entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-15-2051-00"
socCode = "15-2051.00"
title = "Data Scientists"
summary = "Develop and implement a set of techniques or analytics applications to transform raw data into meaningful information using data-oriented programming languages and visualization software. Apply data mining, data modeling, natural language processing, and machine learning to extract and analyze information from large structured and unstructured datasets. Visualize, interpret, and report data findings. May create dynamic data reports."
aliases = ["Analytics Consultant", "Applied Scientist", "Data Analyst", "Data Analytic Scientist", "Data Analytics Manager", "Data Analytics Scientist", "Data Analytics Specialist", "Data Architect", "Data Consultant", "Data Economist", "Data Engineer", "Data Management Scientist"]
emergingTasks = []
capabilities = []
workContext = []
aiSignals = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "4"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed"
education = "Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not."
experience = "A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified."
svpRange = "(7.0 to < 8.0)"
educationDistribution = []

[educationLevel]
category = "Bachelor's degree"
slug = "bachelor-s-degree"

[market]
medianWage = 112590
meanWage = 124590
pct10Wage = 63650
pct25Wage = 82630
pct75Wage = 155810
pct90Wage = 194410
employment = 233440
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 45

[[industries.top]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 69410
medianWage = 117020
lq = 4.26

[[industries.top]]
naics = "52"
slug = "52"
title = "Finance and Insurance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 41020
medianWage = 123570
lq = 4.35

[[industries.top]]
naics = "51"
slug = "51"
title = "Information"
level = "Sector"
employment = 26840
medianWage = 137600
lq = 6.1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 26100
medianWage = 126940
lq = 6.14

[[industries.top]]
naics = "56"
slug = "56"
title = "Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 14390
medianWage = 100780
lq = 1.05

[[industries.top]]
naics = "62"
slug = "62"
title = "Health Care and Social Assistance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 13070
medianWage = 87870
lq = 0.37

[[industries.top]]
naics = "31-33"
slug = "31-33"
title = "Manufacturing"
level = "Sector"
employment = 9240
medianWage = 118080
lq = 0.48

[[industries.top]]
naics = "61"
slug = "61"
title = "Educational Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 8700
medianWage = 79310
lq = 0.42

[[industries.top]]
naics = "42"
slug = "42"
title = "Wholesale Trade"
level = "Sector"
employment = 7680
medianWage = 110930
lq = 0.84

[[industries.top]]
naics = "524114"
slug = "524114"
title = "Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 6620
medianWage = 104950
lq = 9.74

[[industries.top]]
naics = "561320"
slug = "561320"
title = "Temporary Help Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 5290
medianWage = 99840
lq = 1.32

[[industries.top]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 3580
medianWage = 105400
lq = 2.05

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "524114"
slug = "524114"
title = "Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers"
level = "National industry"
employment = 6620
lq = 9.74

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541720"
slug = "541720"
title = "Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities"
level = "National industry"
employment = 740
lq = 8.04

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "55"
slug = "55"
title = "Management of Companies and Enterprises"
level = "Sector"
employment = 26100
lq = 6.14

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "51"
slug = "51"
title = "Information"
level = "Sector"
employment = 26840
lq = 6.1

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "52"
slug = "52"
title = "Finance and Insurance"
level = "Sector"
employment = 41020
lq = 4.35

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "54"
slug = "54"
title = "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services"
level = "Sector"
employment = 69410
lq = 4.26

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "541330"
slug = "541330"
title = "Engineering Services"
level = "National industry"
employment = 3580
lq = 2.05

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "524210"
slug = "524210"
title = "Insurance Agencies and Brokerages"
level = "National industry"
employment = 2790
lq = 1.86

[aiOutlook]
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 96
percentile = 99
band = "High"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 2

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 95
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 98
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0.5
beta = 0.75
gamma = 1

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 33.5
growthPercentile = 100
direction = "Growing fast"
annualOpeningsThousands = 23.4
annualOpeningsPercentile = 80
employment2024Thousands = 245.9
employment2034Thousands = 328.3

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 1
percentile = 95
band = "High"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.35716327602190434
percentile = 98
band = "High"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 16
skills = 37
capabilities = 0
tools = 87
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "1b4aa51b9f0146d4"

[[tasks]]
text = "Analyze, manipulate, or process large sets of data using statistical software."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Apply feature selection algorithms to models predicting outcomes of interest, such as sales, attrition, and healthcare use."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.k"

[[tasks]]
text = "Apply sampling techniques to determine groups to be surveyed or use complete enumeration methods."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Clean and manipulate raw data using statistical software."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Compare models using statistical performance metrics, such as loss functions or proportion of explained variance."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Create graphs, charts, or other visualizations to convey the results of data analysis using specialized software."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.o"

[[tasks]]
text = "Deliver oral or written presentations of the results of mathematical modeling and data analysis to management or other end users."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Design surveys, opinion polls, or other instruments to collect data."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.3.b.2.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Identify business problems or management objectives that can be addressed through data analysis."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Identify relationships and trends or any factors that could affect the results of research."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.d"

[[tasks]]
text = "Identify solutions to business problems, such as budgeting, staffing, and marketing decisions, using the results of data analysis."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[tasks]]
text = "Propose solutions in engineering, the sciences, and other fields using mathematical theories and techniques."
type = "n/a"
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze data to inform operational decisions or activities."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze business or financial data."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.k"

