{
  "entityType": "role",
  "schemaVersion": "role.v1",
  "slug": "role-11-9131-00",
  "socCode": "11-9131.00",
  "title": "Postmasters and Mail Superintendents",
  "summary": "Plan, direct, or coordinate operational, administrative, management, and support services of a U.S. post office; or coordinate activities of workers engaged in postal and related work in assigned post office.",
  "aliases": [
    "Distribution Operation Supervisor (SDO)",
    "Distribution Operations Manager",
    "Postmaster",
    "Remote Encoding Center Manager",
    "Delivery Supervisor",
    "Distribution Operations Supervisor",
    "Mail Delivery Supervisor",
    "Postal Supervisor",
    "Postmaster Relief (PMR)",
    "Remote Encoding Operations Supervisor",
    "Mail Superintendent",
    "Order to Delivery Supervisor"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "text": "Monitor employees' work schedules and attendance for payroll purposes.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Organize and supervise activities, such as the processing of incoming and outgoing mail.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    },
    {
      "text": "Resolve customer complaints.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.8.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Prepare employee work schedules.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.f"
    },
    {
      "text": "Direct and coordinate operational, management, and supportive services of one or a number of postal facilities.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    },
    {
      "text": "Hire and train employees, and evaluate their performance.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.1.d"
    },
    {
      "text": "Prepare and submit detailed and summary reports of post office activities to designated supervisors.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.o"
    },
    {
      "text": "Select and train postmasters and managers of associate postal units.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.3.d"
    },
    {
      "text": "Inform the public of available services, and of postal laws and regulations.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.3.c"
    },
    {
      "text": "Negotiate labor disputes.",
      "type": "Core",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.7.b"
    },
    {
      "text": "Issue and cash money orders.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.3.d"
    },
    {
      "text": "Collect rents for post office boxes.",
      "type": "Supplemental",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.3.d"
    }
  ],
  "emergingTasks": [],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "Prepare staff schedules or work assignments.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.f"
    },
    {
      "name": "Direct organizational operations, projects, or services.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Direct administrative or support services.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.4.j"
    },
    {
      "name": "Resolve customer complaints or problems.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.8.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Evaluate employee performance.",
      "iwa": "4.A.2.a.1.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Conduct employee training programs.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.3.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hire personnel.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.2.a"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prepare operational progress or status reports.",
      "iwa": "4.A.3.b.6.o"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiate labor disputes.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.7.b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Collect payments for goods or services.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.c.3.d"
    },
    {
      "name": "Provide basic information to guests, visitors, or clients.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.a.3.c"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate with external parties to exchange information.",
      "iwa": "4.A.4.b.1.c"
    }
  ],
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "name": "Administration and Management",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.42
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Safety and Security",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.2
    },
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.08
    },
    {
      "name": "Production and Processing",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 4.03
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Speaking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordination",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Comprehension",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Oral Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Customer and Personal Service",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.96
    },
    {
      "name": "Management of Personnel Resources",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Clarity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Monitoring",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Problem Sensitivity",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.75
    },
    {
      "name": "Education and Training",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Near Vision",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Personnel and Human Resources",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Administrative",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.58
    },
    {
      "name": "Computers and Electronics",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.57
    },
    {
      "name": "Transportation",
      "family": "knowledge",
      "value": 3.54
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Expression",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Category Flexibility",
      "family": "ability",
      "value": 3.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Service Orientation",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "family": "essential_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Persuasion",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    },
    {
      "name": "Judgment and Decision Making",
      "family": "transferable_skill",
      "value": 3.25
    }
  ],
  "skills": [
    {
      "name": "English Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Management",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Perceptiveness",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reading Comprehension",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Listening",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Speech Recognition",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inductive Reasoning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Thinking",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Negotiation",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Information Ordering",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathematics",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Excel",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Learning Strategies",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Writing",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Instructing",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Active Learning",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Complex Problem Solving",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Psychology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Systems Analysis",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Word",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft Windows",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microsoft PowerPoint",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Visualization",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telecommunications",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Finger Dexterity",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geography",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Email Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Depth Perception",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Foreign Language",
      "type": "Common Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chemistry",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Physics",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biology",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Procurement Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Presentation Software",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Installation",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Selection",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Equipment Maintenance",
      "type": "Specialized Skill"
    }
  ],
  "tools": [
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Excel",
      "category": "Spreadsheet software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Office software",
      "category": "Office suite software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Outlook",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": true
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft PowerPoint",
      "category": "Presentation software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Windows",
      "category": "Operating system software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Microsoft Word",
      "category": "Word processing software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "SAP software",
