entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-19-1042-00"
socCode = "19-1042.00"
title = "Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists"
summary = "Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation, research and development, or other related activities."
aliases = ["Clinical Research Scientist", "Research Scientist", "Scientist", "Study Director", "Clinical Laboratory Scientist (Clinical Lab Scientist)", "Clinical Pharmacologist", "Medical Researcher", "Physician Scientist", "Researcher", "Toxicologist", "Anatomist", "Cancer Researcher"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "5"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree)."
experience = "Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job."
svpRange = "(8.0 and above)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Doctoral Degree"
percentage = 35.91

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Doctoral Training"
percentage = 24.7

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Master's Degree"
percentage = 24.59

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Bachelor's Degree"
percentage = 7.95

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Master's Certificate"
percentage = 6.85

[educationLevel]
category = "Doctoral or professional degree"
slug = "doctoral-or-professional-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 100590
meanWage = 112690
pct10Wage = 61860
pct25Wage = 77260
pct75Wage = 133870
pct90Wage = 168210
employment = 156300
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 15

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 60550
medianWage = 120890
lq = 5.55

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 54000
medianWage = 96280
lq = 2.31

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 24330
medianWage = 76120
lq = 1.76

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 6360
medianWage = 112120
lq = 0.49

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4750
medianWage = 164100
lq = 0.78

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1700
medianWage = 125530
lq = 0.6

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1620
medianWage = 94610
lq = 0.18

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 1500
medianWage = 94610
lq = 0.56

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 840
medianWage = 70710
lq = 4.86

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 550
medianWage = 106620
lq = 8.93

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 430
medianWage = 100960
lq = 0.1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 260
medianWage = 118680
lq = 0.22

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 550
lq = 8.93

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 60550
lq = 5.55

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 840
lq = 4.86

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 54000
lq = 2.31

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 24330
lq = 1.76

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4750
lq = 0.78

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1700
lq = 0.6

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 1500
lq = 0.56

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = true
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 74
percentile = 75
band = "High"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 85
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 73
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 65
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.0045
percentile = 3
band = "Low"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.18181818181818182
beta = 0.5227272727272727
gamma = 0.8636363636363636

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 8.7
growthPercentile = 90
direction = "Growing fast"
annualOpeningsThousands = 9.6
annualOpeningsPercentile = 63
employment2024Thousands = 165.3
employment2034Thousands = 179.6

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = 1.279928
percentile = 85
band = "High"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.8636363636363636
percentile = 73
band = "High"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.19235214012049923
percentile = 65
band = "Moderate"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians."
usagePercent = 0.02074697320148392
importance = 4.1

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels."
usagePercent = 0.012324934575138965
importance = 4.62

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds."
usagePercent = 0.008730161990723432
importance = 4.26

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public."
usagePercent = 0.008524746414471117
importance = 4.13

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Study animal and human health and physiological processes."
usagePercent = 0.00729225295695722
importance = 4.08

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Write and publish articles in scientific journals."
usagePercent = 0.005032681618181743
importance = 4

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 4
taskCount = 6
totalSample = 268
autonomyMedian = 3.5
dominantCollaboration = "learning"
automationShare = 12.04
augmentationShare = 67.59
workUsePercent = 11.57
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "learning"
percent = 56.48

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "directive"
percent = 12.04

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "task iteration"
percent = 11.11

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "coursework"
percent = 44.91

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 31.48

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "work"
percent = 11.57

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians."
usagePercent = 0.009801225153144143
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 98

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels."
usagePercent = 0.004400550068758595
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 44

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Write and publish articles in scientific journals."
usagePercent = 0.004200525065633205
collaboration = "task iteration"
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 42

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Study animal and human health and physiological processes."
usagePercent = 0.003200400050006251
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 3
sampleCount = 32

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels."
humanNeededPercent = 100
sampleCount = 44

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Study animal and human health and physiological processes."
humanNeededPercent = 100
sampleCount = 32

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Write and publish articles in scientific journals."
humanNeededPercent = 95.23809523809523
sampleCount = 42

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians."
humanNeededPercent = 92.85714285714286
sampleCount = 98

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Let's work through this together, step by step: write and publish articles in scientific journals. I'll give feedback as we go."
collaboration = "task iteration"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to study animal and human health and physiological processes, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[counts]
tasks = 14
skills = 47
capabilities = 120
tools = 37
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "a9cce9f3cabd1869"

