entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-19-3094-00"
socCode = "19-3094.00"
title = "Political Scientists"
summary = "Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. May study topics, such as public opinion, political decisionmaking, and ideology. May analyze the structure and operation of governments, as well as various political entities. May conduct public opinion surveys, analyze election results, or analyze public documents."
aliases = ["Citizen Participation Specialist", "Government Affairs Researcher", "Government Affairs Specialist", "Health Policy Analyst", "Legislative Affairs Specialist", "Legislative Analyst", "Legislative Liaison", "Legislative Policy Analyst", "Local Governance Specialist", "Medical Policy Analyst", "Policy Advisor", "Policy Analyst"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "5"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree)."
experience = "Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job."
svpRange = "(8.0 and above)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Doctoral Degree"
percentage = 88.46

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Master's Degree"
percentage = 7.69

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Doctoral Training"
percentage = 3.85

[educationLevel]
category = "Master's degree"
slug = "master-s-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 139380
meanWage = 137600
pct10Wage = 74750
pct25Wage = 103030
pct75Wage = 172050
pct90Wage = 191880
employment = 5950
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 4

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 940
medianWage = 130580
lq = 2.26

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 610
medianWage = 130840
lq = 260.03

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 330
medianWage = 81620
lq = 0.63

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 150
medianWage = 91150
lq = 0.88

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 610
lq = 260.03

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 940
lq = 2.26

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 150
lq = 0.88

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 330
lq = 0.63

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = true
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 92
percentile = 97
band = "High"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 97
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 81
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 99
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.039
percentile = 21
band = "Low"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.041666666666666664
beta = 0.47916666666666663
gamma = 0.9166666666666666

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = -3.1
growthPercentile = 16
direction = "Declining"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.5
annualOpeningsPercentile = 7
employment2024Thousands = 6.5
employment2034Thousands = 6.3

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = 1.418863
percentile = 97
band = "High"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.9166666666666666
percentile = 81
band = "High"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.3910323240387942
percentile = 99
band = "High"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Interpret and analyze policies, public issues, legislation, or the operations of governments, businesses, and organizations."
usagePercent = 0.23910373075769592
importance = 3.96

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Write drafts of legislative proposals, and prepare speeches, correspondence, and policy papers for governmental use."
usagePercent = 0.027320271641558036
importance = 2.19

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Teach political science."
usagePercent = 0.0230065445402594
importance = 4.58

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Identify issues for research and analysis."
usagePercent = 0.02074697320148392
importance = 3.92

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Develop and test theories, using information from interviews, newspapers, periodicals, case law, historical papers, polls, or statistical sources."
usagePercent = 0.010887025541372752
importance = 4.46

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Disseminate research results through academic publications, written reports, or public presentations."
usagePercent = 0.00575163613506485
importance = 4.35

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 7
taskCount = 8
totalSample = 2149
autonomyMedian = 4
dominantCollaboration = "learning"
automationShare = 21.99
augmentationShare = 72.89
workUsePercent = 16.92
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "learning"
percent = 49.25

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "directive"
percent = 21.99

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "task iteration"
percent = 20.21

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "validation"
percent = 3.43

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "none"
percent = 0.7

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 42.25

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "coursework"
percent = 37.88

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "work"
percent = 16.92

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Teach political science."
usagePercent = 0.09571196399549943
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 957

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Interpret and analyze policies, public issues, legislation, or the operations of governments, businesses, and organizations."
usagePercent = 0.05060632579072384
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 506

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Write drafts of legislative proposals, and prepare speeches, correspondence, and policy papers for governmental use."
usagePercent = 0.02680335041880235
collaboration = "task iteration"
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 268

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Develop and test theories, using information from interviews, newspapers, periodicals, case law, historical papers, polls, or statistical sources."
usagePercent = 0.018402300287535943
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 184

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Collect, analyze, and interpret data such as election results and public opinion surveys, reporting on findings, recommendations, and conclusions."
usagePercent = 0.0074009251156394555
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 74

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Identify issues for research and analysis."
usagePercent = 0.00730091261407676
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 73

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Disseminate research results through academic publications, written reports, or public presentations."
usagePercent = 0.006600825103137892
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 66

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Identify issues for research and analysis."
humanNeededPercent = 100
sampleCount = 73

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Collect, analyze, and interpret data such as election results and public opinion surveys, reporting on findings, recommendations, and conclusions."
humanNeededPercent = 98.64864864864865
sampleCount = 74

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Teach political science."
humanNeededPercent = 98.22361546499478
sampleCount = 957

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Interpret and analyze policies, public issues, legislation, or the operations of governments, businesses, and organizations."
humanNeededPercent = 97.62845849802372
sampleCount = 506

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Write drafts of legislative proposals, and prepare speeches, correspondence, and policy papers for governmental use."
humanNeededPercent = 96.26865671641791
sampleCount = 268

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Develop and test theories, using information from interviews, newspapers, periodicals, case law, historical papers, polls, or statistical sources."
humanNeededPercent = 94.02173913043478
sampleCount = 184

