# Physicians, Pathologists

> Diagnose diseases and conduct lab tests using organs, body tissues, and fluids. Includes medical examiners.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 29-1222.00
- **Summary:** Diagnose diseases and conduct lab tests using organs, body tissues, and fluids. Includes medical examiners.

## Aliases

- Anatomic Pathologist
- Dermatopathologist
- Forensic Pathologist
- Pathologist
- Cytopathologist
- Hematopathologist
- Neuropathologist
- Oral Pathologist
- Surgical Pathologist
- Animal Pathologist
- Autopsy Pathologist
- Chemical Pathologist

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Examine microscopic samples to identify diseases or other abnormalities. | Core | 4.A.2.a.4.j |
| Diagnose diseases or study medical conditions, using techniques such as gross pathology, histology, cytology, cytopathology, clinical chemistry, immunology, flow cytometry, or molecular biology. | Core | 4.A.2.b.1.f |
| Write pathology reports summarizing analyses, results, and conclusions. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.f |
| Communicate pathologic findings to surgeons or other physicians. | Core | 4.A.4.a.2.d |
| Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological change, and clinical significance of diseases. | Core | 4.A.1.a.1.p |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in pathology. | Core | 4.A.2.b.3.a |
| Consult with physicians about ordering and interpreting tests or providing treatments. | Core | 4.A.4.a.2.d |
| Analyze and interpret results from tests, such as microbial or parasite tests, urine analyses, hormonal assays, fine needle aspirations (FNAs), and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). | Core | 4.A.2.a.4.f |
| Review cases by analyzing autopsies, laboratory findings, or case investigation reports. | Core | 4.A.2.a.4.f |
| Manage medical laboratories. | Core | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Diagnose infections, such as Hepatitis B and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), by conducting tests to detect the antibodies that patients' immune systems make to fight such infections. | Supplemental | 4.A.1.b.2.a |
| Obtain specimens by performing procedures, such as biopsies or fine needle aspirations (FNAs) of superficial nodules. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.a.2.al |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Testify at legal or legislative proceedings. | 4.A.4.a.3.a |
| Analyze medical data to determine cause of death. | 4.A.2.a.4.f |
| Manage healthcare operations. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Maintain medical or professional knowledge. | 4.A.2.b.3.a |
| Develop health assessment methods or programs. | 4.A.2.b.2.i |
| Train medical providers. | 4.A.4.b.3.f |
| Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues. | 4.A.1.a.1.s |
| Present medical research reports. | 4.A.3.b.6.c |
| Supervise technical medical personnel. | 4.A.4.b.4.a |
| Collect biological specimens from patients. | 4.A.3.a.2.al |
| Research microbiological or chemical processes or structures. | 4.A.1.a.1.p |
| Test biological specimens to gather information about patient conditions. | 4.A.1.b.2.a |
| Diagnose medical conditions. | 4.A.2.b.1.f |
| Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems. | 4.A.2.a.4.j |
| Prepare reports summarizing patient diagnostic or care activities. | 4.A.3.b.6.f |
| Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment. | 4.A.2.a.4.f |
| Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals. | 4.A.4.a.2.d |
| Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment. | 4.A.4.a.2.d |
| Operate laboratory equipment to analyze medical samples. | 4.A.3.a.3.i |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Medicine and Dentistry | knowledge | 4.85 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 4.75 |
| Biology | knowledge | 4.51 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 4.38 |
| English Language | knowledge | 4.26 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 4.25 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 4.25 |
| Written Expression | ability | 4.25 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 4.12 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 4.12 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 4.12 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 4 |
| Science | essential_skill | 4 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 4 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 4 |
| Near Vision | ability | 4 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 3.88 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.88 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3.88 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 3.75 |
| Flexibility of Closure | ability | 3.75 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.75 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3.5 |
| Education and Training | knowledge | 3.41 |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 3.4 |
| Instructing | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Chemistry | knowledge | 3.17 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.13 |
| Learning Strategies | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Computers and Electronics | knowledge | 3.12 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 3.12 |
| Speed of Closure | ability | 3.12 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3.12 |
| Visual Color Discrimination | ability | 3.12 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Depth Perception | Common Skill |
| Database Software | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Selection | Specialized Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Presentation Software | Specialized Skill |
| Medical Software | Specialized Skill |
| Installation | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Maintenance | Specialized Skill |
| Accounting Software | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| SAP software | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | yes | no |
| Accounts receivables system software | Accounting software | no | no |
| Anatomic pathology software | Medical software | no | no |
| Antek HealthWare LabDAQ | Medical software | no | no |
| Aspyra CyberLAB | Medical software | no | no |
| Aspyra CyberPATH | Medical software | no | no |
| Blood Bank Computer Systems Blood Bank Control System | Medical software | no | no |
| Blood bank information systems | Medical software | no | no |
| Cerner CoPathPlus | Medical software | no | no |
| Cerner Millennium PathNet | Medical software | no | no |
| Cerner Millennium PathNet Blood Bank Transfusion | Medical software | no | no |
| Cerner Millennium ProFit | Accounting software | no | no |
| Clinical Information Systems CISLab CPS | Medical software | no | no |
| Clinical Software Solutions CLIN1 Suite | Medical software | no | no |
| ClinLab LIS | Medical software | no | no |
| ComBase | Information retrieval or search software | no | no |
| Comp Pro Med Polytech | Medical software | no | no |
| Computer Service and Support AR 2000 Laboratory Billing System | Accounting software | no | no |
| Computer Trust WinSurge | Medical software | no | no |
| Cortex Medical Management Systems Cortex Medical Billing | Billing and invoicing software | no | no |
| Cortex Medical Management Systems The Gold Standard | Medical software | no | no |
| CPSI CPSI System | Medical software | no | no |
| CSS CLS-2000 | Medical software | no | no |
| Custom Software Systems StarLab | Medical software | no | no |
| Database management software | Data base management system software | no | no |
| Database software | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Digital image databases | Information retrieval or search software | no | no |
| EasyPath Software Pathology Assistant | Medical software | no | no |
| Elekta Impac Software IntelliLab | Medical software | no | no |
| Elekta Impac Software PowerPath | Medical software | no | no |
| EpicLab Laboratory Information System | Medical software | no | no |
| eTeleNext AP Anywhere | Medical software | no | no |
| eTeleNext LIS | Medical software | no | no |
| Fletcher-Flora Health Care Systems FFlex eSuite LIS | Medical software | no | no |
| Fletcher-Flora Health Care Systems LabPak LIS | Medical software | no | no |
| GE Healthcare Centricity Laboratory | Medical software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 4.98 |
| E-Mail | 4.92 |
| Time Pressure | 4.9 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.87 |
| Telephone Conversations | 4.78 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 4.76 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 4.61 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 4.61 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 4.58 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 4.56 |
| Consequence of Error | 4.42 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 4.36 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.34 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 4.26 |
| Contact With Others | 4.1 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 4.1 |
| Level of Competition | 3.99 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 3.88 |
| Exposed to Disease or Infections | 3.8 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 3.72 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 3.61 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 3.53 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 3.32 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 3.03 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | 3.02 |
| Conflict Situations | 2.71 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 2.71 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 2.69 |
| Public Speaking | 2.58 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 2.5 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 2.35 |
| Physical Proximity | 2.31 |
| Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings | 2.31 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 2.27 |
| Degree of Automation | 2.23 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Equipment | 2.16 |
| Spend Time Standing | 2.1 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 2.02 |
| Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection | 1.9 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 1.47 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 5
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
- **Experience:** Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
- **Svp Range:** (8.0 and above)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| Post-Doctoral Training | 62.04 |
| Doctoral Degree | 29.22 |
| Master's Degree | 6 |
| First Professional Degree | 2.74 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 7 |
| Medical Science | specific_interest_area | 6.59 |
| Life Science | specific_interest_area | 6.38 |
| Dependability | work_style | 6 |
| Health Care Service | specific_interest_area | 5.42 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 5 |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 4.86 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 4.72 |
| Physical Science | specific_interest_area | 4.14 |
| Integrity | work_style | 4 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 3.6 |
| Intellectual Curiosity | work_style | 3 |
| Cautiousness | work_style | 3 |
| Mathematics/Statistics | specific_interest_area | 2.84 |
| Teaching/Education | specific_interest_area | 2.61 |
| Protective Service | specific_interest_area | 2.6 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 29-1243.00 | role-29-1243-00 | Pediatric Surgeons | Primary-Short |
| 29-1212.00 | role-29-1212-00 | Cardiologists | Primary-Short |
| 29-1224.00 | role-29-1224-00 | Radiologists | Primary-Short |
| 29-2011.00 | role-29-2011-00 | Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists | Primary-Short |
| 29-1229.01 | role-29-1229-01 | Allergists and Immunologists | Primary-Short |
| 29-1242.00 | role-29-1242-00 | Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric | Primary-Long |
| 29-2011.02 | role-29-2011-02 | Cytotechnologists | Primary-Long |
| 29-2011.04 | role-29-2011-04 | Histotechnologists | Primary-Long |
| 29-1214.00 | role-29-1214-00 | Emergency Medicine Physicians | Primary-Long |
| 19-3039.03 | role-19-3039-03 | Clinical Neuropsychologists | Primary-Long |
| 29-2012.00 | role-29-2012-00 | Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians | Supplemental |
| 29-1241.00 | role-29-1241-00 | Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Healthcare & Human Services | healthcare-human-services |