[[tasks]]
text = "Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.s"

[[tasks]]
text = "Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Study animal and human health and physiological processes."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.s"

[[tasks]]
text = "Write and publish articles in scientific journals."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Write applications for research grants."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, or chromatography systems."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze health-related data."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Research topics in area of expertise."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Present research results to others."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Write grant proposals."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare proposals or grant applications to obtain project funding."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Plan biological research."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.s"

[[activities]]
name = "Direct medical science or healthcare programs."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor operational procedures in technical environments to ensure conformance to standards."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Research diseases or parasites."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Instruct college students in physical or life sciences."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze biological samples."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Establish standards for medical care."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Establish standards for products, processes, or procedures."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Collect information about community health needs."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.s"

[[activities]]
name = "Check physical condition of people or animals."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Measure the physical or physiological attributes of patients."
iwa = "4.A.1.b.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Advise others on healthcare matters."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate laboratory or field equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.i"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Biology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.7

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Science"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.11

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Medicine and Dentistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.67

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Chemistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.44

[[capabilities]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematical Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Instructing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Evaluation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Originality"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.22

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Number Facility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Unix"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Project"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Linux"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Adobe Photoshop"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Statistical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Minitab"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Publisher"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Dynamics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "LexisNexis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "IBM Notes"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Database Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "R"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Adobe Photoshop"
category = "Graphics or photo imaging software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ESRI ArcGIS software"
category = "Geographic information system"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IBM SPSS Statistics"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Linux"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Project"
category = "Project management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Visual Basic"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Python"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SAS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "The MathWorks MATLAB"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "UNIX"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "BioArray Software Environment BASE"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Database software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "FileMaker Pro"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IBM Notes"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Integrated development environment IDE software"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "LexisNexis"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Medical Scientists HybridAI"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Medical Scientists MediSave"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Dynamics"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Exchange"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Publisher"
category = "Desktop publishing software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Minitab"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "National Instruments LabVIEW"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PerkinElmer TurboMass"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "StataCorp Stata"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Statistical software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Thermo ToxLab"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Triple G ULTRA Laboratory Information System"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Waters Empower 2"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Waters MassLynx"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Waters Millennium32"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Waters Q-DIS/QM LIMS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 4.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.84

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.67

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.96

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 3.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.88

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.69

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 3.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.28

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 2.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.83

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 2.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 2.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 2.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.38

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 2.3

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 2.28

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.2

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.13

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 2.04

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 1.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body"
value = 1.57

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance"
value = 1.45

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 8

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Medical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.86

[[personFit]]
name = "Life Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.62

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 6

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.53

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.27

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.18

[[personFit]]
name = "Intellectual Curiosity"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.7

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.29

[[personFit]]
name = "Teaching/Education"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.02

[[personFit]]
name = "Achievement Orientation"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.03"
slug = "role-19-1029-03"
title = "Geneticists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1021.00"
slug = "role-19-1021-00"
title = "Biochemists and Biophysicists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1222.00"
slug = "role-29-1222-00"
title = "Physicians, Pathologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1022.00"
slug = "role-19-1022-00"
title = "Microbiologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.00"
slug = "role-29-2011-00"
title = "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1041.00"
slug = "role-19-1041-00"
title = "Epidemiologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.02"
slug = "role-19-1029-02"
title = "Molecular and Cellular Biologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.01"
slug = "role-29-2011-01"
title = "Cytogenetic Technologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.04"
slug = "role-29-2011-04"
title = "Histotechnologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-3039.03"
slug = "role-19-3039-03"
title = "Clinical Neuropsychologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2012.00"
slug = "role-29-2012-00"
title = "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1212.00"
slug = "role-29-1212-00"
title = "Cardiologists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Healthcare & Human Services"
slug = "healthcare-human-services"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Biological and Biomedical Sciences"
slug = "biological-and-biomedical-sciences"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Health Professions and Related Programs"
slug = "health-professions-and-related-programs"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Medical Residency/Fellowship Programs"
slug = "medical-residency-fellowship-programs"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies"
slug = "multi-interdisciplinary-studies"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Psychology"
slug = "psychology"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Social Sciences"
slug = "social-sciences"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.0045
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = 1.279928
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 1.327314
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = 1.167239
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
