# First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives

> Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 33-1012.00
- **Summary:** Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.

## Aliases

- Lieutenant
- Patrol Sergeant
- Police Captain
- Police Sergeant
- Captain
- Deputy Sheriff
- Detective Sergeant
- Police Chief
- Police Lieutenant
- Shift Supervisor
- Chief Deputy
- Community Relations Police Lieutenant

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Supervise and coordinate the investigation of criminal cases, offering guidance and expertise to investigators, and ensuring that procedures are conducted in accordance with laws and regulations. | Core | 4.A.4.b.4.l |
| Prepare work schedules and assign duties to subordinates. | Core | 4.A.4.b.1.f |
| Investigate and resolve personnel problems within organization and charges of misconduct against staff. | Core | 4.A.4.a.7.a |
| Direct collection, preparation, and handling of evidence and personal property of prisoners. | Core | 4.A.4.c.1.f |
| Explain police operations to subordinates to assist them in performing their job duties. | Core | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Maintain logs, prepare reports, and direct the preparation, handling, and maintenance of departmental records. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Inform personnel of changes in regulations and policies, implications of new or amended laws, and new techniques of police work. | Core | 4.A.4.a.1.b |
| Train staff in proper police work procedures. | Core | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Discipline staff for violation of department rules and regulations. | Core | 4.A.4.b.4.l |
| Monitor and evaluate the job performance of subordinates, and authorize promotions and transfers. | Core | 4.A.2.a.1.d |
| Review contents of written orders to ensure adherence to legal requirements. | Core | 4.A.2.a.3.a |
| Conduct raids and order detention of witnesses and suspects for questioning. | Core | 4.A.3.a.1.k |

## Emerging Tasks

| Text |
| --- |
| Read and review subordinates' reports to ensure legal standards are met and there are no mistakes. |

## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Train employees in proper work procedures. | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Inform others about laws or regulations. | 4.A.4.a.1.b |
| Direct criminal investigations. | 4.A.4.b.4.l |
| Resolve interpersonal conflicts. | 4.A.4.a.7.a |
| Maintain operational records. | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Write operational reports. | 4.A.3.b.6.o |
| Evaluate employee performance. | 4.A.2.a.1.d |
| Direct law enforcement activities. | 4.A.4.b.4.l |
| Process forensic or legal evidence in accordance with procedures. | 4.A.4.c.1.f |
| Develop organizational policies or programs. | 4.A.2.b.4.a |
| Develop organizational methods or procedures. | 4.A.2.b.4.a |
| Detain suspects or witnesses. | 4.A.3.a.1.k |
| Apprehend criminal suspects. | 4.A.3.a.1.k |
| Prepare activity or work schedules. | 4.A.4.b.1.f |
| Testify at legal or legislative proceedings. | 4.A.4.a.3.a |
| Collaborate with law enforcement or security agencies to share information. | 4.A.4.b.1.c |
| Review documents or materials for compliance with policies or regulations. | 4.A.2.a.3.a |
| Inspect facilities to ensure compliance with security or safety regulations. | 4.A.1.b.2.e |
| Inspect equipment to ensure safety or proper functioning. | 4.A.1.b.2.g |
| Prepare investigation or incident reports. | 4.A.3.b.6.b |
| Maintain inventories of materials, equipment, or products. | 4.A.4.c.3.a |
| Collaborate with outside groups to develop programs or projects. | 4.A.4.b.1.c |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Public Safety and Security | knowledge | 4.66 |
| Law and Government | knowledge | 4.55 |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 4.42 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 4 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 4 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 4 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 4 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 4 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 4 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | transferable_skill | 4 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 4 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 4 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.96 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 3.88 |
| Persuasion | transferable_skill | 3.88 |
| Instructing | transferable_skill | 3.88 |
| Written Expression | ability | 3.88 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 3.88 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 3.88 |
| English Language | knowledge | 3.82 |
| Psychology | knowledge | 3.81 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 3.75 |
| Learning Strategies | essential_skill | 3.75 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.75 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.62 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3.62 |
| Service Orientation | transferable_skill | 3.5 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3.5 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3.5 |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.5 |
| Sociology and Anthropology | knowledge | 3.26 |
| Negotiation | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 3.25 |
| Therapy and Counseling | knowledge | 3.19 |
| Education and Training | knowledge | 3.18 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Visio | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Depth Perception | Common Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Internet Explorer | Common Skill |
| Email Software | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Selection | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Maintenance | Specialized Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Presentation Software | Specialized Skill |
| Installation | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Visio | Process mapping and design software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | no |
| Computer aided composite drawing software | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| Computer aided dispatch software | Helpdesk or call center software | no | no |
| Corel WordPerfect Office Suite | Office suite software | no | no |
| Crime mapping software | Map creation software | no | no |
| DesignWare 3D EyeWitness | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| Email software | Electronic mail software | no | no |
| Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System IAFIS | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Law enforcement information databases | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Microsoft Internet Explorer | Internet browser software | no | no |
| National Crime Information Center (NCIC) database | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| National Integrated Ballistics Information Network NIBIN | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Scheduling software | Calendar and scheduling software | no | no |
| SmartDraw Legal | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| Spillman Technologies Records Management | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| The CAD Zone The Crime Zone | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Telephone Conversations | 5 |
| E-Mail | 4.95 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 4.95 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 4.79 |
| Contact With Others | 4.7 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 4.61 |
| In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment | 4.6 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 4.46 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 4.43 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 4.37 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.35 |
| Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions | 4.32 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 4.26 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.25 |
| Conflict Situations | 4.23 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 4.21 |
| Physical Proximity | 4.19 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 4.1 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 4.08 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 4.03 |
| Consequence of Error | 3.85 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Equipment | 3.83 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 3.77 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 3.72 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 3.67 |
| Exposed to Disease or Infections | 3.54 |
| Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures | 3.52 |
| Time Pressure | 3.5 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 3.48 |
| Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People | 3.44 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 3.4 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 3.35 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 3.24 |
| Level of Competition | 3.19 |
| Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled | 3.13 |
| Public Speaking | 3.09 |
| Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection | 3.06 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 3 |
| Spend Time Standing | 2.82 |
| Outdoors, Under Cover | 2.78 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 2
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.
- **Experience:** Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.
- **Svp Range:** (Below 6.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| High School Diploma | 56.42 |
| Some College Courses | 19.62 |
| Bachelor's Degree | 19.42 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 3.62 |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 0.92 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 10 |
| Integrity | work_style | 9 |
| Cautiousness | work_style | 8 |
| Cooperation | work_style | 7 |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 6.88 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 6.33 |
| Protective Service | specific_interest_area | 6.13 |
| Self-Control | work_style | 6 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 5.09 |
| Human Resources | specific_interest_area | 5 |
| Stress Tolerance | work_style | 5 |
| Law | specific_interest_area | 4.42 |
| Public Speaking | specific_interest_area | 4.17 |
| Adaptability | work_style | 4 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 3.78 |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 3.45 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 33-3051.00 | role-33-3051-00 | Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | Primary-Short |
| 33-3021.00 | role-33-3021-00 | Detectives and Criminal Investigators | Primary-Short |
| 33-1011.00 | role-33-1011-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers | Primary-Short |
| 33-1091.00 | role-33-1091-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers | Primary-Short |
| 33-3052.00 | role-33-3052-00 | Transit and Railroad Police | Primary-Short |
| 33-1021.00 | role-33-1021-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers | Primary-Long |
| 53-1044.00 | role-53-1044-00 | First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants | Primary-Long |
| 21-1092.00 | role-21-1092-00 | Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists | Primary-Long |
| 33-3012.00 | role-33-3012-00 | Correctional Officers and Jailers | Primary-Long |
| 33-3011.00 | role-33-3011-00 | Bailiffs | Primary-Long |
| 33-9021.00 | role-33-9021-00 | Private Detectives and Investigators | Supplemental |
| 11-1011.00 | role-11-1011-00 | Chief Executives | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Public Service & Safety | public-service-safety |

