# Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators

> Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dialogue. Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by mutual consent of parties involved.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 23-1022.00
- **Summary:** Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dialogue. Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by mutual consent of parties involved.

## Aliases

- Alternative Dispute Resolution Coordinator (ADR Coordinator)
- Arbitrator
- Labor Arbitrator
- Mediator
- Arbiter
- Divorce Mediator
- Family Mediator
- Federal Mediator
- Labor Mediator
- Public Employment Mediator
- Adjudicator
- Alternative Dispute Resolution Mediator (ADR Mediator)

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prepare written opinions or decisions regarding cases. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.b |
| Apply relevant laws, regulations, policies, or precedents to reach conclusions. | Core | 4.A.2.a.4.h |
| Conduct hearings to obtain information or evidence relative to disposition of claims. | Core | 4.A.1.a.1.c |
| Determine extent of liability according to evidence, laws, or administrative or judicial precedents. | Core | 4.A.2.b.1.e |
| Rule on exceptions, motions, or admissibility of evidence. | Core | 4.A.2.b.1.e |
| Confer with disputants to clarify issues, identify underlying concerns, and develop an understanding of their respective needs and interests. | Core | 4.A.4.a.2.i |
| Use mediation techniques to facilitate communication between disputants, to further parties' understanding of different perspectives, and to guide parties toward mutual agreement. | Core | 4.A.4.a.7.a |
| Conduct initial meetings with disputants to outline the arbitration process, settle procedural matters, such as fees, or determine details, such as witness numbers or time requirements. | Core | 4.A.4.a.2.i |
| Evaluate information from documents, such as claim applications, birth or death certificates, or physician or employer records. | Core | 4.A.1.a.1.e |
| Research laws, regulations, policies, or precedent decisions to prepare for hearings. | Core | 4.A.1.a.1.e |
| Issue subpoenas or administer oaths to prepare for formal hearings. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.n |
| Set up appointments for parties to meet for mediation. | Core | 4.A.4.b.4.l |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Meet with individuals involved in legal processes to provide information and clarify issues. | 4.A.4.a.2.i |
| Arbitrate disputes between parties to resolve legal conflicts. | 4.A.4.a.7.a |
| Coordinate legal schedules or activities. | 4.A.4.b.4.l |
| Prepare legal documents. | 4.A.3.b.6.n |
| Present social services program information to the public. | 4.A.4.a.3.b |
| Prepare written decisions for legal proceedings. | 4.A.3.b.6.b |
| Rule on admissibility of legal proceedings. | 4.A.2.b.1.e |
| Evaluate information related to legal matters in public or personal records. | 4.A.1.a.1.e |
| Interview claimants to get information related to legal proceedings. | 4.A.1.a.1.w |
| Research relevant legal materials to aid decision making. | 4.A.1.a.1.e |
| Identify implications for cases from legal precedents or other legal information. | 4.A.2.a.4.h |
| Provide legal advice to clients. | 4.A.4.b.6.h |
| Represent the interests of clients in legal proceedings. | 4.A.4.a.3.a |
| Administer oaths to court participants. | 4.A.4.c.1.b |
| Authorize payments to settle legal disputes. | 4.A.2.b.1.c |
| Make decisions in legal cases. | 4.A.2.b.1.e |
| Conduct hearings to investigate legal issues. | 4.A.1.a.1.c |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Negotiation | transferable_skill | 4.62 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 4.38 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 4.25 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 4.25 |
| Written Expression | ability | 4.25 |
| English Language | knowledge | 4.21 |
| Law and Government | knowledge | 4.21 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 4.12 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 4.12 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | knowledge | 4.05 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 4 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 4 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 4 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 4 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Persuasion | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3.75 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.75 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 3.62 |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.38 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3.25 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 3.12 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.12 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.05 |
| Service Orientation | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Originality | ability | 3 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 3 |
| Learning Strategies | essential_skill | 2.88 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 2.88 |
| Instructing | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 2.88 |
| Flexibility of Closure | ability | 2.88 |
| Far Vision | ability | 2.88 |
| Speed of Closure | ability | 2.75 |
| Education and Training | knowledge | 2.68 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft SharePoint | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Physics | Specialized Skill |
| Chemistry | Specialized Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Finger Dexterity | Common Skill |
| Depth Perception | Common Skill |
| Presentation Software | Specialized Skill |
| Installation | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Selection | Specialized Skill |
| Equipment Maintenance | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| Microsoft SharePoint | Document management software | yes | no |
| Oracle PeopleSoft | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | yes | no |
| Salesforce software | Customer relationship management CRM software | yes | no |
| SAP software | Enterprise resource planning ERP software | yes | no |
| Scheduling software | Calendar and scheduling software | no | no |
| Web browser software | Internet browser software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Spend Time Sitting | 4.75 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 4.75 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.65 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 4.65 |
| E-Mail | 4.55 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 4.3 |
| Conflict Situations | 3.85 |
| Time Pressure | 3.8 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 3.74 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 3.7 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 3.67 |
| Contact With Others | 3.65 |
| Telephone Conversations | 3.47 |
| Level of Competition | 3.25 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 3.05 |
| Physical Proximity | 3.05 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 2.8 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 2.6 |
| Consequence of Error | 2.4 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 2.26 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 2.25 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 2.2 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 2.15 |
| Degree of Automation | 2.1 |
| Public Speaking | 2.05 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 2.05 |
| Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People | 1.75 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 1.75 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 1.7 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 1.65 |
| Spend Time Standing | 1.6 |
| Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled | 1.58 |
| Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions | 1.35 |
| Exposed to Disease or Infections | 1.35 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 1.3 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 1.26 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 1.25 |
| Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions | 1.2 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | 1.2 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Equipment | 1.2 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 5
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
- **Experience:** Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
- **Svp Range:** (8.0 and above)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| First Professional Degree | 36.84 |
| Bachelor's Degree | 15.79 |
| Post-Baccalaureate Certificate | 10.53 |
| Master's Degree | 10.53 |
| Post-Master's Certificate | 10.53 |
| Less than a High School Diploma | 5.26 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 5.26 |
| Doctoral Degree | 5.26 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dependability | work_style | 10 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 9 |
| Integrity | work_style | 8 |
| Cautiousness | work_style | 7 |
| Cooperation | work_style | 6 |
| Law | specific_interest_area | 5.87 |
| Social Orientation | work_style | 5 |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 4.63 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 4.33 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 4.24 |
| Self-Control | work_style | 4 |
| Professional Advising | specific_interest_area | 3.62 |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 3.61 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 3.54 |
| Public Speaking | specific_interest_area | 3.49 |
| Human Resources | specific_interest_area | 3.46 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 23-1021.00 | role-23-1021-00 | Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers | Primary-Short |
| 23-1011.00 | role-23-1011-00 | Lawyers | Primary-Short |
| 13-1075.00 | role-13-1075-00 | Labor Relations Specialists | Primary-Short |
| 23-1012.00 | role-23-1012-00 | Judicial Law Clerks | Primary-Short |
| 23-1023.00 | role-23-1023-00 | Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates | Primary-Short |
| 13-1041.03 | role-13-1041-03 | Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers | Primary-Long |
| 13-1031.00 | role-13-1031-00 | Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators | Primary-Long |
| 21-1021.00 | role-21-1021-00 | Child, Family, and School Social Workers | Primary-Long |
| 13-2099.04 | role-13-2099-04 | Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts | Primary-Long |
| 13-2061.00 | role-13-2061-00 | Financial Examiners | Primary-Long |
| 23-2011.00 | role-23-2011-00 | Paralegals and Legal Assistants | Supplemental |
| 43-6012.00 | role-43-6012-00 | Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Public Service & Safety | public-service-safety |

