# Computer and Information Systems Managers

> Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming.
- **Entity Type:** role
- **Schema Version:** role.v1
- **Soc Code:** 11-3021.00
- **Summary:** Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming.

## Aliases

- Information Systems Director (IS Director)
- Information Systems Manager (IS Manager)
- Information Technology Director (IT Director)
- Information Technology Manager (IT Manager)
- Application Development Director
- Computing Services Director
- Data Processing Manager
- Information Systems Supervisor (IS Supervisor)
- MIS Director (Management Information Systems Director)
- Technical Services Manager
- Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
- Computer Operations Manager

## Tasks

| Text | Type | Iwa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Manage backup, security and user help systems. | Supplemental | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Direct daily operations of department, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines. | Core | 4.A.2.a.4.g |
| Meet with department heads, managers, supervisors, vendors, and others, to solicit cooperation and resolve problems. | Core | 4.A.4.a.2.c |
| Review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity. | Core | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Assign and review the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other computer-related workers. | Core | 4.A.2.a.1.d |
| Provide users with technical support for computer problems. | Core | 4.A.4.b.6.b |
| Develop computer information resources, providing for data security and control, strategic computing, and disaster recovery. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Stay abreast of advances in technology. | Core | 4.A.2.b.3.a |
| Recruit, hire, train and supervise staff, or participate in staffing decisions. | Core | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements. | Core | 4.A.4.b.1.c |
| Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades. | Core | 4.A.2.b.1.h |
| Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures. | Core | 4.A.2.b.2.v |

## Emerging Tasks


## Activities

| Name | Iwa |
| --- | --- |
| Advise customers on technical or procedural issues. | 4.A.4.b.6.b |
| Develop computer or information systems. | 4.A.2.b.2.b |
| Coordinate operational activities with external stakeholders. | 4.A.4.b.1.c |
| Analyze data to inform operational decisions or activities. | 4.A.2.a.4.g |
| Develop organizational goals or objectives. | 4.A.2.b.2.v |
| Direct organizational operations, projects, or services. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Evaluate employee performance. | 4.A.2.a.1.d |
| Maintain knowledge of current developments in area of expertise. | 4.A.2.b.3.a |
| Review technical documents to plan work. | 4.A.1.a.1.b |
| Evaluate project designs to determine adequacy or feasibility. | 4.A.2.a.1.j |
| Determine resource needs. | 4.A.2.b.1.h |
| Recommend organizational process or policy changes. | 4.A.4.b.6.e |
| Manage organizational or project budgets. | 4.A.4.b.4.h |
| Confer with organizational members to accomplish work activities. | 4.A.4.a.2.c |
| Resolve employee or contractor problems. | 4.A.4.a.7.c |
| Develop organizational policies or programs. | 4.A.2.b.4.a |
| Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures. | 4.A.2.b.4.a |
| Conduct employee training programs. | 4.A.4.b.3.d |
| Hire personnel. | 4.A.4.c.2.a |
| Recruit personnel. | 4.A.4.c.2.a |
| Manage operations, research, or logistics projects. | 4.A.4.b.4.j |
| Analyze data to determine project feasibility. | 4.A.2.a.1.j |
| Prepare operational progress or status reports. | 4.A.3.b.6.o |
| Purchase materials, equipment, or other resources. | 4.A.4.c.3.e |

