# Computer Programmers

> Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 15-1251.00
- **Summary:** Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information.

## Aliases

- Analyst Programmer
- Computer Programmer
- Programmer
- Programmer Analyst
- Application Programmer Analyst
- Computer Programmer Analyst
- Internet Programmer
- Java Developer
- Web Applications Programmer
- Web Programmer
- .NET Programmer
- Application Programmer

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced. | Core | 4.A.1.b.2.h |
| Perform or direct revision, repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes. | Core | 4.A.4.b.1.a |
| Conduct trial runs of programs and software applications to be sure they will produce the desired information and that the instructions are correct. | Core | 4.A.1.b.2.h |
| Prepare detailed workflow charts and diagrams that describe input, output, and logical operation, and convert them into a series of instructions coded in a computer language. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.o |
| Compile and write documentation of program development and subsequent revisions, inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand the program. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.i |
| Train subordinates in programming and program coding. | Supplemental | 4.A.4.b.3.e |
| Consult with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and resolve problems in running computer programs. | Core | 4.A.4.b.1.a |
| Perform systems analysis and programming tasks to maintain and control the use of computer systems software as a systems programmer. | Core | 4.A.1.b.2.h |
| Write or contribute to instructions or manuals to guide end users. | Core | 4.A.3.b.6.l |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Test software performance. | 4.A.1.b.2.h |
| Resolve computer software problems. | 4.A.3.b.1.d |
| Document design or development procedures. | 4.A.3.b.6.i |
| Modify software programs to improve performance. | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Write computer programming code. | 4.A.3.b.1.a |
| Collaborate with others to resolve information technology issues. | 4.A.4.b.1.a |
| Prepare instruction manuals. | 4.A.3.b.6.l |
| Test computer system operations to ensure proper functioning. | 4.A.1.b.2.h |
| Develop diagrams or flow charts of system operation. | 4.A.2.b.2.o |
| Develop models of information or communications systems. | 4.A.3.b.2.d |
| Assign duties or work schedules to employees. | 4.A.4.b.1.f |
| Supervise information technology personnel. | 4.A.4.b.4.a |
| Manage information technology projects or system activities. | 4.A.4.b.4.e |
| Coordinate project activities with other personnel or departments. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Train others in computer interface or software use. | 4.A.4.b.3.e |
| Develop computer or online applications. | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Design websites or web applications. | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Teach others to use computer equipment or hardware. | 4.A.4.b.3.e |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Computers and Electronics | knowledge | 4.87 |
| Programming | transferable_skill | 4.75 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 3.88 |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.88 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 3.75 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 3.75 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 3.75 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 3.75 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 3.75 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.75 |
| Mathematics | knowledge | 3.53 |
| Quality Control Analysis | transferable_skill | 3.5 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 3.5 |
| Engineering and Technology | knowledge | 3.47 |
| English Language | knowledge | 3.41 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 3.38 |
| Systems Analysis | transferable_skill | 3.38 |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 3.3 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.26 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 3.25 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 3.25 |
| Written Expression | ability | 3.25 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.25 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Mathematics | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Operations Analysis | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Systems Evaluation | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Mathematical Reasoning | ability | 3.12 |
| Number Facility | ability | 3.12 |
| Selective Attention | ability | 3.12 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3.12 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 3 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 3 |
| Originality | ability | 3 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Visual Studio | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Linux | Specialized Skill |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Unix Shell | Specialized Skill |
| Unix | Specialized Skill |
| Transact-SQL | Specialized Skill |
| Spring Framework | Specialized Skill |
| Spring Boot | Specialized Skill |
| Shell Script | Specialized Skill |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux | Specialized Skill |
| PostgreSQL | Specialized Skill |
| Node.js | Specialized Skill |
| NoSQL | Specialized Skill |
| MySQL | Specialized Skill |
| MongoDB | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Windows | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Visio | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft SharePoint | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Project | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Junit | Specialized Skill |
| JQuery | Specialized Skill |
| IBM DB2 | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C# | Object or component oriented development software | yes | yes |
| C++ | Object or component oriented development software | yes | yes |
| Cascading style sheets CSS | Web platform development software | yes | yes |
| Extensible markup language XML | Enterprise application integration software | yes | yes |
| Git | File versioning software | yes | yes |
| Hypertext markup language HTML | Web platform development software | yes | yes |
| JavaScript | Web platform development software | yes | yes |
