{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-17-2141-01",
  "socCode": "17-2141.01",
  "title": "Fuel Cell Engineers",
  "summary": "Design, evaluate, modify, or construct fuel cell components or systems for transportation, stationary, or portable applications.",
  "aliases": [
    "Engineer",
    "Fuel Cell Engineer",
    "Research Engineer",
    "Stack Engineer",
    "Design Cell Engineer",
    "Fuel Cell Designer",
    "Fuel Cell Systems Engineer",
    "Fuel Cell Test Engineer",
    "Space Battery Technician",
    "Subsystems Engineer"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Plan or conduct experiments to validate new materials, optimize startup protocols, reduce conditioning time, or examine contaminant tolerance.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.t"
    },
    {
      "text": "Provide technical consultation or direction related to the development or production of fuel cell systems.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.6.d"
    },
    {
      "text": "Characterize component or fuel cell performances by generating operating maps, defining operating conditions, identifying design refinements, or executing durability assessments.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.m"
    },
    {
      "text": "Analyze fuel cell or related test data, using statistical software.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.l"
    },
    {
      "text": "Plan or implement fuel cell cost reduction or product improvement projects in collaboration with other engineers, suppliers, support personnel, or customers.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.1.i"
    },
    {
      "text": "Conduct fuel cell testing projects, using fuel cell test stations, analytical instruments, or electrochemical diagnostics, such as cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Conduct post-service or failure analyses, using electromechanical diagnostic principles or procedures.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.l"
    },
    {
      "text": "Recommend or implement changes to fuel cell system designs.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.6.e"
    },
    {
      "text": "Define specifications for fuel cell materials.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, or talk with colleagues to stay abreast of new technology or competitive products.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Validate design of fuel cells, fuel cell components, or fuel cell systems.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.g"
    },
    {
      "text": "Develop fuel cell materials or fuel cell test equipment.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.k"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Prepare technical reports for internal use.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prepare proposal documents.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Update technical knowledge.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.3.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Conduct validation tests of equipment or processes.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Create models of engineering designs or methods.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.6.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Provide technical guidance to other personnel.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.6.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Research energy production, use, or conservation.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.t"
    },
    {
      "name": "Design energy-efficient vehicles or vehicle components.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.m"
    },
    {
      "name": "Analyze green technology design requirements.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Create physical models or prototypes.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Design materials for industrial or commercial applications.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.k"
    },
    {
      "name": "Conduct quantitative failure analyses of operational data.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.l"
    },
    {
      "name": "Devise research or testing protocols.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.s"
    },
    {
      "name": "Design alternative energy systems.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.m"
    },
    {
      "name": "Analyze costs and benefits of proposed designs or projects.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Analyze test or validation data.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.l"
    },
    {
      "name": "Operate industrial equipment.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.a.3.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Implement design or process improvements.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.1.i"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prepare detailed work plans.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.6.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Confer with technical personnel to prepare designs or operational plans.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.2.h"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate activities with suppliers, contractors, clients, or other departments.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maintain inventories of materials, equipment, or products.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.3.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Test green technologies or processes.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine design criteria or specifications.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Evaluate the characteristics of green technologies.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Develop technical methods or processes.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Investigate the environmental impact of projects.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.j"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Engineering and Technology",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.64
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematical Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Design",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Science",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Category Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.64
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitoring",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Evaluation",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Fluency of Ideas",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Originality",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Computers and Electronics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.48
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanical",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Flexibility of Closure",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Selective Attention",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Production and Processing",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Number Facility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.14
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft PowerPoint",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Excel",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Word",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Windows",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Statistical Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Minitab",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aspen Plus",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Installation",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geography",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Presentation Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Excel",
      "category": "Spreadsheet software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Office software",
      "category": "Office suite software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft PowerPoint",
      "category": "Presentation software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Python",
      "category": "Object or component oriented development software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "The MathWorks MATLAB",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Autodesk AutoCAD",
      "category": "Computer aided design CAD software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "C",