## Capabilities

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Computers and Electronics | knowledge | 4.77 |
| Critical Thinking | essential_skill | 4.12 |
| Customer and Personal Service | knowledge | 4.05 |
| Reading Comprehension | essential_skill | 4 |
| Active Listening | essential_skill | 4 |
| Oral Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Written Comprehension | ability | 4 |
| Oral Expression | ability | 4 |
| Problem Sensitivity | ability | 4 |
| Deductive Reasoning | ability | 4 |
| Inductive Reasoning | ability | 4 |
| Speaking | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Monitoring | essential_skill | 3.88 |
| Judgment and Decision Making | transferable_skill | 3.88 |
| Writing | essential_skill | 3.75 |
| Coordination | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Complex Problem Solving | transferable_skill | 3.75 |
| Written Expression | ability | 3.75 |
| Information Ordering | ability | 3.75 |
| Near Vision | ability | 3.75 |
| Administration and Management | knowledge | 3.7 |
| Social Perceptiveness | transferable_skill | 3.62 |
| Systems Analysis | transferable_skill | 3.62 |
| Systems Evaluation | transferable_skill | 3.62 |
| Management of Personnel Resources | transferable_skill | 3.62 |
| Speech Clarity | ability | 3.62 |
| Engineering and Technology | knowledge | 3.5 |
| English Language | knowledge | 3.48 |
| Personnel and Human Resources | knowledge | 3.42 |
| Active Learning | essential_skill | 3.38 |
| Time Management | transferable_skill | 3.38 |
| Fluency of Ideas | ability | 3.38 |
| Speech Recognition | ability | 3.38 |
| Learning Strategies | essential_skill | 3.25 |
| Originality | ability | 3.25 |
| Category Flexibility | ability | 3.25 |
| Mathematics | knowledge | 3.16 |
| Mathematics | essential_skill | 3.12 |
| Persuasion | transferable_skill | 3.12 |
| Instructing | transferable_skill | 3.12 |

## Skills

| Name | Type |
| --- | --- |
| Critical Thinking | Common Skill |
| Reading Comprehension | Common Skill |
| Inductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Deductive Reasoning | Common Skill |
| Active Listening | Common Skill |
| Writing | Common Skill |
| Information Ordering | Specialized Skill |
| Complex Problem Solving | Common Skill |
| Systems Analysis | Specialized Skill |
| Social Perceptiveness | Common Skill |
| English Language | Common Skill |
| Time Management | Common Skill |
| Speech Recognition | Specialized Skill |
| Active Learning | Common Skill |
| Learning Strategies | Specialized Skill |
| Mathematics | Common Skill |
| Instructing | Specialized Skill |
| Visualization | Specialized Skill |
| Unix | Specialized Skill |
| Spring Framework | Specialized Skill |
| Shell Script | Specialized Skill |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux | Specialized Skill |
| PostgreSQL | Specialized Skill |
| Node.js | Specialized Skill |
| NoSQL | Specialized Skill |
| Negotiation | Common Skill |
| MySQL | Specialized Skill |
| MongoDB | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Word | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Visual Studio | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Visio | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft SharePoint | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft Project | Specialized Skill |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Outlook | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Excel | Common Skill |
| Microsoft Access | Specialized Skill |
| Linux | Specialized Skill |
| Google Analytics | Specialized Skill |
| Apache Tomcat | Specialized Skill |

## Tools

| Example | Category | Hot | In Demand |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Amazon Web Services AWS software | Data base user interface and query software | yes | yes |
| Microsoft Azure software | Development environment software | yes | yes |
| Apache Cassandra | Data base management system software | yes | no |
| Apache Hadoop | Data base management system software | yes | no |
| Apache Maven | Development environment software | yes | no |
| Apache Tomcat | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| Apple macOS | Operating system software | yes | no |
| Atlassian JIRA | Content workflow software | yes | no |
| C | Development environment software | yes | no |
| C# | Object or component oriented development software | yes | no |
| C++ | Object or component oriented development software | yes | no |
| Eclipse IDE | Development environment software | yes | no |
| Extensible markup language XML | Enterprise application integration software | yes | no |
| Google Analytics | Data mining software | yes | no |
| Hypertext markup language HTML | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| IBM SPSS Statistics | Analytical or scientific software | yes | no |
| JavaScript | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| Linux | Operating system software | yes | no |
| Microsoft .NET Framework | Development environment software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Access | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Excel | Spreadsheet software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Office software | Office suite software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Outlook | Electronic mail software | yes | no |
| Microsoft PowerPoint | Presentation software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Project | Project management software | yes | no |
| Microsoft SharePoint | Document management software | yes | no |
| Microsoft SQL Server | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS | Object or component oriented development software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Visio | Process mapping and design software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Visual Basic | Development environment software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Visual Studio | Development environment software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Windows Server | Application server software | yes | no |
| Microsoft Word | Word processing software | yes | no |
| MongoDB | Data base management system software | yes | no |
| MySQL | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Node.js | Web platform development software | yes | no |
| NoSQL | Data base management system software | yes | no |
| Oracle Database | Data base user interface and query software | yes | no |
| Oracle Java | Object or component oriented development software | yes | no |