| Linux | Operating system software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Azure software | Development environment software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft SQL Server | Data base user interface and query software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Visual Studio | Development environment software | yes | yes |
| Oracle Java | Object or component oriented development software | yes | yes |
| Python | Object or component oriented development software | yes | yes |
| R | Object or component oriented development software | yes | yes |
| SAS | Analytical or scientific software | yes | yes |
| Structured query language SQL | Data base user interface and query software | yes | yes |
| Adobe Acrobat | Document management software | yes | no |
| Adobe Illustrator | Graphics or photo imaging software | yes | no |
| Adobe Photoshop | Graphics or photo imaging software | yes | no |
| AJAX | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| Amazon DynamoDB | Data base management system software | yes | no |
| Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2 | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Amazon Redshift | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Amazon Web Services AWS CloudFormation | Cloud-based management software | yes | no |
| Amazon Web Services AWS software | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Ansible software | Expert system software | yes | no |
| Apache Cassandra | Data base management system software | yes | no |
| Apache Hadoop | Data base management system software | yes | no |
| Apache Hive | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Apache Kafka | Development environment software | yes | no |
| Apache Maven | Development environment software | yes | no |
| Apache Spark | Object or component oriented development software | yes | no |
| Apache Subversion SVN | File versioning software | yes | no |
| Apache Tomcat | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| Atlassian Confluence | Project management software | yes | no |
| Atlassian JIRA | Content workflow software | yes | no |
| Bash | Operating system software | yes | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| E-Mail | 5 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 4.84 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 4.58 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 4.26 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.22 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.21 |
| Contact With Others | 4.15 |
| Time Pressure | 4.04 |
| Level of Competition | 3.55 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 3.43 |
| Telephone Conversations | 3.41 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 3.4 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 3.28 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 3.15 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 3.14 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 3.14 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 2.9 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 2.69 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 2.67 |
| Physical Proximity | 2.56 |
| Consequence of Error | 2.54 |
| Public Speaking | 2.48 |
| Conflict Situations | 2.48 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 2.33 |
| Degree of Automation | 2.29 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 2.28 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 2.21 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 1.67 |
| Spend Time Standing | 1.62 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 1.59 |
| In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment | 1.37 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 1.28 |
| Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body | 1.26 |
| Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling | 1.2 |
| Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions | 1.19 |
| Outdoors, Under Cover | 1.18 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 1.13 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 1.13 |
| Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings | 1.1 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 1.07 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 4
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
- **Experience:** A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
- **Svp Range:** (7.0 to < 8.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| Bachelor's Degree | 88.04 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 8.99 |
| Some College Courses | 2.52 |
| Master's Degree | 0.45 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Information Technology | specific_interest_area | 6.86 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 5.92 |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 5.1 |
| Mathematics/Statistics | specific_interest_area | 4.17 |
| Realistic | career_interest_type | 3.37 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 3 |
| Dependability | work_style | 3 |
| Engineering | specific_interest_area | 2.64 |
| Artistic | career_interest_type | 2.51 |
| Office Work | specific_interest_area | 2.24 |
| Intellectual Curiosity | work_style | 2.2 |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 2.09 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 2.03 |
| Social | career_interest_type | 1.98 |
| Innovation | work_style | 1.94 |
| Accounting | specific_interest_area | 1.86 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15-1252.00 | role-15-1252-00 | Software Developers | Primary-Short |
| 15-1255.00 | role-15-1255-00 | Web and Digital Interface Designers | Primary-Short |
| 15-1299.08 | role-15-1299-08 | Computer Systems Engineers/Architects | Primary-Short |
| 15-1211.00 | role-15-1211-00 | Computer Systems Analysts | Primary-Short |
| 15-1242.00 | role-15-1242-00 | Database Administrators | Primary-Short |
| 15-1243.00 | role-15-1243-00 | Database Architects | Primary-Long |
| 15-1253.00 | role-15-1253-00 | Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers | Primary-Long |
| 15-1299.07 | role-15-1299-07 | Blockchain Engineers | Primary-Long |
| 17-2061.00 | role-17-2061-00 | Computer Hardware Engineers | Primary-Long |
| 15-1241.00 | role-15-1241-00 | Computer Network Architects | Primary-Long |
| 15-1254.00 | role-15-1254-00 | Web Developers | Supplemental |
| 51-9162.00 | role-51-9162-00 | Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Digital Technology | digital-technology |

