entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-19-2012-00"
socCode = "19-2012.00"
title = "Physicists"
summary = "Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories."
aliases = ["Health Physicist", "Physicist", "Research Scientist", "Scientist", "Biophysics Scientist", "Medical Physicist", "Research Consultant", "Research Physicist", "Aerodynamicist", "Aerophysicist", "Astrophysicist", "Atmospheric Physicist"]

[preparation]
jobZone = "5"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree)."
experience = "Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job."
svpRange = "(8.0 and above)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Doctoral Degree"
percentage = 49.04

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Doctoral Training"
percentage = 39.06

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Master's Certificate"
percentage = 8.14

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Bachelor's Degree"
percentage = 3.77

[educationLevel]
category = "Doctoral or professional degree"
slug = "doctoral-or-professional-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 166290
meanWage = 166000
pct10Wage = 80020
pct25Wage = 117450
pct75Wage = 210260
employment = 21340
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 12

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 11260
medianWage = 166290
lq = 7.55

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2820
medianWage = 109250
lq = 1.49

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2750
medianWage = 225930
lq = 0.86

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 710
medianWage = 163680
lq = 0.4

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 620
medianWage = 158490
lq = 3.87

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 160
medianWage = 131500
lq = 6.78

[[industries.top]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 110
medianWage = 104200
lq = 1.37

[[industries.top]]
naics = "221113"
slug = "221113"
title = "Nuclear Electric Power Generation"
level = "National industry"
employment = 100
medianWage = 104200
lq = 19.45

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 40
medianWage = 191350

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 30
medianWage = 170480

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 206320

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
medianWage = 155980

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "221113"
slug = "221113"
title = "Nuclear Electric Power Generation"
level = "National industry"
employment = 100
lq = 19.45

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 11260
lq = 7.55

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 160
lq = 6.78

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 620
lq = 3.87

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2820
lq = 1.49

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "22"
slug = "22"
title = "Utilities"
level = "Sector"
employment = 110
lq = 1.37

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2750
lq = 0.86

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 710
lq = 0.4

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = true
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 85
percentile = 91
band = "High"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 91
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 87
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 76
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.1
percentile = 29
band = "Low"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.5454545454545454
beta = 0.75
gamma = 0.9545454545454546

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 4
growthPercentile = 64
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 1.7
annualOpeningsPercentile = 25
employment2024Thousands = 24.6
employment2034Thousands = 25.6

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = 1.345736
percentile = 91
band = "High"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.9545454545454546
percentile = 87
band = "High"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.2345505725076676
percentile = 76
band = "High"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood."
usagePercent = 0.03625584920853378
importance = 4

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers."
usagePercent = 0.02146592771836703
importance = 4.32

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures."
usagePercent = 0.019617187532096184
importance = 3.55

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 2
taskCount = 3
totalSample = 315
autonomyMedian = 3
dominantCollaboration = "directive"
automationShare = 57.19
augmentationShare = 30.48
workUsePercent = 24.32
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "directive"
percent = 48.29

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "task iteration"
percent = 15.75

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "learning"
percent = 14.73

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "feedback loop"
percent = 8.9

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "coursework"
percent = 35.62

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 32.19

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "work"
percent = 24.32

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood."
usagePercent = 0.014801850231278911
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 148

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers."
usagePercent = 0.014401800225028127
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 2
sampleCount = 144

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers."
humanNeededPercent = 97.22222222222221
sampleCount = 144

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood."
humanNeededPercent = 70.27027027027027
sampleCount = 148

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[counts]
tasks = 10
skills = 50
capabilities = 120
tools = 74
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "45afc493dbcb2ee3"

[[tasks]]
text = "Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.u"

[[tasks]]
text = "Write research proposals to receive funding."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Teach physics to students."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.i"

[[tasks]]
text = "Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.u"

[[tasks]]
text = "Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.b"

[[emergingTasks]]
text = "Perform peer reviews of scientific papers."

