entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-19-4021-00"
socCode = "19-4021.00"
title = "Biological Technicians"
summary = "Assist biological and medical scientists. Set up, operate, and maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, monitor experiments, collect data and samples, make observations, and calculate and record results. May analyze organic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs."
aliases = ["Biological Technician", "Laboratory Technician", "Research Associate", "Research Technician", "Biological Science Laboratory Technician (Biological Science Lab Tech)", "Biological Science Technician", "Marine Fisheries Technician", "Research Assistant", "Research Specialist", "Wildlife Biology Technician", "Aquatic Technician (Aquatic Tech)", "Aquatics Technician"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "4"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not."
experience = "A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified."
svpRange = "(7.0 to < 8.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Bachelor's Degree"
percentage = 48.84

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Master's Degree"
percentage = 29.36

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Baccalaureate Certificate"
percentage = 14.28

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Doctoral Degree"
percentage = 2.75

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "High School Diploma"
percentage = 1.43

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 1.43

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Doctoral Training"
percentage = 0.98

[educationLevel]
category = "Bachelor's degree"
slug = "bachelor-s-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 52000
meanWage = 58020
pct10Wage = 38060
pct25Wage = 45380
pct75Wage = 66410
pct90Wage = 81990
employment = 76190
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 15

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 31340
medianWage = 59520
lq = 5.89

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 14790
medianWage = 49950
lq = 2.19

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 8990
medianWage = 48490
lq = 0.79

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6820
medianWage = 59660
lq = 1.08

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 2580
medianWage = 45210
lq = 30.64

[[industries.top]]
naics = "44-45"
slug = "44-45"
title = "Retail Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 600
medianWage = 38860
lq = 0.08

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 460
medianWage = 59760
lq = 0.35

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 440
medianWage = 61830
lq = 0.32

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541940"
slug = "541940"
title = "Veterinary Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 220
medianWage = 43360
lq = 0.96

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 200
medianWage = 48640
lq = 0.09

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 190
medianWage = 42430
lq = 6.33

[[industries.top]]
naics = "71"
slug = "71"
title = "Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation"
level = "Sector"
employment = 160
medianWage = 48980
lq = 0.12

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 2580
lq = 30.64

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 190
lq = 6.33

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 31340
lq = 5.89

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 14790
lq = 2.19

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6820
lq = 1.08

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541940"
slug = "541940"
title = "Veterinary Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 220
lq = 0.96

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 8990
lq = 0.79

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 460
lq = 0.35

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 45
percentile = 44
band = "Moderate"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 56
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 52
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 27
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.3
percentile = 39
band = "Moderate"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.2
beta = 0.41666666666666663
gamma = 0.6333333333333333

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 3.5
growthPercentile = 58
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 9.1
annualOpeningsPercentile = 61
employment2024Thousands = 82.7
employment2034Thousands = 85.6

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = 0.3012355
percentile = 56
band = "Moderate"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.6333333333333333
percentile = 52
band = "Moderate"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.09129871610783104
percentile = 27
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Analyze experimental data and interpret results to write reports and summaries of findings."
usagePercent = 0.13629323484341171
importance = 4.21

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Participate in the research, development, or manufacturing of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations."
usagePercent = 0.009346408719480382
importance = 4.28

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Monitor and observe experiments, recording production and test data for evaluation by research personnel."
usagePercent = 0.002567694703153951
importance = 4.26

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Provide technical support and services for scientists and engineers working in fields such as agriculture, environmental science, resource management, biology, and health sciences."
usagePercent = 0.002567694703153951
importance = 4.18

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Set up, adjust, calibrate, clean, maintain, and troubleshoot laboratory and field equipment."
usagePercent = 0.002156863550649319
importance = 3.86

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Examine animals and specimens to detect the presence of disease or other problems."
usagePercent = 0.0019514479743970028
importance = 3.67

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 3
taskCount = 5
totalSample = 1309
autonomyMedian = 4
dominantCollaboration = "directive"
automationShare = 41.31
augmentationShare = 55.47
workUsePercent = 36.23
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "directive"
percent = 29.73

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "learning"
percent = 24.96

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "task iteration"
percent = 17.21

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "validation"
percent = 13.3

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "feedback loop"
percent = 11.58

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "none"
percent = 1.25

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "coursework"
percent = 49.14

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "work"
percent = 36.23

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 12.83

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Analyze experimental data and interpret results to write reports and summaries of findings."
usagePercent = 0.11651456432054007
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 1165

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Conduct research or assist in the conduct of research, including the collection of information and samples, such as blood, water, soil, plants and animals."
usagePercent = 0.006400800100012502
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 64

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Participate in the research, development, or manufacturing of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations."
usagePercent = 0.004900612576572072
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 49

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Conduct research or assist in the conduct of research, including the collection of information and samples, such as blood, water, soil, plants and animals."
humanNeededPercent = 96.875
sampleCount = 64

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Participate in the research, development, or manufacturing of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations."
humanNeededPercent = 91.83673469387756
sampleCount = 49

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Analyze experimental data and interpret results to write reports and summaries of findings."
humanNeededPercent = 77.16738197424893
sampleCount = 1165

