entityType = "role"
schemaVersion = "role.v1"
slug = "role-13-1074-00"
socCode = "13-1074.00"
title = "Farm Labor Contractors"
summary = "Recruit and hire seasonal or temporary agricultural laborers. May transport, house, and provide meals for workers."
aliases = ["Farm Labor Contractor", "Field Manager", "Field Supervisor", "Farm Contractor", "Farm Crew Leader", "Farm Crew Member", "Farm Sanitation Employee", "Field Contractor", "Field Crop Harvest Contractor", "Harvest Contractor", "Harvesting Contractor"]
emergingTasks = []
studyPrograms = []

[preparation]
jobZone = "2"
jobZoneName = "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed"
education = "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not."
experience = "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training."
svpRange = "(Below 6.0)"

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Some College Courses"
percentage = 8.9

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)"
percentage = 0.14

[[preparation.educationDistribution]]
label = "Master's Degree"
percentage = 0.14

[educationLevel]
category = "No formal educational credential"
slug = "no-formal-educational-credential"

[market]
medianWage = 48690
meanWage = 51910
pct10Wage = 29800
pct25Wage = 32860
pct75Wage = 58250
pct90Wage = 86860
employment = 410
areaTitle = "U.S."

[industries]
count = 1

[[industries.top]]
naics = "11"
slug = "11"
title = "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting"
level = "Sector"
employment = 360
medianWage = 49500
lq = 319.77

[[industries.concentrated]]
naics = "11"
slug = "11"
title = "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting"
level = "Sector"
employment = 360
lq = 319.77

[aiOutlook]
teleworkable = true
usageTasks = []

[aiOutlook.index]
value = 25
percentile = 22
band = "Low"
version = "ai-exposure-index-v1"
componentCount = 3

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 37
source = "felten_aioe"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 31
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"

[[aiOutlook.index.components]]
percentile = 7
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"

[aiOutlook.freyHistorical]
source = "frey"
label = "Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)"
value = 0.97
percentile = 94
band = "High"
note = "A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking."

[aiOutlook.eloundou]
alpha = 0
beta = 0.14285714285714285
gamma = 0.2857142857142857

[aiOutlook.bls]
growthPercent = 6
growthPercentile = 80
direction = "About average"
annualOpeningsThousands = 0.3
annualOpeningsPercentile = 4
employment2024Thousands = 3.9
employment2034Thousands = 4.2

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.)"
value = -0.4354025
percentile = 37
band = "Moderate"
note = "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "eloundou_gamma"
label = "LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou)"
value = 0.2857142857142857
percentile = 31
band = "Low"
note = "Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank."

[[aiOutlook.exposure]]
source = "microsoft_applicability"
label = "AI assistant applicability (Microsoft)"
value = 0.040497190142520706
percentile = 7
band = "Low"
note = "How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement."

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "bls_employment_projections"
version = "2024-2034"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "dingel_neiman"
version = "dingel-neiman-workathome"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "felten_aioe"
version = "felten-raj-seamans-aioe"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "frey_osborne"
version = "frey-osborne-automation"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "microsoft_working_with_ai"
version = "working-with-ai"

[[aiOutlook.sources]]
source = "openai_gpts_are_gpts"
version = "gpts-are-gpts"

[counts]
tasks = 7
skills = 38
capabilities = 120
tools = 13
relatedRoles = 20

[source]
dataset = "gold.onet_role_starter_surface"
version = "30.3"
generatedAt = "2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00"
contentHash = "e5cca3299defd3f2"

[[tasks]]
text = "Pay wages of contracted farm laborers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Provide food, drinking water, and field sanitation facilities to contracted workers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.c"

[[tasks]]
text = "Recruit and hire agricultural workers."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.f"

[[tasks]]
text = "Direct and transport workers to appropriate work sites."
type = "Supplemental"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.j"

[[tasks]]
text = "Employ foremen to deal directly with workers when recruiting, hiring, instructing, assigning tasks, and enforcing work rules."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Supervise the work of contracted employees."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.a"