      "category": "Development environment software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "C++",
      "category": "Object or component oriented development software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Windows",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Word",
      "category": "Word processing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Oracle Database",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "MathWorks Simulink",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Ansoft Simplorer",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Ansys Fluent",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "ASPEN PLUS",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "FactSage",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Failure mode and effects analysis FMEA software",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Gaussian GaussView",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Gaussian software",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "GE Energy GateCycle",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "IBM Cloud",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Maplesoft Maple",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Minitab",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "National Instruments LabVIEW",
      "category": "Development environment software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Statistical software",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software",
      "category": "Industrial control software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Wind River Systems C/C++ Compiler Suite",
      "category": "Development environment software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Wolfram Research Mathematica",
      "category": "Analytical or scientific software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "E-Mail",
      "value": 4.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 4.82
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.64
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 4.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets",
      "value": 4.41
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 4.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 3.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 3.86
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 3.82
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 3.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 3.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Conditions",
      "value": 3.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 3.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Sitting",
      "value": 3.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 3.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 3.18
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 3.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 3.05
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 2.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 2.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 2.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 2.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 2.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 2.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Speaking",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 2.48
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment",
      "value": 2.45
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 2.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 2.36
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Contaminants",
      "value": 2.32
    },
    {
      "name": "Degree of Automation",
      "value": 2.27
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 2.05
    },
    {
      "name": "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment",
      "value": 1.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 1.82
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 1.77
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment",
      "value": 1.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 1.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection",
      "value": 1.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People",
      "value": 1.67
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Under Cover",
      "value": 1.64
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "4",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.",
    "experience": "A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.",
    "svpRange": "(7.0 to < 8.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "Bachelor's Degree",
        "percentage": 57.14
      },
      {
        "label": "Master's Degree",
        "percentage": 42.86
      }
    ]
  },
  "personFit": [
    {
      "name": "Engineering",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 6.65
    },
    {
      "name": "Dependability",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 6
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Science",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 5.71
    },
    {
      "name": "Realistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 5.53
    },
    {
      "name": "Investigative",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 5.37
    },
    {
      "name": "Mechanics/Electronics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 5.13
    },
    {
      "name": "Attention to Detail",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 5
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics/Statistics",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 4.91
    },
    {
      "name": "Conventional",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 4.06
    },
    {
      "name": "Cautiousness",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Intellectual Curiosity",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Enterprising",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 2.51
    },
    {
      "name": "Innovation",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.51
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Technology",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.46
    },
    {
      "name": "Achievement Orientation",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.14
    }
  ],
  "relatedRoles": [
    {
      "socCode": "17-2041.00",
      "slug": "role-17-2041-00",
      "title": "Chemical Engineers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-2141.02",
      "slug": "role-17-2141-02",
      "title": "Automotive Engineers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-2199.06",
      "slug": "role-17-2199-06",
      "title": "Microsystems Engineers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "11-9041.01",
      "slug": "role-11-9041-01",
      "title": "Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-2071.00",
      "slug": "role-17-2071-00",
      "title": "Electrical Engineers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-2141.00",
      "slug": "role-17-2141-00",
      "title": "Mechanical Engineers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-2072.00",
      "slug": "role-17-2072-00",
      "title": "Electronics Engineers, Except Computer",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-2011.00",
      "slug": "role-17-2011-00",
      "title": "Aerospace Engineers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "19-2032.00",
      "slug": "role-19-2032-00",
      "title": "Materials Scientists",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-2161.00",
      "slug": "role-17-2161-00",
      "title": "Nuclear Engineers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "17-3023.00",
      "slug": "role-17-3023-00",
      "title": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-8013.03",
      "slug": "role-51-8013-03",
      "title": "Biomass Plant Technicians",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    }
  ],
  "careerClusters": [
    {
      "cluster": "Advanced Manufacturing",
      "slug": "advanced-manufacturing"
    }
  ],
  "educationLevel": {
    "category": "Bachelor's degree",
    "slug": "bachelor-s-degree"
  },
  "studyPrograms": [
    {
      "title": "Engineering",
      "slug": "engineering"
    }
  ],
  "market": {
    "medianWage": 102320,
    "meanWage": 110080,
    "pct10Wage": 68740,
    "pct25Wage": 81800,
    "pct75Wage": 130290,
    "pct90Wage": 161240,
    "employment": 286760,
    "areaTitle": "U.S."