      "category": "Enterprise resource planning ERP software",
      "hot": true,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Collection Point Management System CPMS",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "eBuy",
      "category": "Procurement software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Email software",
      "category": "Electronic mail software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Facility database software",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Payroll software",
      "category": "Time accounting software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Personnel management software",
      "category": "Human resources software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Personnel scheduling software",
      "category": "Human resources software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Postal boundary mapping software",
      "category": "Map creation software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Postal tracking software",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Vehicle management software",
      "category": "Facilities management software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Web Box Activity Tracing System WebBATS",
      "category": "Data base user interface and query software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    },
    {
      "example": "Web browser software",
      "category": "Internet browser software",
      "hot": false,
      "inDemand": false
    }
  ],
  "workContext": [
    {
      "name": "Contact With Others",
      "value": 4.96
    },
    {
      "name": "Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams",
      "value": 4.92
    },
    {
      "name": "Time Pressure",
      "value": 4.92
    },
    {
      "name": "E-Mail",
      "value": 4.88
    },
    {
      "name": "Telephone Conversations",
      "value": 4.83
    },
    {
      "name": "Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers",
      "value": 4.69
    },
    {
      "name": "Health and Safety of Other Workers",
      "value": 4.68
    },
    {
      "name": "Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team",
      "value": 4.66
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 4.66
    },
    {
      "name": "Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities",
      "value": 4.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Deal With External Customers or the Public in General",
      "value": 4.54
    },
    {
      "name": "Written Letters and Memos",
      "value": 4.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Frequency of Decision Making",
      "value": 4.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People",
      "value": 4.28
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Being Exact or Accurate",
      "value": 4.17
    },
    {
      "name": "Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results",
      "value": 4.16
    },
    {
      "name": "Conflict Situations",
      "value": 4.15
    },
    {
      "name": "Freedom to Make Decisions",
      "value": 3.97
    },
    {
      "name": "Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals",
      "value": 3.89
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Speaking",
      "value": 3.79
    },
    {
      "name": "Importance of Repeating Same Tasks",
      "value": 3.73
    },
    {
      "name": "Level of Competition",
      "value": 3.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Physical Proximity",
      "value": 3.23
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Standing",
      "value": 3.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Sitting",
      "value": 3.09
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable",
      "value": 3.06
    },
    {
      "name": "In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Contaminants",
      "value": 2.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Walking or Running",
      "value": 2.95
    },
    {
      "name": "Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions",
      "value": 2.84
    },
    {
      "name": "Degree of Automation",
      "value": 2.62
    },
    {
      "name": "Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment",
      "value": 2.59
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures",
      "value": 2.5
    },
    {
      "name": "Consequence of Error",
      "value": 2.42
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions",
      "value": 2.41
    },
    {
      "name": "Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled",
      "value": 2.24
    },
    {
      "name": "Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People",
      "value": 2.04
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions",
      "value": 1.8
    },
    {
      "name": "Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls",
      "value": 1.8
    },
    {
      "name": "Exposed to Disease or Infections",
      "value": 1.67
    }
  ],
  "preparation": {
    "jobZone": "2",
    "jobZoneName": "Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed",
    "education": "Usually requires a high school diploma or GED, though some occupations may not.",
    "experience": "Some occupations may need little or no previous experience; others require several months to a year of experience. For example, landscaping and groundskeeping workers might require very little training or previous experience, while agricultural equipment operators can benefit from on-the job training.",
    "svpRange": "(Below 6.0)",
    "educationDistribution": [
      {
        "label": "High School Diploma",
        "percentage": 62.1
      },
      {
        "label": "Bachelor's Degree",
        "percentage": 13.44
      },
      {
        "label": "Some College Courses",
        "percentage": 11.07
      },
      {
        "label": "Post-Secondary Certificate",
        "percentage": 6.69
      },
      {
        "label": "Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree)",
        "percentage": 6.69
      }
    ]
  },
  "personFit": [
    {
      "name": "Management/Administration",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 6.33
    },
    {
      "name": "Enterprising",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 6
    },
    {
      "name": "Conventional",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 5.69
    },
    {
      "name": "Office Work",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 4.7
    },
    {
      "name": "Human Resources",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 4.38
    },
    {
      "name": "Dependability",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 4
    },
    {
      "name": "Social",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 3.35
    },
    {
      "name": "Attention to Detail",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 3
    },
    {
      "name": "Accounting",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.99
    },
    {
      "name": "Leadership Orientation",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.87
    },
    {
      "name": "Business Initiatives",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.39
    },
    {
      "name": "Integrity",
      "family": "work_style",
      "value": 2.28
    },
    {
      "name": "Public Speaking",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.22
    },
    {
      "name": "Realistic",
      "family": "career_interest_type",
      "value": 2.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Personal Service",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2.14
    },
    {
      "name": "Finance",
      "family": "specific_interest_area",
      "value": 2
    }
  ],
  "relatedRoles": [
    {
      "socCode": "43-5051.00",
      "slug": "role-43-5051-00",
      "title": "Postal Service Clerks",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "11-3071.00",
      "slug": "role-11-3071-00",
      "title": "Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "43-1011.00",
      "slug": "role-43-1011-00",
      "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "11-3012.00",
      "slug": "role-11-3012-00",
      "title": "Administrative Services Managers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "11-1021.00",
      "slug": "role-11-1021-00",
      "title": "General and Operations Managers",
      "tier": "Primary-Short"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "43-5053.00",
      "slug": "role-43-5053-00",
      "title": "Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "53-1042.00",
      "slug": "role-53-1042-00",
      "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "53-1043.00",
      "slug": "role-53-1043-00",
      "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "41-1012.00",
      "slug": "role-41-1012-00",
      "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "51-1011.00",
      "slug": "role-51-1011-00",
      "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers",
      "tier": "Primary-Long"
    },
    {
      "socCode": "43-5032.00",
      "slug": "role-43-5032-00",
      "title": "Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance",
      "tier": "Supplemental"
    },
    {
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        "note": "How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss."
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        "source": "dingel_neiman",
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        "source": "microsoft_working_with_ai",
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    "contentHash": "7733c7ebda1ea2f6"
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}