## Education Level

- **Category:** Doctoral or professional degree

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Health Professions and Related Programs | health-professions-and-related-programs |
| Medical Residency/Fellowship Programs | medical-residency-fellowship-programs |

## Market

- **Mean Wage:** 266020
- **Pct10Wage:** 83930
- **Pct25Wage:** 165940
- **Employment:** 11800
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq | Median Wage |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 10350 | 5.85 |  |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 350 | 0.42 | 154800 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 350 | 0.34 | 224840 |
| 42 | 42 | Wholesale Trade | Sector | 30 |  | 177130 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 10350 | 5.85 |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 350 | 0.42 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 350 | 0.34 |
- **Count:** 4

## Ai Signals


## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 58
- **Percentile:** 57
- **Band:** Moderate
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 75 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 40 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 2

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.8787878787878788 | 75 | High | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.12352632454548217 | 40 | Moderate | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.06060606060606061
- **Beta:** 0.4696969696969697
- **Gamma:** 0.8787878787878788

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Examine microscopic samples to identify diseases or other abnormalities. | 0.020541557625231608 | 4.92 |
| Conduct research and present scientific findings. | 0.006265175075695639 | 3.53 |
| Communicate pathologic findings to surgeons or other physicians. | 0.0038001881606678474 | 4.68 |
| Identify the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological change, and clinical significance of diseases. | 0.0033893570081632153 | 4.67 |
| Develop or adopt new tests or instruments to improve diagnosis of diseases. | 0.0015406168218923706 | 3.73 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** 4.2
- **Growth Percentile:** 66
- **Direction:** About average
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 0.4
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 6
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 12.6
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 13.1

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 19
- **Skills:** 38
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 102
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 697468e27847e6c4