[[activities]]
name = "Determine appropriate methods for data analysis."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare data for analysis."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Apply mathematical principles or statistical approaches to solve problems in scientific or applied fields."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare graphics or other visual representations of information."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.o"

[[activities]]
name = "Prepare analytical reports."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Present research results to others."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.6.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop procedures to evaluate organizational activities."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.2.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Select resources needed to accomplish tasks."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.1.j"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze data to identify trends or relationships among variables."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.d"

[[activities]]
name = "Analyze data to identify or resolve operational problems."
iwa = "4.A.2.a.4.g"

[[activities]]
name = "Update technical knowledge."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.3.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Advise others on analytical techniques."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.6.e"

[[activities]]
name = "Develop scientific or mathematical models."
iwa = "4.A.2.b.2.u"

[[activities]]
name = "Write computer programming code."
iwa = "4.A.3.b.1.a"

[[skills]]
name = "TensorFlow"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Spark"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Hadoop"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Unix"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Shell Script"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "PostgreSQL"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "NoSQL"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "MongoDB"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Linux"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Kubernetes"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Github"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Elasticsearch"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Atlassian Confluence"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Kafka"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Hive"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Cassandra"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Airflow"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Amazon Redshift"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "NumPy"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Xgboost"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Statistical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "SciPy"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "RESTful API"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Pyspark"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Neo4j"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematical Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "MLflow"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Kubeflow"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "BigQuery"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache Pig"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Apache MXNet"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Project Management Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Presentation Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Industrial Control Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Amazon Web Services AWS software"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Apache Hadoop"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Apache Spark"
category = "Business intelligence and data analysis software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "C++"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Git"
category = "File versioning software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Azure software"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Power BI"
category = "Business intelligence and data analysis software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft PowerPoint"
category = "Presentation software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Python"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "PyTorch"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "R"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "SAS"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Snowflake"
category = "Data mining software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Structured query language SQL"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Tableau"
category = "Business intelligence and data analysis software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "TensorFlow"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "The MathWorks MATLAB"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = true

[[tools]]
example = "Alteryx software"
category = "Business intelligence and data analysis software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Amazon Redshift"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Apache Airflow"
category = "Procedure management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Apache Cassandra"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Apache Hive"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Apache Kafka"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Atlassian Confluence"
category = "Project management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Atlassian JIRA"
category = "Content workflow software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Bash"
category = "Operating system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "C"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "C#"
category = "Object or component oriented development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Docker"
category = "Application server software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Elasticsearch"
category = "Data base management system software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "GitHub"
category = "Application server software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Go"
category = "Development environment software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Google Looker Analytics"
category = "Business intelligence and data analysis software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "IBM SPSS Statistics"
category = "Analytical or scientific software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "JavaScript"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "JavaScript Object Notation JSON"
category = "Web platform development software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Jenkins CI"
category = "Enterprise application integration software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Kubernetes"
category = "Application server software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[personFit]]
name = "Investigative"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 6.98

[[personFit]]
name = "Mathematics/Statistics"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 6.85

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 6

[[personFit]]
name = "Information Technology"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.81

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 5.39

[[personFit]]
name = "Attention to Detail"
family = "work_style"
value = 5

[[personFit]]
name = "Integrity"
family = "work_style"
value = 4

[[personFit]]
name = "Intellectual Curiosity"
family = "work_style"
value = 3

[[personFit]]
name = "Artistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.61

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Innovation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.42

[[personFit]]
name = "Finance"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.25

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 2.17

[[personFit]]
name = "Health Care Service"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.17

[[personFit]]
name = "Public Speaking"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.15

[[personFit]]
name = "Achievement Orientation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.14

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2041.00"
slug = "role-15-2041-00"
title = "Statisticians"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "43-9111.00"
slug = "role-43-9111-00"
title = "Statistical Assistants"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "13-2099.01"
slug = "role-13-2099-01"
title = "Financial Quantitative Analysts"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2031.00"
slug = "role-15-2031-00"
title = "Operations Research Analysts"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "19-1029.01"
slug = "role-19-1029-01"
title = "Bioinformatics Scientists"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2099.01"
slug = "role-15-2099-01"
title = "Bioinformatics Technicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2021.00"
slug = "role-15-2021-00"
title = "Mathematicians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-1221.00"
slug = "role-15-1221-00"
title = "Computer and Information Research Scientists"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2041.01"
slug = "role-15-2041-01"
title = "Biostatisticians"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2051.01"
slug = "role-15-2051-01"
title = "Business Intelligence Analysts"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-1243.00"
slug = "role-15-1243-00"
title = "Database Architects"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "15-2051.02"
slug = "role-15-2051-02"
title = "Clinical Data Managers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Digital Technology"
slug = "digital-technology"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Financial Services"
slug = "financial-services"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Marketing & Sales"
slug = "marketing-sales"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Biological and Biomedical Sciences"
slug = "biological-and-biomedical-sciences"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services"
slug = "business-management-marketing-and-related-support-services"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services"
slug = "computer-and-information-sciences-and-support-services"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Mathematics and Statistics"
slug = "mathematics-and-statistics"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies"
slug = "multi-interdisciplinary-studies"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Physical Sciences"
slug = "physical-sciences"

[[studyPrograms]]
title = "Social Sciences"
slug = "social-sciences"