## Work Context

| Name | Value |
| --- | --- |
| E-Mail | 5 |
| Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team | 4.75 |
| Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals | 4.75 |
| Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams | 4.63 |
| Contact With Others | 4.58 |
| Spend Time Sitting | 4.58 |
| Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities | 4.55 |
| Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers | 4.54 |
| Telephone Conversations | 4.48 |
| Freedom to Make Decisions | 4.42 |
| Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results | 4.34 |
| Importance of Being Exact or Accurate | 4.04 |
| Frequency of Decision Making | 3.93 |
| Importance of Repeating Same Tasks | 3.88 |
| Indoors, Environmentally Controlled | 3.8 |
| Consequence of Error | 3.72 |
| Level of Competition | 3.65 |
| Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions | 3.61 |
| Time Pressure | 3.37 |
| Conflict Situations | 3.3 |
| Deal With External Customers or the Public in General | 3.02 |
| Written Letters and Memos | 3.01 |
| Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People | 2.95 |
| Health and Safety of Other Workers | 2.94 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | 2.94 |
| Physical Proximity | 2.63 |
| Degree of Automation | 2.56 |
| Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable | 2.31 |
| Public Speaking | 2.08 |
| Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled | 1.66 |
| Spend Time Walking or Running | 1.64 |
| Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions | 1.57 |
| Spend Time Standing | 1.57 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | 1.51 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | 1.49 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | 1.36 |
| Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions | 1.33 |
| Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings | 1.32 |
| Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling | 1.32 |
| Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment | 1.28 |

## Preparation

- **Job Zone:** 4
- **Job Zone Name:** Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
- **Education:** Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
- **Experience:** A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
- **Svp Range:** (7.0 to < 8.0)

### Education Distribution

| Label | Percentage |
| --- | --- |
| Bachelor's Degree | 47.68 |
| Some College Courses | 25.96 |
| Master's Degree | 14.36 |
| Post-Secondary Certificate | 5.77 |
| Post-Baccalaureate Certificate | 2.8 |
| Associate's Degree (or other 2-year degree) | 2.16 |
| High School Diploma | 1.26 |

## Person Fit

| Name | Family | Value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dependability | work_style | 9 |
| Attention to Detail | work_style | 8 |
| Integrity | work_style | 7 |
| Management/Administration | specific_interest_area | 6.37 |
| Information Technology | specific_interest_area | 6.12 |
| Intellectual Curiosity | work_style | 6 |
| Conventional | career_interest_type | 5.94 |
| Enterprising | career_interest_type | 5.09 |
| Achievement Orientation | work_style | 5 |
| Investigative | career_interest_type | 4.49 |
| Business Initiatives | specific_interest_area | 4.46 |
| Adaptability | work_style | 4 |
| Innovation | work_style | 3 |
| Human Resources | specific_interest_area | 2.98 |
| Public Speaking | specific_interest_area | 2.96 |
| Mathematics/Statistics | specific_interest_area | 2.84 |

## Related Roles

| Soc Code | Slug | Title | Tier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15-1211.00 | role-15-1211-00 | Computer Systems Analysts | Primary-Short |
| 13-1082.00 | role-13-1082-00 | Project Management Specialists | Primary-Short |
| 15-1252.00 | role-15-1252-00 | Software Developers | Primary-Short |
| 15-1299.08 | role-15-1299-08 | Computer Systems Engineers/Architects | Primary-Short |
| 13-1111.00 | role-13-1111-00 | Management Analysts | Primary-Short |
| 15-1299.09 | role-15-1299-09 | Information Technology Project Managers | Primary-Long |
| 15-1243.00 | role-15-1243-00 | Database Architects | Primary-Long |
| 15-1241.00 | role-15-1241-00 | Computer Network Architects | Primary-Long |
| 15-1299.05 | role-15-1299-05 | Information Security Engineers | Primary-Long |
| 15-1242.00 | role-15-1242-00 | Database Administrators | Primary-Long |
| 25-1021.00 | role-25-1021-00 | Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary | Supplemental |
| 15-1244.00 | role-15-1244-00 | Network and Computer Systems Administrators | Supplemental |

