# Anthropologists and Archeologists

> Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 19-3091.00
- **Summary:** Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations.

## Aliases

- Archaeologist
- Communication and Folklore Specialist
- Forensic Anthropologist
- Researcher
- American Indian Policy Specialist
- Applied Anthropologist
- Applied Cultural Anthropologist
- Historical Archaeologist
- Research Archaeologist
- Anthropologist
- Archaeological Field Technician
- Archaeological Technician (Archeological Tech)

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Collect information and make judgments through observation, interviews, and review of documents. | Core | 4.A.1.a.1.l |
| Teach or mentor undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology or archeology. | Core | 4.A.4.b.3.b |
| Write about and present research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.c |
| Plan and direct research to characterize and compare the economic, demographic, health care, social, political, linguistic, and religious institutions of distinct cultural groups, communities, and organizations. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.s |
| Record the exact locations and conditions of artifacts uncovered in diggings or surveys, using drawings and photographs as necessary. | Supplemental | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Assess archeological sites for resource management, development, or conservation purposes and recommend methods for site protection. | Supplemental | 4.A.1.a.2.i |
| Create data records for use in describing and analyzing social patterns and processes, using photography, videography, and audio recordings. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.e |
| Train others in the application of ethnographic research methods to solve problems in organizational effectiveness, communications, technology development, policy making, and program planning. | Core | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Gather and analyze artifacts and skeletal remains to increase knowledge of ancient cultures. | Supplemental | 4.A.1.a.1.r |
| Identify culturally specific beliefs and practices affecting health status and access to services for distinct populations and communities, in collaboration with medical and public health officials. | Core | 4.A.1.a.1.r |
| Apply traditional ecological knowledge and assessments of culturally distinctive land and resource management institutions to assist in the resolution of conflicts over habitat protection and resource enhancement. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.m |
| Compare findings from one site with archeological data from other sites to find similarities or differences. | Supplemental | 4.A.1.a.1.r |

## Emerging Tasks

| Text |
| --- |
| Write, present, and publish research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences. |

## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Conduct anthropological or archaeological research. | 4.A.1.a.1.r |
| Collect information from people through observation, interviews, or surveys. | 4.A.1.a.1.l |
| Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations. | 4.A.3.b.6.c |
| Evaluate characteristics of archival or historical objects. | 4.A.1.b.2.j |
| Plan social sciences research. | 4.A.2.b.2.s |
| Direct scientific activities. | 4.A.4.b.4.e |
| Record research or operational data. | 4.A.3.b.6.h |
| Inspect condition of natural environments. | 4.A.1.a.2.i |
| Advise others about environmental management or conservation. | 4.A.4.b.6.c |
| Collect biological specimens. | 4.A.3.a.2.al |
| Mark materials or objects for identification. | 4.A.1.b.1.a |
| Package materials or products. | 4.A.3.a.2.ap |
| Conduct research on social issues. | 4.A.1.a.1.r |
| Collect archival data. | 4.A.1.a.1.d |
| Train personnel in technical or scientific procedures. | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Advise others on matters of public policy. | 4.A.4.b.6.h |
| Document events or evidence, using photographic or audiovisual equipment. | 4.A.3.b.6.e |
| Design psychological or educational treatment procedures or programs. | 4.A.2.b.2.l |
| Collaborate with technical specialists to resolve design or development problems. | 4.A.4.b.1.a |
| Communicate with government agencies. | 4.A.4.b.1.c |
| Clean objects. | 4.A.3.a.1.h |
| Conduct scientific research of organizational behavior or processes. | 4.A.1.a.1.i |
| Plan community programs or activities for the general public. | 4.A.2.b.6.a |
| Develop theories or models of social phenomena. | 4.A.2.b.2.u |
| Conduct historical research. | 4.A.1.a.1.r |
| Apply knowledge or research findings to address environmental problems. | 4.A.2.b.2.m |
| Advise others on educational matters. | 4.A.4.b.6.g |
| Analyze forensic evidence to solve crimes. | 4.A.2.a.4.j |
| Instruct college students in social sciences or humanities disciplines. | 4.A.4.b.3.b |
| Write grant proposals. | 4.A.3.b.6.g |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sociology and Anthropology | knowledge | 4.89 |
| English Language | knowledge | 4.4 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 4.38 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 4.38 |
| Written Expression | ability | 4.38 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 4.25 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 4.25 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 4.25 |
| History and Archeology | knowledge | 4.2 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 4.12 |
| Foreign Language | knowledge | 4 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 4 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 4 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.88 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 3.88 |
| Education and Training | knowledge | 3.85 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 3.75 |
| Flexibility of Closure | ability | 3.75 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.75 |
| Geography | knowledge | 3.65 |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.62 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3.5 |
| Learning Strategies | essential_skill | 3.38 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3.38 |
| Communications and Media | knowledge | 3.35 |
| Instructing | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Philosophy and Theology | knowledge | 3.15 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Originality | ability | 3.12 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3.12 |
| Far Vision | ability | 3.12 |
| Computers and Electronics | knowledge | 3.05 |
| Science | essential_skill | 3 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Foreign Language | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Geography | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Windows | Common Skill |
| Microsoft SharePoint | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Facebook | Specialized Skill |
| Adobe Photoshop | Specialized Skill |
| Adobe InDesign | Specialized Skill |
| Adobe Illustrator | Specialized Skill |
| Adobe Acrobat | Specialized Skill |
| Psychology | Specialized Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Biology | Specialized Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| Telecommunications | Specialized Skill |
| STATISTICA | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Internet Explorer | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Frontpage | Specialized Skill |
| Graphics Software | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ESRI ArcGIS software | Geographic information system | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | yes |
| Adobe Acrobat | Document management software | yes | no |
| Adobe Illustrator | Graphics or photo imaging software | yes | no |
| Adobe InDesign | Desktop publishing software | yes | no |
| Adobe Photoshop | Graphics or photo imaging software | yes | no |
| Autodesk AutoCAD | Computer aided design CAD software | yes | no |
| C++ | Object or component oriented development software | yes | no |
| Facebook | Web page creation and editing software | yes | no |
| IBM SPSS Statistics | Analytical or scientific software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| Microsoft SharePoint | Document management software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Windows | Operating system software | yes | no |
| SAS | Analytical or scientific software | yes | no |
| Structured query language SQL | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| The MathWorks MATLAB | Analytical or scientific software | yes | no |
| ESRI ArcGIS Survey 123 | Analytical or scientific software | no | yes |
| Geographic information system GIS systems | Geographic information system | no | yes |
| Adobe Dreamweaver | Web page creation and editing software | no | no |
| Adobe PageMaker | Desktop publishing software | no | no |
| Age progression software | Analytical or scientific software | no | no |
| Apple Final Cut Express | Video creation and editing software | no | no |
| Apple iMovie | Video creation and editing software | no | no |
| Applied Biosystems GeneMapper | Analytical or scientific software | no | no |
| Archeological Sites Management Information System ASMIS | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Automated National Catalog System ANCS | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Data visualization software | Analytical or scientific software | no | no |
| ESRI ArcInfo | Geographic information system | no | no |
| ESRI ArcView | Geographic information system | no | no |
| GE Healthcare ImageQuant TL | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |
| Gene Codes Sequencher | Analytical or scientific software | no | no |
| Genealogy software | Data base user interface and query software | no | no |
| Geographic information system GIS software | Geographic information system | no | no |
| Global positioning system GPS software | Mobile location based services software | no | no |
| Golden Software Surfer | Map creation software | no | no |
| Graphics software | Graphics or photo imaging software | no | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| E-Mail | 4.7 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 4.5 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 4.45 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 4.29 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.05 |
| Contact With Others | 4 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 3.8 |
| Level of Competition | 3.79 |
| Telephone Conversations | 3.76 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 3.74 |
| Time Pressure | 3.7 |
| Public Speaking | 3.5 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 3.44 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 3.35 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 3.15 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 3.05 |
| Physical Proximity | 3.05 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 3 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 2.74 |
| Spend Time Standing | 2.58 |
| Conflict Situations | 2.55 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 2.53 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 2.53 |
| Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled | 2.5 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 2.47 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 2.45 |
| Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions | 2.42 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 2.4 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 2.26 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 2.2 |
| Consequence of Error | 2.17 |
| Outdoors, Under Cover | 2.15 |
| Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures | 2.11 |
| In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment | 2.1 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 2.1 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 2.05 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 1.84 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 1.79 |
| Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling | 1.75 |
| Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings | 1.74 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 5
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
- **Experience:** Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
- **Svp Range:** (8.0 and above)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| Doctoral Degree | 40 |
| Master's Degree | 30 |
| Bachelor's Degree | 20 |
| Some College Courses | 5 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 5 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 6.84 |
| Humanities | specific_interest_area | 6.66 |
| Social Science | specific_interest_area | 6.53 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 5 |
| Artistic | career_interest_type | 4.21 |
| Intellectual Curiosity | work_style | 4 |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 3.99 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 3.67 |
| Public Speaking | specific_interest_area | 3.35 |
| Teaching/Education | specific_interest_area | 3.34 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 3.19 |
| Achievement Orientation | work_style | 3 |
| Nature/Outdoors | specific_interest_area | 2.84 |
| Creative Writing | specific_interest_area | 2.55 |
| Mathematics/Statistics | specific_interest_area | 2.54 |
| Media | specific_interest_area | 2.54 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19-3093.00 | role-19-3093-00 | Historians | Primary-Short |
| 19-3041.00 | role-19-3041-00 | Sociologists | Primary-Short |
| 25-1061.00 | role-25-1061-00 | Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary | Primary-Short |
| 19-3092.00 | role-19-3092-00 | Geographers | Primary-Short |
| 25-1062.00 | role-25-1062-00 | Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary | Primary-Short |
| 25-1125.00 | role-25-1125-00 | History Teachers, Postsecondary | Primary-Long |
| 25-4012.00 | role-25-4012-00 | Curators | Primary-Long |
| 25-4011.00 | role-25-4011-00 | Archivists | Primary-Long |
| 19-2042.00 | role-19-2042-00 | Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | Primary-Long |
| 19-4061.00 | role-19-4061-00 | Social Science Research Assistants | Primary-Long |
| 25-1067.00 | role-25-1067-00 | Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary | Supplemental |
| 25-1064.00 | role-25-1064-00 | Geography Teachers, Postsecondary | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Education | education |
| Healthcare & Human Services | healthcare-human-services |
| Public Service & Safety | public-service-safety |

