entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-19-1022-00"
socCode = "19-1022.00"
title = "Microbiologists"
summary = "Investigate the growth, structure, development, and other characteristics of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, algae, or fungi. Includes medical microbiologists who study the relationship between organisms and disease or the effects of antibiotics on microorganisms."
aliases = ["Bacteriologist", "Clinical Laboratory Scientist (Clinical Lab Scientist)", "Microbiological Analyst", "Microbiologist", "Clinical Microbiologist", "Medical Technologist", "Public Health Microbiologist", "Quality Control Microbiologist (QC Microbiologist)", "Research Microbiologist", "Research Specialist", "Cytologist", "Electron Microscopist"]

[preparation]
jobZone = "4"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not."
experience = "A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified."
svpRange = "(7.0 to < 8.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Bachelor's Degree"
percentage = 63.64

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Master's Degree"
percentage = 13.64

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 9.09

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Baccalaureate Certificate"
percentage = 9.09

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Post-Doctoral Training"
percentage = 4.55

[educationLevel]
category = "Bachelor's degree"
slug = "bachelor-s-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 87330
meanWage = 95200
pct10Wage = 51220
pct25Wage = 63920
pct75Wage = 120750
pct90Wage = 150650
employment = 19760
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 11

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 8170
medianWage = 89710
lq = 5.92

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4410
medianWage = 81590
lq = 2.7

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 1650
medianWage = 55100
lq = 75.56

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1330
medianWage = 64170
lq = 0.76

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1010
medianWage = 108970
lq = 0.34

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 360
medianWage = 58490
lq = 0.31

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 350
medianWage = 97990
lq = 0.97

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 280
medianWage = 51220
lq = 0.82

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 240
medianWage = 83690
lq = 0.31

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
medianWage = 77460

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541940"
slug = "541940"
title = "Veterinary Services"
level = "National industry"
medianWage = 85950

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541380"
slug = "541380"
title = "Testing Laboratories and Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 1650
lq = 75.56

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 8170
lq = 5.92

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 4410
lq = 2.7

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 350
lq = 0.97

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 280
lq = 0.82

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1330
lq = 0.76

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 1010
lq = 0.34

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 240
lq = 0.31

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = false
usageRelease = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 60
percentile = 59
band = "Moderate"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 64
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 56
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 61
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.012
percentile = 8
band = "Low"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.08333333333333333
beta = 0.3958333333333333
gamma = 0.7083333333333333

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 4.1
growthPercentile = 65
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 1.7
annualOpeningsPercentile = 25
employment2024Thousands = 20.7
employment2034Thousands = 21.6

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = 0.6955647
percentile = 64
band = "Moderate"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.7083333333333333
percentile = 56
band = "Moderate"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.17652889421572443
percentile = 61
band = "Moderate"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Examine physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics, using microscope, to identify and classify microorganisms in human, water, and food specimens."
usagePercent = 0.018898233015213078
importance = 4.26

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Conduct chemical analyses of substances such as acids, alcohols, and enzymes."
usagePercent = 0.015303460430797547
importance = 3.33

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Observe action of microorganisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other microorganisms, and on dead organic matter."
usagePercent = 0.005135389406307902
importance = 3.67

[[aiOutlook.usageTasks]]
task = "Research use of bacteria and microorganisms to develop vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids, grain alcohol, sugars, and polymers."
usagePercent = 0.0015406168218923706
importance = 3.71

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[aiPlaybook]
trustedTaskCount = 5
taskCount = 7
totalSample = 859
autonomyMedian = 4
dominantCollaboration = "directive"
automationShare = 32.11
augmentationShare = 56.17
workUsePercent = 34.8
release = "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "directive"
percent = 28.08

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "task iteration"
percent = 26.62

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "learning"
percent = 25.76

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "feedback loop"
percent = 4.03

[[aiPlaybook.collaboration]]
label = "validation"
percent = 3.79

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "coursework"
percent = 48.47

