management software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | no |
| ADP Workforce Now | Human resources software | no | no |
| CaterPro | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| CBORD Foodservice Suite | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| CBORD Group Menu Management System | Inventory management software | no | no |
| Compeat Restaurant Accounting Systems | Accounting software | no | no |
| Compris Advanced Manager's Workstation | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| Compris software | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| CostGuard | Accounting software | no | no |
| Delphi Technology | Financial analysis software | no | no |
| Evernote | Word processing software | no | no |
| IBM Domino | Communications server software | no | no |
| Intuit QuickBooks Point of Sale | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| MICROS Systems HSI Profits Series | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| Microsoft Dynamics | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | no | no |
| Microsoft Publisher | Desktop publishing software | no | no |
| NCR Advanced Checkout Solution | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| NCR NeighborhoodPOS | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| Ordering and purchasing software | Procurement software | no | no |
| ParTech PixelPoint POS | Point of sale POS software | no | no |
| Quizlet | Computer based training software | no | no |
| Regnow Chrysanth Inventory Manager | Inventory management software | no | no |
| Restaurant Operations & Management Spreadsheet Library | Spreadsheet software | no | no |
| Sage 50 Accounting | Accounting software | no | no |
| SoftCafe ScheduleWriter | Human resources software | no | no |
| Staff scheduling software | Calendar and scheduling software | no | no |
| The General Store | Point of sale POS software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Telephone Conversations | 4.7 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 4.68 |
| Contact With Others | 4.58 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.43 |
| Physical Proximity | 4.36 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 4.1 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.1 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 3.92 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 3.85 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 3.85 |
| Spend Time Standing | 3.75 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 3.74 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 3.72 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 3.7 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 3.66 |
| Public Speaking | 3.58 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 3.58 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 3.48 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 3.46 |
| Time Pressure | 3.44 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 3.27 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 3.17 |
| Conflict Situations | 3.16 |
| E-Mail | 3.07 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 2.98 |
| Consequence of Error | 2.93 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 2.81 |
| Degree of Automation | 2.71 |
| Level of Competition | 2.69 |
| Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings | 2.64 |
| Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body | 2.52 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 1.99 |
| Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People | 1.98 |
| Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling | 1.88 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 1.87 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 1.82 |
| Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled | 1.72 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 1.61 |
| Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance | 1.5 |
| Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures | 1.37 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 2
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- **Experience:** Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- **Svp Range:** (Below 6.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| High School Diploma | 69.59 |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 27.15 |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 1.86 |
| Some College Courses | 1.35 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 0.05 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 6.36 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 5.85 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 4.72 |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 4.6 |
| Culinary Art | specific_interest_area | 4.11 |
| Dependability | work_style | 4 |
| Personal Service | specific_interest_area | 3.76 |
| Human Resources | specific_interest_area | 3.64 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 3.37 |
| Business Initiatives | specific_interest_area | 3.04 |
| Cooperation | work_style | 3 |
| Accounting | specific_interest_area | 2.96 |
| Leadership Orientation | work_style | 2.49 |
| Teaching/Education | specific_interest_area | 2.18 |
| Social Orientation | work_style | 2.13 |
| Finance | specific_interest_area | 2.12 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 39-1014.00 | role-39-1014-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services | Primary-Short |
| 37-1011.00 | role-37-1011-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers | Primary-Short |
| 45-1011.00 | role-45-1011-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers | Primary-Short |
| 41-1012.00 | role-41-1012-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers | Primary-Short |
| 51-1011.00 | role-51-1011-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers | Primary-Short |
| 43-1011.00 | role-43-1011-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers | Primary-Long |
| 41-1011.00 | role-41-1011-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers | Primary-Long |
| 49-1011.00 | role-49-1011-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | Primary-Long |
| 53-1044.00 | role-53-1044-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants | Primary-Long |
| 53-1042.00 | role-53-1042-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand | Primary-Long |
| 53-1043.00 | role-53-1043-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators | Supplemental |
| 39-1022.00 | role-39-1022-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Hospitality, Events, & Tourism | hospitality-events-tourism |

