entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-19-1029-01"
socCode = "19-1029.01"
title = "Bioinformatics Scientists"
summary = "Conduct research using bioinformatics theory and methods in areas such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology, computational biology, proteomics, computer information science, biology and medical informatics. May design databases and develop algorithms for processing and analyzing genomic information, or other biological information."
aliases = ["Bioinformaticist", "Bioinformatics Scientist", "Research Scientist", "Scientist", "Research Associate", "Scientific Database Curator", "Bioinformatician", "Bioinformatics Analyst", "Bioinformatics Associate", "Bioinformatics Computer Scientist", "Bioinformatics Consultant", "Bioinformatics Data Analyst"]
emergingTasks = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "5"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree)."
experience = "Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job."
svpRange = "(8.0 and above)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Doctoral Training"
percentage = 32.34

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Master's Degree"
percentage = 16.32

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Doctoral Degree"
percentage = 13.88

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Master's Certificate"
percentage = 3.85

[educationLevel]
category = "Bachelor's degree"
slug = "bachelor-s-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 93330
meanWage = 100440
pct10Wage = 54500
pct25Wage = 67950
pct75Wage = 121350
pct90Wage = 159780
employment = 59710
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 15

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 21620
medianWage = 97840
lq = 5.18

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5590
medianWage = 63290
lq = 1.06

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4180
medianWage = 108160
lq = 0.85

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2440
medianWage = 91830
lq = 0.27

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1200
medianWage = 103890
lq = 0.51

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 900
medianWage = 92020
lq = 0.26

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 880
medianWage = 61800
lq = 13.34

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 800
medianWage = 85560
lq = 1.79

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 660
medianWage = 82570
lq = 0.64

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 550
medianWage = 122580
lq = 0.51

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 220
medianWage = 98890
lq = 9.35

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 200
medianWage = 64090
lq = 0.12

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 880
lq = 13.34

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 220
lq = 9.35

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 21620
lq = 5.18

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 800
lq = 1.79

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5590
lq = 1.06

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "11"
slug = "11"
title = "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting"
level = "Sector"
employment = 140
lq = 0.85

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4180
lq = 0.85

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 660
lq = 0.64

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = true
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 82
percentile = 87
band = "High"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 74
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 95
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 77
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.015
percentile = 11
band = "Low"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.42424242424242425
beta = 0.7121212121212122
gamma = 1

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 1.2
growthPercentile = 33
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 4.8
annualOpeningsPercentile = 48
employment2024Thousands = 63.7
employment2034Thousands = 64.5

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = 1.010193
percentile = 74
band = "High"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 1
percentile = 95
band = "High"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.2403715887208747
percentile = 77
band = "High"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Develop data models and databases."
usagePercent = 0.10116717130426567
importance = 3.83

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Develop new software applications or customize existing applications to meet specific scientific project needs."
usagePercent = 0.09089639249164985
importance = 4.3

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Communicate research results through conference presentations, scientific publications, or project reports."
usagePercent = 0.027628395005936512
importance = 4.28

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Manipulate publicly accessible, commercial, or proprietary genomic, proteomic, or post-genomic databases."
usagePercent = 0.022082174447123976
importance = 3.71

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Consult with researchers to analyze problems, recommend technology-based solutions, or determine computational strategies."
usagePercent = 0.01776844734582534
importance = 4.22

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Create or modify web-based bioinformatics tools."
usagePercent = 0.01725490840519455
importance = 3.38

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 14
taskCount = 15
totalSample = 4710
autonomyMedian = 4
dominantCollaboration = "directive"
automationShare = 48.5
augmentationShare = 44.54
workUsePercent = 55.53
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "directive"
percent = 31.41

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "task iteration"
percent = 24.25

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "learning"
percent = 18.82

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "feedback loop"
percent = 17.09

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "none"
percent = 1.56

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "validation"
percent = 1.47

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "work"
percent = 55.53

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 24.25

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "coursework"
percent = 18.26

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Develop new software applications or customize existing applications to meet specific scientific project needs."
usagePercent = 0.31243905488186025
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 3124

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Analyze large molecular datasets such as raw microarray data, genomic sequence data, and proteomics data for clinical or basic research purposes."
usagePercent = 0.038304788098512316
collaboration = "feedback loop"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 383

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Instruct others in the selection and use of bioinformatics tools."
usagePercent = 0.025903237904738093
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 259

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Provide statistical and computational tools for biologically based activities such as genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, and gene function determination."
usagePercent = 0.01740217527190899
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 174

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Develop data models and databases."
usagePercent = 0.013901737717214653
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 139

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Consult with researchers to analyze problems, recommend technology-based solutions, or determine computational strategies."
usagePercent = 0.013901737717214653
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 139

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Communicate research results through conference presentations, scientific publications, or project reports."
usagePercent = 0.01310163770471309
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 131

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Design and apply bioinformatics algorithms including unsupervised and supervised machine learning, dynamic programming, or graphic algorithms."
usagePercent = 0.006700837604700588
collaboration = "task iteration"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 67

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Recommend new systems and processes to improve operations."
humanNeededPercent = 97.43589743589743
sampleCount = 39

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Consult with researchers to analyze problems, recommend technology-based solutions, or determine computational strategies."
humanNeededPercent = 94.96402877697841
sampleCount = 139

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Prepare summary statistics of information regarding human genomes."
humanNeededPercent = 91.8918918918919
sampleCount = 37

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Develop data models and databases."
humanNeededPercent = 89.92805755395683
sampleCount = 139

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Instruct others in the selection and use of bioinformatics tools."
humanNeededPercent = 89.1891891891892
sampleCount = 259