[[activities]]
name = "Apply mathematical principles or statistical approaches to solve problems in scientific or applied fields."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze geological or geographical data."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop theories or models of physical phenomena."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.u"

[[activities]]
name = "Collaborate on research activities with scientists or technical specialists."
iwa = "4.A.4.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate laboratory or field equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Instruct college students in physical or life sciences."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare proposals or grant applications to obtain project funding."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.g"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Physics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.92

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.82

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematical Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Science"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Engineering and Technology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.54

[[capabilities]]
name = "Computers and Electronics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Number Facility"
family = "ability"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Originality"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.69

[[capabilities]]
name = "Instructing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Visualization"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.41

[[capabilities]]
name = "Programming"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Evaluation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speed of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Unix"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "MySQL"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Visual Studio"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Linux"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Photoshop"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Xfig"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Statistical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Scilab"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "SQLite"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "OpenStack"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Gnuplot"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Eclipse IDE"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Python"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Photoshop"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Amazon Web Services AWS software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Ansible software"
category = "Expert system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Autodesk AutoCAD"
category = "Computer aided design CAD software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "C"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "C++"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Extensible markup language XML"
category = "Enterprise application integration software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Git"
category = "File versioning software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "JavaScript"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Linux"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Azure software"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Visual Basic"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Visual Studio"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "MySQL"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Oracle Database"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Oracle Java"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Perl"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Puppet"
category = "Configuration management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Structured query language SQL"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "The MathWorks MATLAB"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "UNIX"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Audition"
category = "Music or sound editing software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Aptech Systems GAUSS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Canu"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "CERN ROOT"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "COMSOL Multiphysics"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Criss Software XRF11"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Database application software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Dose modeling software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Enterprise resource planning ERP system"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 4.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 4.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.36

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 3.78

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 3.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 3.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.31

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 3.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 2.92

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 2.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 2.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 2.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 2.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 2.16

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 2.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 2

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 1.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 1.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 1.75

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 1.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Radiation"
value = 1.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 1.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 1.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 1.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 1.34

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 1.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 1.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 1.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 1.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 1.14

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.83

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.38

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 6

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.94

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.8

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Information Technology"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.74

[[personFit]]
name = "Intellectual Curiosity"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.75

[[personFit]]
name = "Teaching/Education"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Innovation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Mechanics/Electronics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.52

[[personFit]]
name = "Public Speaking"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.51

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2021.00"
slug = "role-15-2021-00"
title = "Mathematicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-2011.00"
slug = "role-19-2011-00"
title = "Astronomers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "25-1054.00"
slug = "role-25-1054-00"
title = "Physics Teachers, Postsecondary"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2051.00"
slug = "role-15-2051-00"
title = "Data Scientists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1021.00"
slug = "role-19-1021-00"
title = "Biochemists and Biophysicists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-2031.00"
slug = "role-19-2031-00"
title = "Chemists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "17-2199.09"
slug = "role-17-2199-09"
title = "Nanosystems Engineers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-2032.00"
slug = "role-19-2032-00"
title = "Materials Scientists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-2042.00"
slug = "role-19-2042-00"
title = "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.02"
slug = "role-19-1029-02"
title = "Molecular and Cellular Biologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-1221.00"
slug = "role-15-1221-00"
title = "Computer and Information Research Scientists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "17-3026.01"
slug = "role-17-3026-01"
title = "Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Advanced Manufacturing"
slug = "advanced-manufacturing"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Energy & Natural Resources"
slug = "energy-natural-resources"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Healthcare & Human Services"
slug = "healthcare-human-services"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Public Service & Safety"
slug = "public-service-safety"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Engineering"
slug = "engineering"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Health Professions and Related Programs"
slug = "health-professions-and-related-programs"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Physical Sciences"
slug = "physical-sciences"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.1
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = 1.345736
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 1.79089
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = 1.096606
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