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to teach political science, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to interpret and analyze policies, public issues, legislation, or the operations of governments, businesses, and organizations, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Let's work through this together, step by step: write drafts of legislative proposals, and prepare speeches, correspondence, and policy papers for governmental use. I'll give feedback as we go."
collaboration = "task iteration"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to develop and test theories, using information from interviews, newspapers, periodicals, case law, historical papers, polls, or statistical sources, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to collect, analyze, and interpret data such as election results and public opinion surveys, reporting on findings, recommendations, and conclusions, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[counts]
tasks = 14
skills = 43
capabilities = 120
tools = 39
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "ef4da30fb621e639"

[[tasks]]
text = "Teach political science."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Develop and test theories, using information from interviews, newspapers, periodicals, case law, historical papers, polls, or statistical sources."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.u"

[[tasks]]
text = "Maintain current knowledge of government policy decisions."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Disseminate research results through academic publications, written reports, or public presentations."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Advise political science students."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Collect, analyze, and interpret data, such as election results and public opinion surveys, reporting on findings, recommendations, and conclusions."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Interpret and analyze policies, public issues, legislation, or the operations of governments, businesses, and organizations."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.r"

[[tasks]]
text = "Identify issues for research and analysis."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.s"

[[tasks]]
text = "Serve on committees."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Forecast political, economic, and social trends."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Consult with and advise government officials, civic bodies, research agencies, the media, political parties, and others concerned with political issues."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.h"

[[tasks]]
text = "Evaluate programs and policies, and make related recommendations to institutions and organizations."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Advise students on academic or career matters."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Advise others on educational matters."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Serve on institutional or departmental committees."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Instruct college students in social sciences or humanities disciplines."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Plan social sciences research."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.s"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop theories or models of physical phenomena."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.u"

[[activities]]
name = "Review professional literature to maintain professional knowledge."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Interpret research or operational data."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Conduct research on social issues."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.r"

[[activities]]
name = "Evaluate civic projects or public policies."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.1.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Advise others on matters of public policy."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.h"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare information or documentation related to legal or regulatory matters."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.n"

[[activities]]
name = "Forecast economic, political, or social trends."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Present information to the public."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.3.b"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Law and Government"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.65

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.42

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.27

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Instructing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "History and Archeology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.42

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Communications and Media"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.28

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Sociology and Anthropology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.19

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Evaluation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Geography"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Originality"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Philosophy and Theology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.08

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Computers and Electronics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Visio"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft SharePoint"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Acrobat"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "WinBUGS"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Publisher"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Email Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Acrobat"
category = "Document management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IBM SPSS Statistics"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft SharePoint"
category = "Document management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Visio"
category = "Process mapping and design software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Python"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "R"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SAP software"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SAS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Tableau"
category = "Business intelligence and data analysis software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Bare Bones Software BBEdit"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "CQ Press Political Reference Suite"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Data visualization software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "DataMystic TextPipe Pro"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "EBSCO Publishing Academic Search Premier"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "EBSCO Publishing Political Science Complete"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Email software"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Europa World Plus"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "FedStats"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Gale Expanded Academic ASAP PLUS"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IDM Computer Solutions UltraEdit"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) database"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "JSTOR database"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "JudgeIt II"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Library of Congress E-resources Online Catalog"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Publisher"
category = "Desktop publishing software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Oxford Reference Online"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ProQuest Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS) database"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ProQuest Worldwide Political Science Abstracts"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Sage Reference Online"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "StataCorp Stata"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Structure query language SQL"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "WinBUGS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 4.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 4.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 4.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 3.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 2.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 2.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.72

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 2.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.4

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 2.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 2.24

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 2.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 2.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 1.85

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 1.65

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 1.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 1.4

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 1.38

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 1.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 1.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People"
value = 1.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 1.19

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 1.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 1.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 1.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles"
value = 1.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 1.08

[[personFit]]
name = "Social Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.81

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.71

[[personFit]]
name = "Politics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.76

[[personFit]]
name = "Humanities"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.34

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.87

[[personFit]]
name = "Teaching/Education"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.79

[[personFit]]
name = "Public Speaking"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.68

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.52

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.52

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.42

[[personFit]]
name = "Law"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.05

[[personFit]]
name = "Intellectual Curiosity"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Media"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.6

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "25-1065.00"
slug = "role-25-1065-00"
title = "Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-3041.00"
slug = "role-19-3041-00"
title = "Sociologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-3011.00"
slug = "role-19-3011-00"
title = "Economists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "25-1112.00"
slug = "role-25-1112-00"
title = "Law Teachers, Postsecondary"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-1031.00"
slug = "role-11-1031-00"
title = "Legislators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "25-1067.00"
slug = "role-25-1067-00"
title = "Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-2041.01"
slug = "role-19-2041-01"
title = "Climate Change Policy Analysts"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "25-1063.00"
slug = "role-25-1063-00"
title = "Economics Teachers, Postsecondary"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-3011.01"
slug = "role-19-3011-01"
title = "Environmental Economists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-3022.00"
slug = "role-19-3022-00"
title = "Survey Researchers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-2032.00"
slug = "role-11-2032-00"
title = "Public Relations Managers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "25-1011.00"
slug = "role-25-1011-00"
title = "Business Teachers, Postsecondary"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Management & Entrepreneurship"
slug = "management-entrepreneurship"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Public Service & Safety"
slug = "public-service-safety"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies"
slug = "multi-interdisciplinary-studies"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Public Administration and Social Service Professions"
slug = "public-administration-and-social-service-professions"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Social Sciences"
slug = "social-sciences"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.039
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = 1.418863
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 0.6362306
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = 1.686549
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