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: analyze experimental data and interpret results to write reports and summaries of findings. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: conduct research or assist in the conduct of research, including the collection of information and samples, such as blood, water, soil, plants and animals. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to participate in the research, development, or manufacturing of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[counts]
tasks = 17
skills = 46
capabilities = 120
tools = 33
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "551a1e1613914e53"

[[tasks]]
text = "Use computers, computer-interfaced equipment, robotics or high-technology industrial applications to perform work duties."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.e"

[[tasks]]
text = "Conduct research, or assist in the conduct of research, including the collection of information and samples, such as blood, water, soil, plants and animals."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.al"

[[tasks]]
text = "Participate in the research, development, or manufacturing of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Monitor and observe experiments, recording production and test data for evaluation by research personnel."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Analyze experimental data and interpret results to write reports and summaries of findings."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide technical support and services for scientists and engineers working in fields such as agriculture, environmental science, resource management, biology, and health sciences."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Keep detailed logs of all work-related activities."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[tasks]]
text = "Input data into databases."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[tasks]]
text = "Isolate, identify and prepare specimens for examination."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.au"

[[tasks]]
text = "Set up, adjust, calibrate, clean, maintain, and troubleshoot laboratory and field equipment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.at"

[[tasks]]
text = "Clean, maintain and prepare supplies and work areas."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.h"

[[tasks]]
text = "Feed livestock or laboratory animals."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Record research or operational data."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Order materials, supplies, or equipment."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor operational procedures in technical environments to ensure conformance to standards."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare biological samples for testing or analysis."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.au"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate computers or computerized equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Collect biological specimens."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.al"

[[activities]]
name = "Set up laboratory or field equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.at"

[[activities]]
name = "Collaborate on research activities with scientists or technical specialists."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Assist engineers or scientists with research."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Clean objects."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.1.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Research microbiological or chemical processes or structures."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Conduct research to gain information about products or processes."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.t"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze chemical compounds or substances."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Interpret research or operational data."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Calculate weights, volumes or other characteristics of materials."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure ingredients or substances to be used in production processes."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Examine characteristics or behavior of living organisms."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Care for plants or animals."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.5.d"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Biology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.43

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.78

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Science"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.29

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Computers and Electronics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.24

[[capabilities]]
name = "Chemistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.21

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Operations Monitoring"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematical Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Number Facility"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Perceptual Speed"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Arm-Hand Steadiness"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visual Color Discrimination"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Project"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Photoshop"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Acrobat"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Statistical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Phrap"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Harvard Graphics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Graphics Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Database Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft .NET Framework"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Acrobat"
category = "Document management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Photoshop"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ESRI ArcGIS software"
category = "Geographic information system"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Project"
category = "Project management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SAS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "BD Biosciences CellQuest"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "BoxShade"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ClustalW"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Corel WordPerfect Office Suite"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Database software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Gene Codes Sequencher"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Gene Runner"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Geographic information system GIS software"
category = "Geographic information system"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Graphics software"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Harvard Graphics"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IBM Lotus 1-2-3"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Laboratory information management system LIMS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "MapInfo MapMarker"
category = "Map creation software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Phrap"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Phred"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PolyBayes"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Primer3"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Statistical software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Systat Software SigmaPlot"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Systat Software TableCurve"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Thomson EndNote"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 4.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.35

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 3.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.74

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.37

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.33

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.06

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.03

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.02

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 3

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 2.88

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 2.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 2.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 2.63

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 2.58

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 2.56

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 2.56

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.4

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 2.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 2.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 2.25

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 1.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 1.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 1.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 1.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 1.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 1.58

[[personFit]]
name = "Life Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.62

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.6

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.36

[[personFit]]
name = "Medical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.27

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.04

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.02

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.74

[[personFit]]
name = "Information Technology"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.53

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.51

[[personFit]]
name = "Agriculture"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.4

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.28

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.24

[[personFit]]
name = "Nature/Outdoors"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.22

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.19

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2012.00"
slug = "role-29-2012-00"
title = "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.00"
slug = "role-29-2011-00"
title = "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-4031.00"
slug = "role-19-4031-00"
title = "Chemical Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.01"
slug = "role-29-2011-01"
title = "Cytogenetic Technologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.04"
slug = "role-29-2011-04"
title = "Histotechnologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-4012.00"
slug = "role-19-4012-00"
title = "Agricultural Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2012.01"
slug = "role-29-2012-01"
title = "Histology Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2099.01"
slug = "role-15-2099-01"
title = "Bioinformatics Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "17-3026.01"
slug = "role-17-3026-01"
title = "Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "17-3028.00"
slug = "role-17-3028-00"
title = "Calibration Technologists and Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.02"
slug = "role-19-1029-02"
title = "Molecular and Cellular Biologists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1022.00"
slug = "role-19-1022-00"
title = "Microbiologists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Healthcare & Human Services"
slug = "healthcare-human-services"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Biological and Biomedical Sciences"
slug = "biological-and-biomedical-sciences"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Science Technologies/Technicians"
slug = "science-technologies-technicians"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.3
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = 0.3012355
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 0.6145548
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = 0.1328288
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