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "work"
percent = 34.8

[[aiPlaybook.useCase]]
label = "personal"
percent = 11.23

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Prepare technical reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes."
usagePercent = 0.04560570071258908
collaboration = "task iteration"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 456

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Examine physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics, using microscope, to identify and classify microorganisms in human, water, and food specimens."
usagePercent = 0.023302912864108013
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 233

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Observe action of microorganisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other microorganisms, and on dead organic matter."
usagePercent = 0.005900737592199025
collaboration = "learning"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 59

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Conduct chemical analyses of substances such as acids, alcohols, and enzymes."
usagePercent = 0.004100512564070509
collaboration = "directive"
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 41

[[aiPlaybook.delegatedTasks]]
task = "Isolate and maintain cultures of bacteria or other microorganisms in prescribed or developed media, controlling moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition."
usagePercent = 0.0030003750468808603
autonomyMedian = 4
sampleCount = 30

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Isolate and maintain cultures of bacteria or other microorganisms in prescribed or developed media, controlling moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition."
humanNeededPercent = 100
sampleCount = 30

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Examine physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics, using microscope, to identify and classify microorganisms in human, water, and food specimens."
humanNeededPercent = 93.13304721030042
sampleCount = 233

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Conduct chemical analyses of substances such as acids, alcohols, and enzymes."
humanNeededPercent = 92.6829268292683
sampleCount = 41

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Observe action of microorganisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other microorganisms, and on dead organic matter."
humanNeededPercent = 91.52542372881356
sampleCount = 59

[[aiPlaybook.boundaryTasks]]
task = "Prepare technical reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes."
humanNeededPercent = 87.71929824561403
sampleCount = 456

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Let's work through this together, step by step: prepare technical reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes. I'll give feedback as we go."
collaboration = "task iteration"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to examine physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics, using microscope, to identify and classify microorganisms in human, water, and food specimens, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Teach me how to observe action of microorganisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other microorganisms, and on dead organic matter, then check my work as I try it myself."
collaboration = "learning"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Do this for me: conduct chemical analyses of substances such as acids, alcohols, and enzymes. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust."
collaboration = "directive"

[[aiPlaybook.seedPrompts]]
prompt = "Help me with this part of my job: isolate and maintain cultures of bacteria or other microorganisms in prescribed or developed media, controlling moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition"

[counts]
tasks = 14
skills = 41
capabilities = 120
tools = 44
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "a04e7efbd8bec1ba"

[[tasks]]
text = "Isolate and maintain cultures of bacteria or other microorganisms in prescribed or developed media, controlling moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.au"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide laboratory services for health departments, community environmental health programs, and physicians needing information for diagnosis and treatment."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Monitor and perform tests on water, food, and the environment to detect harmful microorganisms or to obtain information about sources of pollution, contamination, or infection."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Examine physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics, using microscope, to identify and classify microorganisms in human, water, and food specimens."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Supervise biological technologists and technicians and other scientists."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Use a variety of specialized equipment, such as electron microscopes, gas and high-pressure liquid chromatographs, electrophoresis units, thermocyclers, fluorescence-activated cell sorters, and phosphorimagers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.i"

[[tasks]]
text = "Investigate the relationship between organisms and disease, including the control of epidemics and the effects of antibiotics on microorganisms."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Prepare technical reports and recommendations, based upon research outcomes."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Research use of bacteria and microorganisms to develop vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids, grain alcohol, sugars, and polymers."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Observe action of microorganisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other microorganisms, and on dead organic matter."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Study growth, structure, development, and general characteristics of bacteria and other microorganisms to understand their relationship to human, plant, and animal health."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[tasks]]
text = "Study the structure and function of human, animal, and plant tissues, cells, pathogens, and toxins."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[emergingTasks]]
text = "Perform tests on water, food, and the environment to detect harmful microorganisms or to obtain information about sources of pollution, contamination, or infection and interpret the results."