## Career Clusters

| Cluster | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Digital Technology | digital-technology |

## Education Level

- **Category:** Bachelor's degree

## Study Programs

| Title | Slug |
| --- | --- |
| Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services | business-management-marketing-and-related-support-services |
| Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services | computer-and-information-sciences-and-support-services |
| Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies | multi-interdisciplinary-studies |

## Market

- **Median Wage:** 171200
- **Mean Wage:** 187990
- **Pct10Wage:** 104450
- **Pct25Wage:** 134350
- **Pct75Wage:** 216220
- **Employment:** 645970
- **Area Title:** U.S.

## Industries


### Top

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Median Wage | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 205040 | 174010 | 4.54 |
| 51 | 51 | Information | Sector | 85400 | 196060 | 7.01 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 78960 | 176570 | 3.03 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 71800 | 172830 | 6.1 |
| 31-33 | 31-33 | Manufacturing | Sector | 41050 | 174790 | 0.77 |
| 61 | 61 | Educational Services | Sector | 30810 | 127360 | 0.54 |
| 42 | 42 | Wholesale Trade | Sector | 27610 | 170400 | 1.09 |
| 56 | 56 | Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | Sector | 20380 | 163100 | 0.54 |
| 62 | 62 | Health Care and Social Assistance | Sector | 20290 | 151220 | 0.21 |
| 524114 | 524114 | Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers | National industry | 8520 | 169310 | 4.53 |
| 48-49 | 48-49 | Transportation and Warehousing | Sector | 7380 | 168210 | 0.24 |
| 541330 | 541330 | Engineering Services | National industry | 6870 | 171880 | 1.42 |

### Concentrated

| Naics | Slug | Title | Level | Employment | Lq |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 51 | 51 | Information | Sector | 85400 | 7.01 |
| 55 | 55 | Management of Companies and Enterprises | Sector | 71800 | 6.1 |
| 54 | 54 | Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | Sector | 205040 | 4.54 |
| 524114 | 524114 | Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers | National industry | 8520 | 4.53 |
| 52 | 52 | Finance and Insurance | Sector | 78960 | 3.03 |
| 524210 | 524210 | Insurance Agencies and Brokerages | National industry | 6480 | 1.56 |
| 541330 | 541330 | Engineering Services | National industry | 6870 | 1.42 |
| 541720 | 541720 | Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities | National industry | 350 | 1.37 |
- **Count:** 55

## Ai Signals

| Source | Label | Score | Scale | Release |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| frey_osborne | Computerization probability | 0.035 | 0-1 probability | 2013-baseline-2016-employment-snapshot |
| felten_aioe | AI occupational exposure | 1.059853 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_image_generation_aioe | Image generation occupational exposure | 1.275466 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |
| felten_language_modeling_aioe | Language modeling occupational exposure | 0.9450699 | relative exposure score | 2021-plus-generative-ai-workbooks |

## Ai Outlook


### Index

- **Value:** 71
- **Percentile:** 71
- **Band:** High
- **Version:** ai-exposure-index-v1

#### Components

| Percentile | Source |
| --- | --- |
| 78 | felten_aioe |
| 84 | openai_gpts_are_gpts |
| 52 | microsoft_working_with_ai |
- **Component Count:** 3

### Exposure

| Source | Label | Value | Percentile | Band | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| felten_aioe | Overall AI exposure (Felten et al.) | 1.059853 | 78 | High | How much this job's abilities overlap with what AI systems can do, across many AI capabilities. A relative research score, not a forecast of job loss. |
| eloundou_gamma | LLM task exposure, γ (OpenAI / Eloundou) | 0.9393939393939394 | 84 | High | Share of this job's tasks where a large language model plus simple tools could cut the time to do them by at least half. γ is capped at 1.0 and many jobs reach that ceiling, so treat a top score as 'in the top group', not a precise rank. |
| microsoft_applicability | AI assistant applicability (Microsoft) | 0.15189351438864812 | 52 | Moderate | How applicable today's AI assistants are to this job's activities, measured from real Microsoft Copilot conversations. Applicability is not the same as replacement. |