## Education Level

- **Category:** Master's degree

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Health Professions and Related Programs | health-professions-and-related-programs |
| Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies | multi-interdisciplinary-studies |
| Social Sciences | social-sciences |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 64910
- **Mean Wage:** 71070
- **Pct10Wage:** 44510
- **Pct25Wage:** 51240
- **Pct75Wage:** 83080
- **Pct90Wage:** 104510
- **Employment:** 8070
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 5160 | 60630 | 9.15 |
| 541720 | 541720 | Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities | National industry | 1810 | 60940 | 568.88 |
| 541330 | 541330 | Engineering Services | National industry | 520 | 63410 | 8.59 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 320 | 58500 | 0.45 |
| 71 | 71 | Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation | Sector | 200 | 48370 | 1.45 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 541720 | 541720 | Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities | National industry | 1810 | 568.88 |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 5160 | 9.15 |
| 541330 | 541330 | Engineering Services | National industry | 520 | 8.59 |
| 71 | 71 | Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation | Sector | 200 | 1.45 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 320 | 0.45 |
- **Count:** 5

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.0077 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | 0.6965665 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | 0.8613545 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | 0.7388214 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 66
- **Percentile:** 66
- **Band:** Moderate
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 64 | felten_aioe |
| 68 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 66 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | 0.6965665 | 64 | Moderate | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.8275862068965517 | 68 | High | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.19817212013959096 | 66 | Moderate | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.0077
- **Percentile:** 5
- **Band:** Low
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** yes

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.05172413793103448
- **Beta:** 0.4396551724137931
- **Gamma:** 0.8275862068965517

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Formulate general rules that describe and predict the development and behavior of cultures and social institutions. | 0.04426705668237411 | 3.11 |
| Write about and present research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences. | 0.04293185543673406 | 4.37 |
| Record the exact locations and conditions of artifacts uncovered in diggings or surveys, using drawings and photographs as necessary. | 0.03471523238664141 | 4.08 |
| Create data records for use in describing and analyzing social patterns and processes, using photography, videography, and audio recordings. | 0.03389357008163215 | 4 |
| Organize public exhibits and displays to promote public awareness of diverse and distinctive cultural traditions. | 0.02916901182782888 | 3.44 |
| Study archival collections of primary historical sources to help explain the origins and development of cultural patterns. | 0.02547153145528719 | 3.24 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** 3.7
- **Growth Percentile:** 61
- **Direction:** About average
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 0.8
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 12
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 8.8
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 9.2

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 30
- **Skills:** 50
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 58
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 74e79c42d755034b