## Education Level

- **Category:** Bachelor's degree

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Legal Professions and Studies | legal-professions-and-studies |
| Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies | multi-interdisciplinary-studies |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 67710
- **Mean Wage:** 91170
- **Pct10Wage:** 46200
- **Pct25Wage:** 60030
- **Pct75Wage:** 101010
- **Pct90Wage:** 133480
- **Employment:** 7860
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq | Median Wage |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 3260 | 5.94 |  |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector | 570 | 2.53 | 53810 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 490 | 0.42 | 53600 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 440 | 0.63 | 118350 |
| 624120 | 624120 | Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities | National industry | 200 | 1.63 | 50170 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 150 | 0.47 | 78110 |
| 813930 | 813930 | Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations | National industry | 140 | 25.92 | 101310 |
| 42 | 42 | Wholesale Trade | Sector | 110 | 0.36 | 50130 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 80 |  | 60760 |
| 524114 | 524114 | Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers | National industry | 50 |  | 67080 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 813930 | 813930 | Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations | National industry | 140 | 25.92 |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 3260 | 5.94 |
| 81 | 81 | Other Services (except Public Administration) | Sector | 570 | 2.53 |
| 624120 | 624120 | Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities | National industry | 200 | 1.63 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 440 | 0.63 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 150 | 0.47 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 490 | 0.42 |
| 42 | 42 | Wholesale Trade | Sector | 110 | 0.36 |
- **Count:** 10