  },
  "industries": {
    "top": [
      {
        "naics": "31-33",
        "slug": "31-33",
        "title": "Manufacturing",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 127220,
        "medianWage": 99990,
        "lq": 5.36
      },
      {
        "naics": "54",
        "slug": "54",
        "title": "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 89470,
        "medianWage": 106190,
        "lq": 4.47
      },
      {
        "naics": "541330",
        "slug": "541330",
        "title": "Engineering Services",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 51510,
        "medianWage": 103250,
        "lq": 23.96
      },
      {
        "naics": "42",
        "slug": "42",
        "title": "Wholesale Trade",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 18910,
        "medianWage": 98380,
        "lq": 1.68
      },
      {
        "naics": "55",
        "slug": "55",
        "title": "Management of Companies and Enterprises",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 11080,
        "medianWage": 108040,
        "lq": 2.12
      },
      {
        "naics": "56",
        "slug": "56",
        "title": "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 8330,
        "medianWage": 94330,
        "lq": 0.5
      },
      {
        "naics": "561320",
        "slug": "561320",
        "title": "Temporary Help Services",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 6220,
        "medianWage": 86140,
        "lq": 1.26
      },
      {
        "naics": "23",
        "slug": "23",
        "title": "Construction",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 5680,
        "medianWage": 97790,
        "lq": 0.38
      },
      {
        "naics": "541380",
        "slug": "541380",
        "title": "Testing Laboratories and Services",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 3650,
        "medianWage": 103910,
        "lq": 11.52
      },
      {
        "naics": "238220",
        "slug": "238220",
        "title": "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 3000,
        "medianWage": 88990,
        "lq": 1.27
      },
      {
        "naics": "332710",
        "slug": "332710",
        "title": "Machine Shops",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 2980,
        "medianWage": 85780,
        "lq": 6.17
      },
      {
        "naics": "22",
        "slug": "22",
        "title": "Utilities",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 1710,
        "medianWage": 130420,
        "lq": 1.59
      }
    ],
    "concentrated": [
      {
        "naics": "541330",
        "slug": "541330",
        "title": "Engineering Services",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 51510,
        "lq": 23.96
      },
      {
        "naics": "541380",
        "slug": "541380",
        "title": "Testing Laboratories and Services",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 3650,
        "lq": 11.52
      },
      {
        "naics": "332710",
        "slug": "332710",
        "title": "Machine Shops",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 2980,
        "lq": 6.17
      },
      {
        "naics": "31-33",
        "slug": "31-33",
        "title": "Manufacturing",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 127220,
        "lq": 5.36
      },
      {
        "naics": "54",
        "slug": "54",
        "title": "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 89470,
        "lq": 4.47
      },
      {
        "naics": "221114",
        "slug": "221114",
        "title": "Solar Electric Power Generation",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 100,
        "lq": 3.85
      },
      {
        "naics": "55",
        "slug": "55",
        "title": "Management of Companies and Enterprises",
        "level": "Sector",
        "employment": 11080,
        "lq": 2.12
      },
      {
        "naics": "221113",
        "slug": "221113",
        "title": "Nuclear Electric Power Generation",
        "level": "National industry",
        "employment": 140,
        "lq": 2.03
      }
    ],
    "count": 32
  },
  "aiSignals": [
    {
      "source": "frey_osborne",
      "label": "Computerization probability",
      "score": 0.011,
      "scale": "0-1 probability",
      "release": "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"
    },
    {
      "source": "felten_aioe",
      "label": "AI occupational exposure",
      "score": 1.004709,
      "scale": "relative exposure score",
      "release": "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
    },
    {
      "source": "felten_image_generation_aioe",
      "label": "Image generation occupational exposure",
      "score": 1.627791,
      "scale": "relative exposure score",
      "release": "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
    },
    {
      "source": "felten_language_modeling_aioe",
      "label": "Language modeling occupational exposure",
      "score": 0.6780269,
      "scale": "relative exposure score",
      "release": "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
    }
  ],
  "aiOutlook": {
    "index": {
      "value": 71,
      "percentile": 71,
      "band": "High",
      "version": "ai-exposure-index-v1",
      "components": [
        {
          "percentile": 74,
          "source": "felten_aioe"
        },
        {
          "percentile": 57,
          "source": "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
        },
        {
          "percentile": 82,
          "source": "microsoft_working_with_ai"
        }
      ],
      "componentCount": 3
    },
    "exposure": [
      {
        "source": "felten_aioe",
        "label": "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)",
        "value": 1.004709,
        "percentile": 74,
        "band": "High",
        "note": "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."