## Education Level

- **Category:** Bachelor's degree

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services | business-management-marketing-and-related-support-services |
| Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services | computer-and-information-sciences-and-support-services |
| Engineering/Engineering-Related Technologies/Technicians | engineering-engineering-related-technologies-technicians |
| Health Professions and Related Programs | health-professions-and-related-programs |
| Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies | multi-interdisciplinary-studies |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 98670
- **Mean Wage:** 103640
- **Pct10Wage:** 52190
- **Pct25Wage:** 71860
- **Pct75Wage:** 128960
- **Pct90Wage:** 162090
- **Employment:** 109870
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 49490 | 98640 | 6.45 |
| 51 | 51 | Information | Sector | 10150 | 104750 | 4.9 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 9300 | 87360 | 0.96 |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 8230 | 96610 | 0.9 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 6450 | 106970 | 1.45 |
| 56 | 56 | Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | Sector | 4030 | 99590 | 0.63 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 3850 | 106470 | 1.92 |
| 42 | 42 | Wholesale Trade | Sector | 3280 | 83380 | 0.76 |
| 561320 | 561320 | Temporary Help Services | National industry | 1930 | 130750 | 1.02 |
| 541330 | 541330 | Engineering Services | National industry | 1910 | 93960 | 2.32 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 1720 | 101140 | 0.1 |
| 23 | 23 | Construction | Sector | 1350 | 81010 | 0.23 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 49490 | 6.45 |
| 541720 | 541720 | Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities | National industry | 230 | 5.31 |
| 51 | 51 | Information | Sector | 10150 | 4.9 |
| 541330 | 541330 | Engineering Services | National industry | 1910 | 2.32 |
| 524114 | 524114 | Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers | National industry | 700 | 2.19 |
| 221112 | 221112 | Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation | National industry | 110 | 2.17 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 3850 | 1.92 |
| 332710 | 332710 | Machine Shops | National industry | 300 | 1.62 |
- **Count:** 32

## Ai Signals


## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 92
- **Percentile:** 97
- **Band:** High
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 95 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 90 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 2

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 1 | 95 | High | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.31003178815648613 | 90 | High | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.9
- **Beta:** 0.95
- **Gamma:** 1

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced. | 2.4551269673676814 | 4.38 |
| Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment. | 2.3979187293814115 | 4.15 |
| Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic. | 2.1901408740021937 | 4.42 |
| Consult with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and resolve problems in running computer programs. | 0.16998138934879156 | 3.5 |
| Compile and write documentation of program development and subsequent revisions, inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand the program. | 0.1671055712812591 | 3.56 |
| Prepare detailed workflow charts and diagrams that describe input, output, and logical operation, and convert them into a series of instructions coded in a computer language. | 0.059467809325045494 | 3.58 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** -6
- **Growth Percentile:** 10
- **Direction:** Declining
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 5.5
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 51
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 121.2
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 113.9

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 17
- **Skills:** 113
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 293
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 28cc4216ca48bcdb