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.06 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | 1.431593 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | 0.7957938 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | 1.647241 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 70
- **Percentile:** 70
- **Band:** High
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 97 | felten_aioe |
| 78 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 34 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | 1.431593 | 97 | High | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.9032258064516129 | 78 | High | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.11159263023295556 | 34 | Moderate | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.06
- **Percentile:** 24
- **Band:** Low
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** yes

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.0967741935483871
- **Beta:** 0.5
- **Gamma:** 0.9032258064516129

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Use mediation techniques to facilitate communication between disputants, to further parties' understanding of different perspectives, and to guide parties toward mutual agreement. | 0.031223167590352045 | 4.22 |
| Confer with disputants to clarify issues, identify underlying concerns, and develop an understanding of their respective needs and interests. | 0.024341745785899455 | 4.37 |
| Prepare written opinions or decisions regarding cases. | 0.02146592771836703 | 4.84 |
| Research laws, regulations, policies, or precedent decisions to prepare for hearings. | 0.013762843608905177 | 3.81 |
| Apply relevant laws, regulations, policies, or precedents to reach conclusions. | 0.009243700931354223 | 4.63 |
| Prepare settlement agreements for disputants to sign. | 0.005135389406307902 | 3.36 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** 4.3
- **Growth Percentile:** 67
- **Direction:** About average
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 0.3
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 4
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 9.1
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 9.5

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Ai Playbook

- **Trusted Task Count:** 5
- **Task Count:** 5
- **Total Sample:** 975
- **Autonomy Median:** 3
- **Dominant Collaboration:** task iteration
- **Automation Share:** 34.05
- **Augmentation Share:** 56.11
- **Work Use Percent:** 71.79

### Collaboration

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| task iteration | 45.13 |
| directive | 34.05 |
| learning | 6.36 |
| validation | 4.62 |

### Use Case

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| work | 71.79 |
| personal | 17.54 |
| coursework | 8.51 |

### Delegated Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Collaboration | Autonomy Median | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Prepare written opinions or decisions regarding cases. | 0.054206775846980866 | task iteration | 3 | 542 |
| Use mediation techniques to facilitate communication between disputants, to further parties' understanding of different perspectives, and to guide parties toward mutual agreement. | 0.02340292536567071 | task iteration | 4 | 234 |
| Research laws, regulations, policies, or precedent decisions to prepare for hearings. | 0.008101012626578323 | directive | 3 | 81 |
| Confer with disputants to clarify issues, identify underlying concerns, and develop an understanding of their respective needs and interests. | 0.005900737592199025 | task iteration | 4 | 59 |
| Apply relevant laws, regulations, policies, or precedents to reach conclusions. | 0.005900737592199025 | directive | 3 | 59 |

### Boundary Tasks

| Task | Human Needed Percent | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Use mediation techniques to facilitate communication between disputants, to further parties' understanding of different perspectives, and to guide parties toward mutual agreement. | 98.29059829059828 | 234 |
| Prepare written opinions or decisions regarding cases. | 98.1549815498155 | 542 |
| Confer with disputants to clarify issues, identify underlying concerns, and develop an understanding of their respective needs and interests. | 96.61016949152543 | 59 |
| Research laws, regulations, policies, or precedent decisions to prepare for hearings. | 93.82716049382715 | 81 |
| Apply relevant laws, regulations, policies, or precedents to reach conclusions. | 86.4406779661017 | 59 |

### Seed Prompts

| Prompt | Collaboration |
| --- | --- |
| Let's work through this together, step by step: prepare written opinions or decisions regarding cases. I'll give feedback as we go. | task iteration |
| Let's work through this together, step by step: use mediation techniques to facilitate communication between disputants, to further parties' understanding of different perspectives, and to guide parties toward mutual agreement. I'll give feedback as we go. | task iteration |
| Do this for me: research laws, regulations, policies, or precedent decisions to prepare for hearings. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
| Let's work through this together, step by step: confer with disputants to clarify issues, identify underlying concerns, and develop an understanding of their respective needs and interests. I'll give feedback as we go. | task iteration |
| Do this for me: apply relevant laws, regulations, policies, or precedents to reach conclusions. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
- **Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 20
- **Skills:** 38
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 12
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 5af9748842ec55cb