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Communicate research results through conference presentations, scientific publications, or project reports."
humanNeededPercent = 88.54961832061069
sampleCount = 131

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: develop new software applications or customize existing applications to meet specific scientific project needs. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Help me analyze large molecular datasets such as raw microarray data, genomic sequence data, and proteomics data for clinical or basic research purposes. Share a first pass, then we'll refine it together."
collaboration = "feedback loop"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to instruct others in the selection and use of bioinformatics tools, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: provide statistical and computational tools for biologically based activities such as genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, and gene function determination. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: develop data models and databases. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[counts]
tasks = 20
skills = 51
capabilities = 120
tools = 93
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "b302eb9d874dc9af"

[[tasks]]
text = "Develop new software applications or customize existing applications to meet specific scientific project needs."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Communicate research results through conference presentations, scientific publications, or project reports."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Create novel computational approaches and analytical tools as required by research goals."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Consult with researchers to analyze problems, recommend technology-based solutions, or determine computational strategies."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Analyze large molecular datasets, such as raw microarray data, genomic sequence data, or proteomics data, for clinical or basic research purposes."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Keep abreast of new biochemistries, instrumentation, or software by reading scientific literature and attending professional conferences."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Develop data models and databases."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Compile data for use in activities, such as gene expression profiling, genome annotation, or structural bioinformatics."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Design and apply bioinformatics algorithms including unsupervised and supervised machine learning, dynamic programming, or graphic algorithms."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.b"

[[tasks]]
text = "Manipulate publicly accessible, commercial, or proprietary genomic, proteomic, or post-genomic databases."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Direct the work of technicians and information technology staff applying bioinformatics tools or applications in areas such as proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, or clinical bioinformatics."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide statistical and computational tools for biologically based activities, such as genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, or gene function determination."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Advise others on business or operational matters."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Review professional literature to maintain professional knowledge."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Collaborate with technical specialists to resolve design or development problems."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.1.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop software or applications for scientific or technical use."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.b"

[[activities]]
name = "Research genetic characteristics or expression."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Train personnel in technical or scientific procedures."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.3.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Supervise scientific or technical personnel."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop technical or scientific databases."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Advise others on the development or use of new technologies."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze biological samples."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Biology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.83

[[capabilities]]
name = "Computers and Electronics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.61

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.33

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.22

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematical Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Science"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Originality"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Number Facility"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Chemistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.56

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Evaluation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Memorization"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Unix"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Linux"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Github"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Shell Script"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "PostgreSQL"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "NoSQL"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "MySQL"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Visual Studio"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft SharePoint"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "JQuery"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Hadoop"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "GenePattern"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Amazon Web Services AWS software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Bash"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "C"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "C++"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Docker"
category = "Application server software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Git"
category = "File versioning software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "GitHub"
category = "Application server software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Linux"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Oracle Java"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Perl"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Python"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "R"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Structured query language SQL"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "The MathWorks MATLAB"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "UNIX"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Apache Hadoop"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "C#"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Django"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Extensible markup language XML"
category = "Enterprise application integration software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Hypertext markup language HTML"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IBM SPSS Statistics"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "JavaScript"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "JavaScript Object Notation JSON"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "jQuery"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Azure software"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft SharePoint"
category = "Document management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft SQL Server"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Visual Studio"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "MySQL"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "NoSQL"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Oracle Database"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Oracle PL/SQL"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PHP"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 4.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.54

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.33

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 4.08

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 4.07

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 4.01

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.71

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 3.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.41

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 3.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 2.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 2.99

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 2.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 2.39

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 2.37

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 2.15

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 2.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.12

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 1.98

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 1.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 1.7

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 1.6

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 1.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 1.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 1.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 1.27

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 1.23

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions"
value = 1.22

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 1.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 1.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 1.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.28

[[personFit]]
name = "Information Technology"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.07

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 6

[[personFit]]
name = "Life Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.79

[[personFit]]
name = "Medical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.69

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.04

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Intellectual Curiosity"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.81

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.19

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.01

[[personFit]]
name = "Achievement Orientation"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Engineering"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.81

[[personFit]]
name = "Innovation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.51

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2099.01"
slug = "role-15-2099-01"
title = "Bioinformatics Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2051.00"
slug = "role-15-2051-00"
title = "Data Scientists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.02"
slug = "role-19-1029-02"
title = "Molecular and Cellular Biologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.03"
slug = "role-19-1029-03"
title = "Geneticists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "17-2031.00"
slug = "role-17-2031-00"
title = "Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2041.01"
slug = "role-15-2041-01"
title = "Biostatisticians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1021.00"
slug = "role-19-1021-00"
title = "Biochemists and Biophysicists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-4021.00"
slug = "role-19-4021-00"
title = "Biological Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2041.00"
slug = "role-15-2041-00"
title = "Statisticians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.01"
slug = "role-29-2011-01"
title = "Cytogenetic Technologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "17-3026.01"
slug = "role-17-3026-01"
title = "Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1022.00"
slug = "role-19-1022-00"
title = "Microbiologists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Agriculture"
slug = "agriculture"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Energy & Natural Resources"
slug = "energy-natural-resources"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Healthcare & Human Services"
slug = "healthcare-human-services"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Biological and Biomedical Sciences"
slug = "biological-and-biomedical-sciences"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Mathematics and Statistics"
slug = "mathematics-and-statistics"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies"
slug = "multi-interdisciplinary-studies"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Psychology"
slug = "psychology"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.015
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = 1.010193
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 1.285429
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = 0.8829154
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