[[activities]]
name = "Cultivate micro-organisms for study, testing, or medical preparations."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.au"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare biological samples for testing or analysis."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.2.au"

[[activities]]
name = "Monitor environmental impacts of production or development activities."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Inspect condition of natural environments."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.2.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop new or advanced products or production methods."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Classify organisms based on their characteristics or behavior."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze biological samples."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Examine characteristics or behavior of living organisms."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Research diseases or parasites."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Supervise scientific or technical personnel."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Research microbiological or chemical processes or structures."
iwa = "4.A.1.a.1.p"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Operate laboratory or field equipment."
iwa = "4.A.3.a.3.i"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze chemical compounds or substances."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.j"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Biology"
family = "knowledge"
value = 4.73

[[capabilities]]
name = "Science"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Category Flexibility"
family = "ability"
value = 4

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Learning"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 3.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Chemistry"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.82

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Fluency of Ideas"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Flexibility of Closure"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.65

[[capabilities]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Computers and Electronics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.6

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.52

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.32

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Originality"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Instructing"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Service Orientation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Windows"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Statistical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Email Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Medical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Windows"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SAP software"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Assistant Software for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Interpretation ASASI"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "BD Biosciences CellQuest"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "BD Biosciences CloneCyt"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Bruker Optics OPUS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "BtB Software Mycobacteriology Lab"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Codon Usage Database"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ComBase"
category = "Information retrieval or search software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Computer Service & Support CLS-2000 Laboratory System"
category = "Medical software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Computing Solutions LabSoft LIMS Micro"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Database management software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "DM2 Bills of Lading"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Email software"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "FindTarget"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "FramePlot"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Gene Finder"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Gene recognition software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Genie Interactive"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Image capture and analysis software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Laboratory information management system LIMS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "NetLims AutoLims"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Orchard Software Orchard Harvest LIS"
category = "Medical software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Pathogen Modeling Program PMP"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PHYLIP"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PIBWin"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "PredictProtein"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Proscan"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Protein databases"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Protein Explorer"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "ProtScale"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "STARLIMS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Statistical software"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 5

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 4.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.74

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets"
value = 4.73

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.14

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 4.1

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Disease or Infections"
value = 4.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 3.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 3.91

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 3.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 3.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 3.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 3.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions"
value = 3.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.48

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 3.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 3.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions"
value = 3.32

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 3.29

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.18

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 2.95

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 2.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 2.82

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.77

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Public Speaking"
value = 2.64

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 2.05

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 1.86

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 1.86

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Life Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 7

[[personFit]]
name = "Medical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.49

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 6

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.29

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Cautiousness"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 3.96

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.85

[[personFit]]
name = "Intellectual Curiosity"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical Science"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.9

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.88

[[personFit]]
name = "Innovation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.27

[[personFit]]
name = "Achievement Orientation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.14

[[personFit]]
name = "Information Technology"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.08

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1021.00"
slug = "role-19-1021-00"
title = "Biochemists and Biophysicists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-4021.00"
slug = "role-19-4021-00"
title = "Biological Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1042.00"
slug = "role-19-1042-00"
title = "Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.04"
slug = "role-29-2011-04"
title = "Histotechnologists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.03"
slug = "role-19-1029-03"
title = "Geneticists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-2031.00"
slug = "role-19-2031-00"
title = "Chemists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.02"
slug = "role-19-1029-02"
title = "Molecular and Cellular Biologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.04"
slug = "role-19-1029-04"
title = "Biologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-1222.00"
slug = "role-29-1222-00"
title = "Physicians, Pathologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1041.00"
slug = "role-19-1041-00"
title = "Epidemiologists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2011.00"
slug = "role-29-2011-00"
title = "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "29-2012.00"
slug = "role-29-2012-00"
title = "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Agriculture"
slug = "agriculture"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Energy & Natural Resources"
slug = "energy-natural-resources"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and Related Sciences"
slug = "agriculture-agriculture-operations-and-related-sciences"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Biological and Biomedical Sciences"
slug = "biological-and-biomedical-sciences"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.012
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = 0.6955647
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = 1.220069
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = 0.4742087
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