## Education Level

- **Category:** High school diploma or equivalent

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Homeland Security, Law Enforcement, Firefighting and Related Protective Services | homeland-security-law-enforcement-firefighting-and-related-protective-services |
| Military Technologies and Applied Sciences | military-technologies-and-applied-sciences |
| Natural Resources and Conservation | natural-resources-and-conservation |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 105980
- **Mean Wage:** 110990
- **Pct10Wage:** 62370
- **Pct25Wage:** 80940
- **Pct75Wage:** 133520
- **Pct90Wage:** 165050
- **Employment:** 153130
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 4350 | 86970 | 0.32 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 280 | 84970 | 0.01 |
| 48-49 | 48-49 | Transportation and Warehousing | Sector |  | 97660 |  |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 4350 | 0.32 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 280 | 0.01 |
- **Count:** 3

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.0044 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | -0.1923298 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | -0.1436702 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | -0.1961966 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 38
- **Percentile:** 36
- **Band:** Moderate
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 43 | felten_aioe |
| 46 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 24 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | -0.1923298 | 43 | Moderate | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.5526315789473684 | 46 | Moderate | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.08268797365364916 | 24 | Low | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.0044
- **Percentile:** 3
- **Band:** Low
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** no

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.10526315789473684
- **Beta:** 0.3289473684210526
- **Gamma:** 0.5526315789473684

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Meet with civic, educational, and community groups to develop community programs and events, and to discuss law enforcement subjects. | 0.0022595713387754766 | 3.64 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** 2.9
- **Growth Percentile:** 50
- **Direction:** About average
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 10.9
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 65
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 160.8
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 165.4

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Ai Playbook

- **Trusted Task Count:** 1
- **Task Count:** 4
- **Total Sample:** 100
- **Autonomy Median:** 4
- **Dominant Collaboration:** learning
- **Augmentation Share:** 60.87

### Collaboration

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| learning | 60.87 |

### Use Case

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| personal | 73.91 |

### Delegated Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Collaboration | Autonomy Median | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Inform personnel of changes in regulations and policies, implications of new or amended laws, and new techniques of police work. | 0.004600575071883986 | learning | 4 | 46 |

### Boundary Tasks

| Task | Human Needed Percent | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inform personnel of changes in regulations and policies, implications of new or amended laws, and new techniques of police work. | 97.82608695652173 | 46 |

### Seed Prompts

| Prompt | Collaboration |
| --- | --- |
| Teach me how to inform personnel of changes in regulations and policies, implications of new or amended laws, and new techniques of police work, then check my work as I try it myself. | learning |
- **Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 20
- **Skills:** 40
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 23
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** b3eab903cffb0d28