## Education Level

- **Category:** High school diploma or equivalent

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Culinary, Entertainment, and Personal Services | culinary-entertainment-and-personal-services |
| Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences | family-and-consumer-sciences-human-sciences |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 42010
- **Mean Wage:** 44900
- **Pct10Wage:** 29340
- **Pct25Wage:** 35400
- **Pct75Wage:** 50920
- **Pct90Wage:** 63420
- **Employment:** 1187460
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 72 | 72 | Accommodation and Food Services | Sector | 1010610 | 39520 | 9.22 |
| 722511 | 722511 | Full-Service Restaurants | National industry | 291090 | 47100 | 7.05 |
| 44-45 | 44-45 | Retail Trade | Sector | 45240 | 45740 | 0.38 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 37970 | 45070 | 0.36 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 35220 | 51080 | 0.2 |
| 71 | 71 | Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation | Sector | 20570 | 48530 | 1.01 |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 8410 | 47280 | 0.09 |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector | 6400 | 39810 | 0.19 |
| 721120 | 721120 | Casino Hotels | National industry | 4320 | 54070 | 1.66 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 3130 | 51350 | 0.14 |
| 51 | 51 | Information | Sector | 2140 | 38640 | 0.1 |
| 713940 | 713940 | Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers | National industry | 1190 | 42880 | 0.25 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 72 | 72 | Accommodation and Food Services | Sector | 1010610 | 9.22 |
| 722511 | 722511 | Full-Service Restaurants | National industry | 291090 | 7.05 |
| 721120 | 721120 | Casino Hotels | National industry | 4320 | 1.66 |
| 71 | 71 | Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation | Sector | 20570 | 1.01 |
| 711110 | 711110 | Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters | National industry | 470 | 0.84 |
| 44-45 | 44-45 | Retail Trade | Sector | 45240 | 0.38 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 37970 | 0.36 |
| 623220 | 623220 | Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities | National industry | 630 | 0.32 |
- **Count:** 25

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.63 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | -0.2575492 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | -0.5156132 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | -0.1501443 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 48
- **Percentile:** 47
- **Band:** Moderate
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 42 | felten_aioe |
| 65 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 37 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | -0.2575492 | 42 | Moderate | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.8 | 65 | Moderate | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.11669102551118234 | 37 | Moderate | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.63
- **Percentile:** 53
- **Band:** Moderate
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** no

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.22222222222222224
- **Beta:** 0.5111111111111112
- **Gamma:** 0.8

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Resolve customer complaints regarding food service. | 0.0017460323981446867 | 4.23 |
| Assess nutritional needs of patients, plan special menus, supervise the assembly of regular and special diet trays, and oversee the delivery of food trolleys to hospital patients. | 0.0015406168218923706 | 4.34 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** 6
- **Growth Percentile:** 80
- **Direction:** About average
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 183.9
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 98
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 1215
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 1288

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Ai Playbook

- **Trusted Task Count:** 3
- **Task Count:** 3
- **Total Sample:** 318
- **Autonomy Median:** 4
- **Dominant Collaboration:** directive
- **Automation Share:** 39
- **Augmentation Share:** 50
- **Work Use Percent:** 22.33

### Collaboration

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| directive | 33.65 |
| task iteration | 30.5 |
| learning | 19.5 |
| feedback loop | 5.35 |

### Use Case

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| personal | 74.21 |
| work | 22.33 |

### Delegated Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Collaboration | Autonomy Median | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Train workers in food preparation, and in service, sanitation, and safety procedures. | 0.017102137767220905 | learning | 4 | 171 |
| Specify food portions and courses, production and time sequences, and workstation and equipment arrangements. | 0.01160145018127266 | directive | 4 | 116 |
| Develop departmental objectives, budgets, policies, procedures, and strategies. | 0.0031003875484435553 | task iteration | 4 | 31 |

### Boundary Tasks

| Task | Human Needed Percent | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Develop departmental objectives, budgets, policies, procedures, and strategies. | 100 | 31 |
| Train workers in food preparation, and in service, sanitation, and safety procedures. | 98.83040935672514 | 171 |
| Specify food portions and courses, production and time sequences, and workstation and equipment arrangements. | 97.41379310344827 | 116 |

### Seed Prompts

| Prompt | Collaboration |
| --- | --- |
| Teach me how to train workers in food preparation, and in service, sanitation, and safety procedures, then check my work as I try it myself. | learning |
| Do this for me: specify food portions and courses, production and time sequences, and workstation and equipment arrangements. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
| Let's work through this together, step by step: develop departmental objectives, budgets, policies, procedures, and strategies. I'll give feedback as we go. | task iteration |
- **Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 26
- **Skills:** 45
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 32
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 802edf2262ed2a63