### Frey Historical

- **Source:** frey
- **Label:** Computerization probability (Frey & Osborne, 2013)
- **Value:** 0.035
- **Percentile:** 20
- **Band:** Low
- **Note:** A pre-LLM (2013) estimate of how automatable this job is by computerization and robotics. Shown for historical context only — it is not part of any current AI ranking.
- **Teleworkable:** yes

### Eloundou

- **Alpha:** 0.12121212121212122
- **Beta:** 0.5303030303030303
- **Gamma:** 0.9393939393939394

### Usage Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Importance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements. | 0.051764725215583646 | 3.85 |
| Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades. | 0.012530350151391279 | 3.7 |
| Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures. | 0.005032681618181743 | 3.7 |
| Review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity. | 0.002875818067532425 | 4.08 |
| Develop computer information resources, providing for data security and control, strategic computing, and disaster recovery. | 0.0022595713387754766 | 3.94 |
| Provide users with technical support for computer problems. | 0.0020541557625231607 | 3.99 |
- **Usage Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

### Bls

- **Growth Percent:** 15.2
- **Growth Percentile:** 97
- **Direction:** Growing fast
- **Annual Openings Thousands:** 55.6
- **Annual Openings Percentile:** 90
- **Employment2024Thousands:** 667.1
- **Employment2034Thousands:** 768.7

### Sources

| Source | Version |
| --- | --- |
| bls_employment_projections | 2024-2034 |
| dingel_neiman | dingel-neiman-workathome |
| felten_aioe | felten-raj-seamans-aioe |
| frey_osborne | frey-osborne-automation |
| microsoft_working_with_ai | working-with-ai |
| openai_gpts_are_gpts | gpts-are-gpts |

## Ai Playbook

- **Trusted Task Count:** 4
- **Task Count:** 7
- **Total Sample:** 1114
- **Autonomy Median:** 4
- **Dominant Collaboration:** learning
- **Automation Share:** 24.32
- **Augmentation Share:** 67.72
- **Work Use Percent:** 58.62

### Collaboration

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| learning | 39.66 |
| task iteration | 23.85 |
| directive | 20.11 |
| feedback loop | 4.21 |
| validation | 4.21 |
| none | 2.11 |

### Use Case

| Label | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| work | 58.62 |
| personal | 34.29 |
| coursework | 5.36 |

### Delegated Tasks

| Task | Usage Percent | Collaboration | Autonomy Median | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements. | 0.06100762595324415 | learning | 4 | 610 |
| Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades. | 0.021502687835979497 | learning | 4 | 215 |
| Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures. | 0.013901737717214653 | task iteration | 4 | 139 |
| Provide users with technical support for computer problems. | 0.008001000125015627 | directive | 3 | 80 |

### Boundary Tasks

| Task | Human Needed Percent | Sample Count |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures. | 96.40287769784173 | 139 |
| Provide users with technical support for computer problems. | 93.75 | 80 |
| Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades. | 93.48837209302326 | 215 |
| Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements. | 92.78688524590164 | 610 |

### Seed Prompts

| Prompt | Collaboration |
| --- | --- |
| Teach me how to consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements, then check my work as I try it myself. | learning |
| Teach me how to evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades, then check my work as I try it myself. | learning |
| Let's work through this together, step by step: develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures. I'll give feedback as we go. | task iteration |
| Do this for me: provide users with technical support for computer problems. Give me a finished draft I can review and adjust. | directive |
- **Release:** 2026-01-15-v4-plus-2025-03-27-v2

## Counts

- **Tasks:** 17
- **Skills:** 86
- **Capabilities:** 120
- **Tools:** 177
- **Related Roles:** 20

## Source

- **Dataset:** gold.onet_role_starter_surface
- **Version:** 30.3
- **Generated At:** 2026-06-02T21:00:32.945303+00:00
- **Content Hash:** 434234c8277cdbc4