{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-15-1242-00",
  "socCode": "15-1242.00",
  "title": "Database Administrators",
  "summary": "Administer, test, and implement computer databases, applying knowledge of database management systems. Coordinate changes to computer databases. Identify, investigate, and resolve database performance issues, database capacity, and database scalability. May plan, coordinate, and implement security measures to safeguard computer databases.",
  "aliases": [
    "Database Administration Manager",
    "Database Administrator (DBA)",
    "Database Analyst",
    "Systems Administrator (Systems Admin)",
    "Database Coordinator",
    "Database Engineer",
    "Database Manager",
    "Development and Database Administration Manager",
    "IS Admin (Information Systems Administrator)",
    "Administrator (Admin)",
    "Automatic Data Processing Planner (ADP Planner)",
    "Cyber Database Administrator (Cyber DBA)"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Modify existing databases and database management systems or direct programmers and analysts to make changes.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Plan, coordinate, and implement security measures to safeguard information in computer files against accidental or unauthorized damage, modification or disclosure.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Plan and install upgrades of database management system software to enhance database performance.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Specify users and user access levels for each segment of database.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Test changes to database applications or systems.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.h"
    },
    {
      "text": "Test programs or databases, correct errors, and make necessary modifications.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "text": "Train users and answer questions.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.3.e"
    },
    {
      "text": "Provide technical support to junior staff or clients.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.6.d"
    },
    {
      "text": "Approve, schedule, plan, and supervise the installation and testing of new products and improvements to computer systems, such as the installation of new databases.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.6.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Develop standards and guidelines for the use and acquisition of software and to protect vulnerable information.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.a"
    },
    {
      "text": "Write and code logical and physical database descriptions and specify identifiers of database to management system, or direct others in coding descriptions.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Develop data models describing data elements and how they are used, following procedures and using pen, template, or computer software.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.d"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Develop performance metrics or standards related to information technology.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Create databases to store electronic data.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Update computer database information.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Assess database performance.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Modify software programs to improve performance.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Implement security measures for computer or information systems.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Develop computer or information security policies or procedures.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Develop detailed project plans.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.6.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate software or hardware installation.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Train others in computer interface or software use.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.3.e"
    },
    {
      "name": "Develop models of information or communications systems.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.2.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Read documents to gather technical information.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.a.1.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Analyze market or customer related data.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Analyze data to identify trends or relationships among variables.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.4.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Develop database parameters or specifications.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.b.2.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Write computer programming code.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Evaluate utility of software or hardware technologies.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.1.g"
    },
    {
      "name": "Provide recommendations to others about computer hardware.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.6.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Install computer software.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.1.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Provide technical support for software maintenance or use.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.6.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Test computer system operations to ensure proper functioning.",
      "iwa": "4.A.1.b.2.h"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Computers and Electronics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.79
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.96
    },
    {
      "name": "Customer and Personal Service",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.93
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.55
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.54
    },
    {
      "name": "Engineering and Technology",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.51
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Programming",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Category Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitoring",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Flexibility of Closure",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Operations Analysis",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Evaluation",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Fluency of Ideas",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematical Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Clarity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.12
    },
    {
      "name": "Administration and Management",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.1
    },
    {
      "name": "Education and Training",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.09
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Unix",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Transact-SQL",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shell Script",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "PostgreSQL",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "NoSQL",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "MySQL",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "MongoDB",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Access",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Linux",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kubernetes",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Github",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache Spark",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache Kafka",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache Hadoop",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache Airflow",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amazon Redshift",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Unix Shell",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Spring Framework",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Spring Boot",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Oracle SQL Developer",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Node.js",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Word",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Windows",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Visual Studio",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Amazon Redshift",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Amazon Web Services AWS software",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Apache Airflow",
      "category": "Procedure management software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Apache Hadoop",
      "category": "Data base management system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Apache Kafka",
      "category": "Development environment software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Apache Spark",
      "category": "Business intelligence and data analysis software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Atlassian JIRA",
      "category": "Content workflow software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Git",
      "category": "File versioning software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "GitHub",
      "category": "Application server software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "IBM Terraform",
      "category": "Configuration management software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Informatica software",
      "category": "Metadata management software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Kubernetes",
      "category": "Application server software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Linux",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Access",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Azure software",
      "category": "Development environment software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Power BI",
      "category": "Business intelligence and data analysis software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft PowerShell",
      "category": "Development environment software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft SQL Server",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft SQL Server Integration Services SSIS",
      "category": "Enterprise application integration software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "MongoDB",
      "category": "Data base management system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "MySQL",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "NoSQL",
      "category": "Data base management system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Oracle Database",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Oracle Java",
      "category": "Object or component oriented development software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Oracle PL/SQL",
      "category": "Data base management system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "PostgreSQL",
      "category": "Object oriented data base management software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Python",
      "category": "Object or component oriented development software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Salesforce software",
      "category": "Customer relationship management CRM software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Scala",
      "category": "Object or component oriented development software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Shell script",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Snowflake",
      "category": "Data mining software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Structured query language SQL",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Tableau",
      "category": "Business intelligence and data analysis software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Transact-SQL",
      "category": "Object oriented data base management software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "UNIX",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "AJAX",
      "category": "Web platform development software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Amazon DynamoDB",
      "category": "Data base management system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Amazon Web Services AWS CloudFormation",
      "category": "Cloud-based management software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Ansible software",
      "category": "Expert system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "E-Mail",
      "value": 4.92
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 4.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 4.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 4.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 4.49
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 4.34
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Sitting",
      "value": 4.33
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 4.24
    },
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 4.13
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 3.91
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 3.89
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 3.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 3.46
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 3.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 3.29
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 3.19
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 2.99
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 2.98
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 2.77
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 2.66
    },
    {
      "name": "Degree of Automation",
      "value": 2.63
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 2.44
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 2.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People",
      "value": 2.24
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 2.13
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 2.1
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 2.07
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body",
      "value": 1.89
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment",
      "value": 1.66
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Speaking",
      "value": 1.6
    },
    {
      "name": "Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets",
      "value": 1.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling",
      "value": 1.56
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 1.46
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 1.35
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People",
      "value": 1.23
    },
    {
      "name": "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment",
      "value": 1.2
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to High Places",
      "value": 1.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions",
      "value": 1.12
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "4",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.",
    "experience": "A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.",
    "svpRange": "(7.0 to < 8.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
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