[[tasks]]
text = "Furnish tools for employee use."
type = "Core"
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Pay charges, fees, or taxes."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.1.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Allocate physical resources within organizations."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.3.c"

[[activities]]
name = "Coordinate personnel recruitment activities."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.f"

[[activities]]
name = "Administer personnel recruitment or hiring activities."
iwa = "4.A.4.c.2.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Supervise employees."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.a"

[[activities]]
name = "Coordinate logistics or other business operations."
iwa = "4.A.4.b.4.j"

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 3.62

[[capabilities]]
name = "Foreign Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.53

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speaking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Oral Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 3.5

[[capabilities]]
name = "Food Production"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.48

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mathematics"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.48

[[capabilities]]
name = "Personnel and Human Resources"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.43

[[capabilities]]
name = "Active Listening"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Clarity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.38

[[capabilities]]
name = "Management of Personnel Resources"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Production and Processing"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
family = "ability"
value = 3.25

[[capabilities]]
name = "Law and Government"
family = "knowledge"
value = 3.17

[[capabilities]]
name = "Time Management"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Problem Sensitivity"
family = "ability"
value = 3.12

[[capabilities]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Coordination"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Judgment and Decision Making"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Near Vision"
family = "ability"
value = 3

[[capabilities]]
name = "Customer and Personal Service"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.98

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Comprehension"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Written Expression"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Information Ordering"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Control Precision"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Multilimb Coordination"
family = "ability"
value = 2.88

[[capabilities]]
name = "Administration and Management"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.83

[[capabilities]]
name = "English Language"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.78

[[capabilities]]
name = "Public Safety and Security"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.76

[[capabilities]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Writing"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Monitoring"
family = "essential_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Negotiation"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
family = "transferable_skill"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Selective Attention"
family = "ability"
value = 2.75

[[capabilities]]
name = "Economics and Accounting"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.73

[[capabilities]]
name = "Mechanical"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.68

[[capabilities]]
name = "Education and Training"
family = "knowledge"
value = 2.63

[[skills]]
name = "Foreign Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Mathematics"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Listening"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Speech Recognition"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Time Management"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Social Perceptiveness"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Word"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft SharePoint"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Outlook"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Excel"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Microsoft Access"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Facebook"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Critical Thinking"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Information Ordering"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Deductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "English Language"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Writing"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Reading Comprehension"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Negotiation"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Inductive Reasoning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Complex Problem Solving"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Instructing"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Depth Perception"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Telecommunications"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Active Learning"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Learning Strategies"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Systems Analysis"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Finger Dexterity"
type = "Common Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Psychology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Visualization"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Geography"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Biology"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Chemistry"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Physics"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Selection"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Installation"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Equipment Maintenance"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[skills]]
name = "Accounting Software"
type = "Specialized Skill"

[[tools]]
example = "Facebook"
category = "Web page creation and editing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Intuit QuickBooks"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Access"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Excel"
category = "Spreadsheet software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Office software"
category = "Office suite software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Outlook"
category = "Electronic mail software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft SharePoint"
category = "Document management software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Microsoft Word"
category = "Word processing software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "SAP software"
category = "Enterprise resource planning ERP software"
hot = true
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Bookkeeping software"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "E-Verify"
category = "Data base user interface and query software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Financial accounting software"
category = "Accounting software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[tools]]
example = "Web browser software"
category = "Internet browser software"
hot = false
inDemand = false

[[workContext]]
name = "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals"
value = 4.97

[[workContext]]
name = "Freedom to Make Decisions"
value = 4.81

[[workContext]]
name = "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers"
value = 4.63

[[workContext]]
name = "Health and Safety of Other Workers"
value = 4.58

[[workContext]]
name = "Telephone Conversations"
value = 4.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams"
value = 4.55

[[workContext]]
name = "Contact With Others"
value = 4.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks"
value = 4.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Time Pressure"
value = 4.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities"
value = 4.42

