{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-27-4021-00",
  "socCode": "27-4021.00",
  "title": "Photographers",
  "summary": "Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use lighting equipment to enhance a subject's appearance. May use editing software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and photojournalists.",
  "aliases": [
    "Commercial Photographer",
    "Photographer",
    "Photojournalist",
    "Portrait Photographer",
    "Advertising Photographer",
    "Graduation Photographer",
    "Newspaper Photographer",
    "Photo Editor",
    "Sports Photographer",
    "Studio Photographer",
    "Aerial Photographer",
    "Automotive Photographer"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus according to a combination of factors, such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.at"
    },
    {
      "text": "Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.at"
    },
    {
      "text": "Transfer photographs to computers for editing, archiving, and electronic transmission.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.1.d"
    },
    {
      "text": "Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment, such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.e"
    },
    {
      "text": "Take pictures of individuals, families, and small groups, either in studio or on location.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.e"
    },
    {
      "text": "Manipulate and enhance scanned or digital images to create desired effects, using computers and specialized software.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.o"
    },
    {
      "text": "Test equipment prior to use to ensure that it is in good working order.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.at"
    },
    {
      "text": "Enhance, retouch, and resize photographs and negatives, using airbrushing and other techniques.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.as"
    },
    {
      "text": "Estimate or measure light levels, distances, and numbers of exposures needed, using measuring devices and formulas.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.1.d"
    },
    {
      "text": "Perform general office duties, such as scheduling appointments, keeping books, and ordering supplies.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.h"
    },
    {
      "text": "Review sets of photographs to select the best work.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.a"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [
    {
      "text": "Engage in research to learn technological developments and techniques or to develop new photographic procedures and materials."
    },
    {
      "text": "Operate drones to capture aerial photographs and videos, following all regulatory guidelines."
    }
  ],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Convert data among multiple digital or analog formats.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prepare film for distribution or use.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.at"
    },
    {
      "name": "Operate photographic developing or print production equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Write informational material.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.l"
    },
    {
      "name": "Send information, materials or documentation.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.1.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prepare outgoing shipments.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.1.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Operate still or video cameras or related equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Set up still or video cameras or related equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.at"
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine technical requirements of productions or projects.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.1.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Review art or design materials.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Create computer-generated graphics or animation.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.o"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain recording or broadcasting equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.5.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain records, documents, or other files.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.h"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain inventories of materials, equipment, or products.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.3.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Confer with clients to determine needs.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.2.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Select materials or props.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.1.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apply finishes to artwork, crafts, or displays.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.as"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate activities of production personnel.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Research new technologies.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.t"
    },
    {
      "name": "Arrange artwork, products, or props.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.h"
    },
    {
      "name": "Obtain copyrights or other legal permissions.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.q"
    },
    {
      "name": "Construct distinctive physical objects for artistic, functional, or commercial purposes.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.2.ab"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Customer and Personal Service",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Sales and Marketing",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.48
    },
    {
      "name": "Computers and Electronics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.18
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Originality",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Far Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Administration and Management",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Communications and Media",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Visual Color Discrimination",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Fine Arts",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Production and Processing",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Administrative",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Economics and Accounting",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Service Orientation",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Fluency of Ideas",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Clarity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitoring",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Category Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Flexibility of Closure",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adobe Photoshop",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "WordPress",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Word",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Excel",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Access",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Facebook",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adobe InDesign",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adobe Illustrator",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adobe After Effects",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adobe Acrobat",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adobe Photoshop Lightroom",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Google Drive",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Email Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Adobe Photoshop",
      "category": "Graphics or photo imaging software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Adobe Acrobat",
      "category": "Document management software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Adobe After Effects",
      "category": "Video creation and editing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Adobe Creative Cloud software",
      "category": "Graphics or photo imaging software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Adobe Illustrator",
      "category": "Graphics or photo imaging software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Adobe InDesign",
      "category": "Desktop publishing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Apple macOS",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Facebook",
      "category": "Web page creation and editing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Intuit QuickBooks",
      "category": "Accounting software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Access",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Excel",
      "category": "Spreadsheet software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Word",
      "category": "Word processing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "WordPress",
      "category": "Web page creation and editing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Adobe Photoshop Lightroom",
      "category": "Graphics or photo imaging software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Apple Final Cut Pro",
      "category": "Video creation and editing software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Blinkbid",
      "category": "Accounting software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Cradoc fotoBiz",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Email software",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Genbook",
      "category": "Calendar and scheduling software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Google Drive",
      "category": "Cloud-based data access and sharing software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "HindSight InView",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Light Blue Software Light Blue",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "ShootQ photography studio management software",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "ShootZilla",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Simplifi pixifi",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Simply Studio System",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "SmugMug Flickr",
      "category": "Graphics or photo imaging software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "StudioCloud",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "StudioPlus Spectra",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "SuccessWare service management software",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Tave Studio Manager",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Twitter",
      "category": "Instant messaging software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Web browser software",
      "category": "Internet browser software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "WeVideo",
      "category": "Video creation and editing software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "YouTube",
      "category": "Video creation and editing software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "E-Mail",
      "value": 4.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 4.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 4.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.43
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 4.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 4.24
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 4.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 4.09
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 3.91
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 3.91
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 3.9
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 3.82
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 3.82
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 3.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 3.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 3.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 3.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Sitting",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions",
      "value": 3.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 3.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 3.05
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 3.05
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 2.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 2.91
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 2.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Under Cover",
      "value": 2.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions",
      "value": 2.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures",
      "value": 2.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling",
      "value": 2.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body",
      "value": 2.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People",
      "value": 2.41
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 2.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 2.27
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment",
      "value": 2.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 2.09
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance",
      "value": 2
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Speaking",
      "value": 1.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Degree of Automation",
      "value": 1.86
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "3",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.",
    "experience": "Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.",
    "svpRange": "(6.0 to < 7.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "Some College Courses",
        "percentage": 27.27
      },
      {
        "label": "High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 18.18
      },
      {
        "label": "Post-Secondary Certificate",
        "percentage": 13.64
      },
      {
        "label": "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)",
        "percentage": 13.64
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