      },
      {
        "source": "eloundou_gamma",
        "label": "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)",
        "value": 0.7254901960784313,
        "percentile": 57,
        "band": "Moderate",
        "note": "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."
      },
      {
        "source": "microsoft_applicability",
        "label": "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)",
        "value": 0.25726650216502944,
        "percentile": 82,
        "band": "High",
        "note": "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."
      }
    ],
    "freyHistorical": {
      "source": "frey",
      "label": "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)",
      "value": 0.011,
      "percentile": 7,
      "band": "Low",
      "note": "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."
    },
    "teleworkable": false,
    "eloundou": {
      "alpha": 0.23529411764705882,
      "beta": 0.4803921568627451,
      "gamma": 0.7254901960784313
    },
    "usageTasks": [
      {
        "task": "Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects.",
        "usagePercent": 0.007805791897588011,
        "importance": 3.55
      },
      {
        "task": "Simulate or model fuel cell, motor, or other system information, using simulation software programs.",
        "usagePercent": 0.004929973830055586,
        "importance": 3.42
      }
    ],
    "usageRelease": "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2",
    "bls": {
      "growthPercent": 9.1,
      "growthPercentile": 91,
      "direction": "Growing fast",
      "annualOpeningsThousands": 18.1,
      "annualOpeningsPercentile": 76,
      "employment2024Thousands": 293.1,
      "employment2034Thousands": 319.6
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "source": "bls_employment_projections",
        "version": "2024-2034"
      },
      {
        "source": "dingel_neiman",
        "version": "dingel-neiman-workathome"
      },
      {
        "source": "felten_aioe",
        "version": "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"
      },
      {
        "source": "frey_osborne",
        "version": "frey-osborne-automation"
      },
      {
        "source": "microsoft_working_with_ai",
        "version": "working-with-ai"
      },
      {
        "source": "openai_gpts_are_gpts",
        "version": "gpts-are-gpts"
      }
    ]
  },
  "aiPlaybook": {
    "trustedTaskCount": 1,
    "taskCount": 1,
    "totalSample": 71,
    "autonomyMedian": 4,
    "dominantCollaboration": "task iteration",
    "automationShare": 36.62,
    "augmentationShare": 38.03,
    "workUsePercent": 52.11,
    "collaboration": [
      {
        "label": "task iteration",
        "percent": 38.03
      },
      {
        "label": "directive",
        "percent": 36.62
      }
    ],
    "useCase": [
      {
        "label": "work",
        "percent": 52.11
      },
      {
        "label": "coursework",
        "percent": 45.07
      }
    ],
    "delegatedTasks": [
      {
        "task": "Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects.",
        "usagePercent": 0.0071008876109513695,
        "collaboration": "task iteration",
        "autonomyMedian": 4,
        "sampleCount": 71
      }
    ],
    "boundaryTasks": [
      {
        "task": "Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects.",
        "humanNeededPercent": 98.59154929577466,
        "sampleCount": 71
      }
    ],
    "seedPrompts": [
      {
        "prompt": "Let's work through this together, step by step: write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects. I'll give feedback as we go.",
        "collaboration": "task iteration"
      }
    ],
    "release": "2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2"
  },
  "counts": {
    "tasks": 26,
    "skills": 41,
    "capabilities": 120,
    "tools": 29,
    "relatedRoles": 20
  },
  "source": {
    "dataset": "gold.onet_role_starter_surface",
    "version": "30.3",
    "generatedAt": "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00",
    "contentHash": "110f9ecad3f5a054"
  }
}