[[workContext]]
name = "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate"
value = 4.26

[[workContext]]
name = "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results"
value = 4.21

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions"
value = 4.17

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment"
value = 4.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Sitting"
value = 3.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Frequency of Decision Making"
value = 3.87

[[workContext]]
name = "Level of Competition"
value = 3.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Written Letters and Memos"
value = 3.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team"
value = 3.68

[[workContext]]
name = "Physical Proximity"
value = 3.62

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Contaminants"
value = 3.52

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures"
value = 3.45

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable"
value = 3.28

[[workContext]]
name = "E-Mail"
value = 3.09

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.94

[[workContext]]
name = "Conflict Situations"
value = 2.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Outdoors, Under Cover"
value = 2.93

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Standing"
value = 2.9

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Walking or Running"
value = 2.8

[[workContext]]
name = "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled"
value = 2.79

[[workContext]]
name = "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People"
value = 2.76

[[workContext]]
name = "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General"
value = 2.59

[[workContext]]
name = "In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment"
value = 2.54

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Hazardous Equipment"
value = 2.53

[[workContext]]
name = "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment"
value = 2.51

[[workContext]]
name = "Consequence of Error"
value = 2.5

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions"
value = 2.49

[[workContext]]
name = "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls"
value = 2.44

[[workContext]]
name = "Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings"
value = 2.43

[[workContext]]
name = "Degree of Automation"
value = 2.2

[[personFit]]
name = "Management/Administration"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 5.22

[[personFit]]
name = "Enterprising"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.99

[[personFit]]
name = "Realistic"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.85

[[personFit]]
name = "Conventional"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 4.39

[[personFit]]
name = "Human Resources"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.31

[[personFit]]
name = "Agriculture"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 4.11

[[personFit]]
name = "Social"
family = "career_interest_type"
value = 3.24

[[personFit]]
name = "Transportation/Machine Operation"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.67

[[personFit]]
name = "Nature/Outdoors"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.51

[[personFit]]
name = "Leadership Orientation"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.46

[[personFit]]
name = "Dependability"
family = "work_style"
value = 2.3

[[personFit]]
name = "Physical/Manual Labor"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.23

[[personFit]]
name = "Law"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.21

[[personFit]]
name = "Accounting"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2.07

[[personFit]]
name = "Business Initiatives"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 2

[[personFit]]
name = "Public Speaking"
family = "specific_interest_area"
value = 1.9

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "45-1011.00"
slug = "role-45-1011-00"
title = "First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-9013.00"
slug = "role-11-9013-00"
title = "Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-1043.00"
slug = "role-53-1043-00"
title = "First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "37-1012.00"
slug = "role-37-1012-00"
title = "First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "13-1021.00"
slug = "role-13-1021-00"
title = "Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products"
tier = "Primary-Short"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-1021.00"
slug = "role-11-1021-00"
title = "General and Operations Managers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "53-1042.00"
slug = "role-53-1042-00"
title = "First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "37-1011.00"
slug = "role-37-1011-00"
title = "First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "45-2011.00"
slug = "role-45-2011-00"
title = "Agricultural Inspectors"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "51-1011.00"
slug = "role-51-1011-00"
title = "First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers"
tier = "Primary-Long"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "39-1014.00"
slug = "role-39-1014-00"
title = "First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[relatedRoles]]
socCode = "11-3051.00"
slug = "role-11-3051-00"
title = "Industrial Production Managers"
tier = "Supplemental"

[[careerClusters]]
cluster = "Agriculture"
slug = "agriculture"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "frey_osborne"
label = "Computerization probability"
score = 0.97
scale = "0-1 probability"
release = "2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_aioe"
label = "AI occupational exposure"
score = -0.4354025
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_image_generation_aioe"
label = "Image generation occupational exposure"
score = -0.6037571
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"

[[aiSignals]]
source = "felten_language_modeling_aioe"
label = "Language modeling occupational exposure"
score = -0.4044011
scale = "relative exposure score"
release = "2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks"
