entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-19-1029-00"
socCode = "19-1029.00"
title = "Biological Scientists, All Other"
summary = "All biological scientists not listed separately."
aliases = ["Algologist", "Astrobiologist", "Bioanalyst", "Bioassayist", "Biologist", "Biomedical Scientist", "Botanist", "Bryologist", "Collector of Aquarium Specimens", "Embryologist", "Etiologist", "Morphologist"]
tasks = []
emergingTasks = []
activities = []
capabilities = []
skills = []
tools = []
workContext = []
personFit = []
relatedRoles = []

[preparation]
educationDistribution = []

[educationLevel]
category = "Bachelor's degree"
slug = "bachelor-s-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 93330
meanWage = 100440
pct10Wage = 54500
pct25Wage = 67950
pct75Wage = 121350
pct90Wage = 159780
employment = 59710
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 15

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 21620
medianWage = 97840
lq = 5.18

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5590
medianWage = 63290
lq = 1.06

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4180
medianWage = 108160
lq = 0.85

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 2440
medianWage = 91830
lq = 0.27

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1200
medianWage = 103890
lq = 0.51

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 900
medianWage = 92020
lq = 0.26

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 880
medianWage = 61800
lq = 13.34

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 800
medianWage = 85560
lq = 1.79

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 660
medianWage = 82570
lq = 0.64

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 550
medianWage = 122580
lq = 0.51

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 220
medianWage = 98890
lq = 9.35

[[industries.top]]
naics = "81"
slug = "81"
title = "Other Services (except Public Administration)"
level = "Sector"
employment = 200
medianWage = 64090
lq = 0.12

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 880
lq = 13.34

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 220
lq = 9.35

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 21620
lq = 5.18

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 800
lq = 1.79

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 5590
lq = 1.06

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "11"
slug = "11"
title = "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting"
level = "Sector"
employment = 140
lq = 0.85

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4180
lq = 0.85

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 660
lq = 0.64

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = true
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 70
percentile = 70
band = "High"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 74
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 60
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 77
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.015
percentile = 11
band = "Low"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.20588235294117646
beta = 0.4852941176470588
gamma = 0.7647058823529411

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 1.2
growthPercentile = 33
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 4.8
annualOpeningsPercentile = 48
employment2024Thousands = 63.7
employment2034Thousands = 64.5

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = 1.010193
percentile = 74
band = "High"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.7647058823529411
percentile = 60
band = "Moderate"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.2403715887208747
percentile = 77
band = "High"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 0
skills = 0
capabilities = 0
tools = 0
relatedRoles = 0

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "98a7cba1307cfe1d"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Agriculture"
slug = "agriculture"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Energy & Natural Resources"
slug = "energy-natural-resources"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Healthcare & Human Services"
slug = "healthcare-human-services"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Biological and Biomedical Sciences"
slug = "biological-and-biomedical-sciences"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Mathematics and Statistics"
slug = "mathematics-and-statistics"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies"
slug = "multi-interdisciplinary-studies"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Psychology"
slug = "psychology"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.015
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = 1.010193
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 1.285429
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = 0.8829154
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
