entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-29-1299-02"
socCode = "29-1299.02"
title = "Orthoptists"
summary = "Diagnose and treat visual system disorders such as binocular vision and eye movement impairments."
aliases = ["Certified Orthoptist", "Clinical Orthoptist (CO)", "Orthoptist"]
emergingTasks = []
aiSignals = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "5"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree)."
experience = "Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job."
svpRange = "(8.0 and above)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Baccalaureate Certificate"
percentage = 78.57

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Bachelor's Degree"
percentage = 7.14

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "First Professional Degree"
percentage = 7.14

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 3.57

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Master's Degree"
percentage = 3.57

[educationLevel]
category = "Master's degree"
slug = "master-s-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 113730
meanWage = 128680
pct10Wage = 65210
pct25Wage = 83350
pct75Wage = 161350
pct90Wage = 194000
employment = 30870
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 12

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1010
medianWage = 78630
lq = 0.37

[[industries.top]]
naics = "52"
slug = "52"
title = "Finance and Insurance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 130
medianWage = 111260
lq = 0.1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 100
medianWage = 67000
lq = 0.06

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 90
medianWage = 90250

[[industries.top]]
naics = "524114"
slug = "524114"
title = "Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 70
medianWage = 119940

[[industries.top]]
naics = "621420"
slug = "621420"
title = "Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 60

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 40
medianWage = 105930

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 30
medianWage = 134830

[[industries.top]]
naics = "44-45"
slug = "44-45"
title = "Retail Trade"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 79720

[[industries.top]]
naics = "456110"
slug = "456110"
title = "Pharmacies and Drug Retailers"
level = "National industry"
medianWage = 86290

[[industries.top]]
naics = "624120"
slug = "624120"
title = "Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities"
level = "National industry"
medianWage = 37460

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 73030

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1010
lq = 0.37

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "52"
slug = "52"
title = "Finance and Insurance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 130
lq = 0.1

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 100
lq = 0.06

[aiOutlook]
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 60
percentile = 59
band = "Moderate"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 2

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 75
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 44
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.1875
beta = 0.53125
gamma = 0.875

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 2
growthPercentile = 40
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 2.4
annualOpeningsPercentile = 31
employment2024Thousands = 41.3
employment2034Thousands = 42.2

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.875
percentile = 75
band = "High"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.13356441218665138
percentile = 44
band = "Moderate"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Interpret clinical or diagnostic test results."
usagePercent = 0.011092441117625067
importance = 4.7

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Prepare diagnostic or treatment reports for other medical practitioners or therapists."
usagePercent = 0.009654532083858854
importance = 4.04

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 16
skills = 37
capabilities = 120
tools = 12
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "13a2e32f7d9077d6"

[[tasks]]
text = "Examine patients with problems related to ocular motility, binocular vision, amblyopia, or strabismus."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Evaluate, diagnose, or treat disorders of the visual system with an emphasis on binocular vision or abnormal eye movements."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide instructions to patients or family members concerning diagnoses or treatment plans."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Perform diagnostic tests or measurements, such as motor testing, visual acuity testing, lensometry, retinoscopy, and color vision testing."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide nonsurgical interventions, including corrective lenses, patches, drops, fusion exercises, or stereograms, to treat conditions such as strabismus, heterophoria, and convergence insufficiency."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.l"

[[tasks]]
text = "Develop nonsurgical treatment plans for patients with conditions such as strabismus, nystagmus, and other visual disorders."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Interpret clinical or diagnostic test results."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Develop or use special test and communication techniques to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of children or patients with disabilities."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.i"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide training related to clinical methods or orthoptics to students, resident physicians, or other health professionals."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Refer patients to ophthalmic surgeons or other physicians."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Prepare diagnostic or treatment reports for other medical practitioners or therapists."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Collaborate with ophthalmologists, optometrists, or other specialists in the diagnosis, treatment, or management of conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal diseases."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Assist healthcare practitioners during examinations or treatments."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Treat chronic diseases or disorders."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.l"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop medical treatment plans."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Test patient vision."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Examine patients to assess general physical condition."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Diagnose medical conditions."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Explain medical procedures or test results to patients or family members."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop health assessment methods or programs."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare reports summarizing patient diagnostic or care activities."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.s"

[[activities]]
name = "Present medical research reports."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Train medical providers."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.f"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Medicine and Dentistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.22

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.22

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.74

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.74

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Science"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Psychology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.37

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Instructing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Biology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.22

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Evaluation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Originality"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Email Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Medical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Computer Aided Vision Therapy CAVT"
category = "Medical software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Computer perceptual processing software"
category = "Computer based training software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Email software"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Eye Tracking Exercises Enterprises Track with Letters"
category = "Eye tracking software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "HTS Vision CVS2"
category = "Eye tracking software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "HTS Vision HTS2 Computerized Binocular Home Eye Exercise System"
category = "Eye tracking software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "MAX Systems Max-Gold Medical Clinic Software"
category = "Medical software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SeeRite Flash and Match"
category = "Computer based training software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Therapeutic orthoptic software"
category = "Medical software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.63

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 4.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.54

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 4.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 4.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 4.22

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 4.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 4.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.56

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 3.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.37

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 2.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.46

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 2.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.33

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 2.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling"
value = 1.89

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People"
value = 1.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 1.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 1.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 1.54

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 1.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 1.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 1.42

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.38

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.74

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.88

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.77

[[personFit]]
name = "Medical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.57

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.82

[[personFit]]
name = "Teaching/Education"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.38

[[personFit]]
name = "Life Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.07

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Social Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.52

[[personFit]]
name = "Cooperation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.22

[[personFit]]
name = "Personal Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.21

[[personFit]]
name = "Social Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.09

[[personFit]]
name = "Empathy"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.04

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1241.00"
slug = "role-29-1241-00"
title = "Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1041.00"
slug = "role-29-1041-00"
title = "Optometrists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1214.00"
slug = "role-29-1214-00"
title = "Emergency Medicine Physicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1229.04"
slug = "role-29-1229-04"
title = "Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1217.00"
slug = "role-29-1217-00"
title = "Neurologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1216.00"
slug = "role-29-1216-00"
title = "General Internal Medicine Physicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1229.01"
slug = "role-29-1229-01"
title = "Allergists and Immunologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1243.00"
slug = "role-29-1243-00"
title = "Pediatric Surgeons"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1213.00"
slug = "role-29-1213-00"
title = "Dermatologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1071.00"
slug = "role-29-1071-00"
title = "Physician Assistants"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1222.00"
slug = "role-29-1222-00"
title = "Physicians, Pathologists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1215.00"
slug = "role-29-1215-00"
title = "Family Medicine Physicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Healthcare & Human Services"
slug = "healthcare-human-services"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Health Professions and Related Programs"
slug = "health-professions-and-related-programs"
